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<mods:title id="B44D040E98F344DA5AACF94F19F2D4BC">Two new and exceptional poison dart frogs of the genus Dendrobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Northeastern Flank of the cordillera Central of Colombia</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="E9885670FF96D07BBB2B018CD36510FD" bold="true" box="[264,596,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Dendrobates dorisswansoni</emphasis>
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: 
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adult female deposited in the amphibian collection of the 
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de 
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, 
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, 
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53279, one of a series collected 
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by Alonso Quevedo and Oscar Javier Gallego Carvajal.
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: 
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, Departamento de 
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, 
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Municipio 
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, unpaved road between vereda 
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and the ¨ 
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,¨ eastern flank of the Cordillera Central, 
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: Adult males: 
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(individual stained)
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,
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; females 
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,
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,
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. 
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,
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,
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; Juveniles 
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,
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. Locality data is the same as the 
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.
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<emphasis id="E9885670FF96D07BBB1B078ED08E16C3" bold="true" box="[312,447,1478,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Etymology</emphasis>
: This species is named after Doris Swanson of Spokane, 
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, in the 
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. Doris is the wife of the late Dale Swanson, after whom the other species in this paper is named, and, like her husband, is a world traveler, dedicated conservationist, and wonderful friend. Her continued commitment to the cause of biodiversity conservation, and particularly her support for the conservation of Critically Endangered and Endangered species, is making a major difference in globally important hotspots like the Tropical Andes.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="E9885670FF96D07BBB1B0496D34315DB" bold="true" box="[312,626,1758,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Definition and Diagnosis</emphasis>
: A small dendrobatid frog having an adult average snout vent length of about 16.8 mm in males and 18.2 mm in females (maximum known SVL of 19.43 mm). The coloration pattern over the back and the limbs consists of irregular, red blotches, which are rounded and elongated, on a background of dark brown to black. The throat, chest, and the upper half of the belly have a design similar to the back (red blotches on a dark background).
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This species can be distinguished from most of the members of this family (except 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078BF2D0324D098128E" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BF2D0324D41212A6" box="[1294,1315,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BB2B03DCD098128E" box="[264,425,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">daleswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BB8A03DCD080128E" box="[425,433,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">)</emphasis>
by the fusion of the first toe to the adjacent digit, thus only four toes are visible externally in the hind limbs. 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078B89503F4D2CF12F6" authorityName="Rueda-Almonacid &amp; Rada &amp; Sánchez- Pacheco &amp; Velásquez-Álvarez &amp; Quevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[694,1022,444,469]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B89503F4D2CF12F6" box="[694,1022,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Dendrobates dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078BE1903F4D5CE12F6" box="[1082,1279,444,470]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BE1903F4D57E12F6" box="[1082,1103,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BE7C03F4D5CE12F6" box="[1119,1279,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">daleswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only known dendrobatids with a reduction of the toes and the two can be distinguished by the differences in coloration, 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078B8A90044D27F1106" box="[650,846,524,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B8A90044D3AE1106" box="[650,671,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B88C0044D27F1106" box="[687,846,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">daleswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a red ¨hood¨ and the posterior half an Antique Brown or Robin Rufous (
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF95D078B89C007CD269116D" author="Smithe, F. B." box="[703,856,564,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refId="ref6801" refString="Smithe, F. B. (1975) Naturalist's color guide. American Museum of Natural History, New York." type="book" year="1975">Smithe 1975</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078B9B9007CD5D0116E" authorityName="Rueda-Almonacid &amp; Rada &amp; Sánchez- Pacheco &amp; Velásquez-Álvarez &amp; Quevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[922,1249,564,589]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B9B9007CD5D0116E" box="[922,1249,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Dendrobates dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being dark brown or black with irregular red or orange blotches (
<figureCitation id="43C796E7FF95D078B9940014D5171155" box="[951,1062,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1319,1343]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,601,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-242@2.[266,1321,601,1295]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photograph of one of the type specimens of Dendrobates daleswansoni. Photo: Courtesy of Juan Manuel Renjifo." pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Figures 1</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="43C796E7FF95D078BE7C0014D5411155" box="[1119,1136,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,830,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-277@3.[267,1319,828,1602]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of one of the type specimens of Dendrobates dorisswansoni. Photo: Alonso Quevedo." pageId="10" pageNumber="49">2</figureCitation>
); with regard to dorsal skin texture, in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078B82C00CCD3ED11BE" authorityName="Rueda-Almonacid &amp; Rada &amp; Sánchez- Pacheco &amp; Velásquez-Álvarez &amp; Quevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[527,732,644,670]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B82C00CCD31511BE" box="[527,548,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B81000CCD3ED11BE" box="[563,732,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is completely smooth and in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078BE1B00CCD5CA11BE" box="[1080,1275,644,670]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BE1B00CCD57C11BE" box="[1080,1101,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BE7F00CCD5CA11BE" box="[1116,1275,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">daleswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has few small flat warts barely discernable in the sacro­coccigea region of the hind limbs; in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078BB2B009CD0E111CE" box="[264,464,724,750]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BB2B009CD02C11CE" box="[264,285,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BB12009CD0E111CE" box="[305,464,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">daleswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the I and II toes are totally fused and in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078B9CB009CD58B11CE" authorityName="Rueda-Almonacid &amp; Rada &amp; Sánchez- Pacheco &amp; Velásquez-Álvarez &amp; Quevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[1000,1210,724,750]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B9CB009CD2CC11CE" box="[1000,1021,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BE32009CD58B11CE" box="[1041,1210,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are partially or totally fused. Finally, the testes are dark brown in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078B9FF00B4D5981036" authorityName="Rueda-Almonacid &amp; Rada &amp; Sánchez- Pacheco &amp; Velásquez-Álvarez &amp; Quevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[988,1193,764,790]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B9FF00B4D2C01036" box="[988,1009,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BE2300B4D5981036" box="[1024,1193,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and cream with fine brown reticulation in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078B856016CD209101E" box="[629,824,804,829]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078B856016CD209101E" box="[629,824,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">D. daleswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF95D078BB1B0104D43E175D" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BB1B0104D3E01045" bold="true" box="[312,721,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
Dimension of the 
<typeStatus id="044734C0FF95D078B8370104D3B71045" box="[532,646,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(mm)
</emphasis>
: The 
<typeStatus id="044734C0FF95D078B9340104D24C1045" box="[791,893,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
corresponds to an adult female with a snout vent length of 18.04; tibia length of 8.3; maximum body width of 7.35; head width of 6.05; interorbital distance of 2.19; cephalic distance of 4.68; distance between the snout and nares of 0.68; distance between the nares and the eye of 1.37; distance between the nares of 2.34; eye diameter of 2.04; tympanum diameter of 1.09; distance from the posterior corner of the jaw to the inferior edge of the tympanic ring of 0.58; hand length of 4.52; disc width in the third finger of 0.6; width of the third finger of 0.44; disc width in the third toe of 0.48; disc width in the fourth toe of 0.44; width of the fourth toe of 0.42.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF95D078BB1B06C4D08817ED" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
The dimension and percentage relationships of the 
<typeStatus id="044734C0FF95D078B98B06C4D2EB1785" box="[936,986,1164,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
specimens are presented in 
<tableCitation id="967EBFD9FF95D078BB2B06FCD05B17ED" box="[264,362,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[264,352,407,431]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of the male and female of Dendrobates dorisswansoni in mm*. Measurem Males Females" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Tables 3</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="967EBFD9FF95D078BB8006FCD08417ED" box="[419,437,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,352,483,507]" captionText="TABLE 4. Proportions and variability in the measurements of Dendrobates dorisswansoni sensu Myers et al. (1984)." pageId="10" pageNumber="49">4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93E6D9E9FF95D07FBB1B0694D0E111E5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF95D078BB1B0694D39D15F5" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BB1B0694D3EA17D5" bold="true" box="[312,731,1244,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="044734C0FF95D078B83C0694D36417D5" box="[543,597,1244,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
specimens
</emphasis>
: Based on 
<specimenCount id="CDFA41EBFF95D078B97D0694D29F17D5" box="[862,942,1244,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
males and 
<specimenCount id="CDFA41EBFF95D078BE170694D5B517D5" box="[1076,1156,1244,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="adult">8 adult</specimenCount>
females. The head is longer than wider and much narrower than the body in females, while males have the head somewhat wider than the body. Snout round in dorsal and lateral view. Prominent nares situated much closer to the end of the snout than to the eye, only visible in front and ventral view (not dorsal), ovoid form and directed posterolaterally. 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF95D078BE7A0734D41B16B6" box="[1113,1322,1404,1429]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Canthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostralis">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF95D078BE7A0734D41B16B6" box="[1113,1322,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Canthus rostralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rounded, loreal region flat, vertical and weakly concave. Interorbital distance flat and wider than the width of the superior eyelid. Eye large and prominent with a maximum diameter of 12.9% (average) of the snout vent length, pupil horizontally elliptical. Distance between the nares and the eye between 58.82–62.06% of the diameter of the eye in adults (
<tableCitation id="967EBFD9FF95D078BB5F040CD0E4157D" box="[380,469,1604,1630]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[264,352,407,431]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of the male and female of Dendrobates dorisswansoni in mm*. Measurem Males Females" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Table 3</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="967EBFD9FF95D078B833040CD313157D" box="[528,546,1604,1630]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,352,483,507]" captionText="TABLE 4. Proportions and variability in the measurements of Dendrobates dorisswansoni sensu Myers et al. (1984)." pageId="10" pageNumber="49">4</tableCitation>
). Tympanum and tympanic ring obscured and covered by skin in the posterodorsal region, ovoid and directed anteroventrally, with a maximum diameter taken diagonally, or in other words, at an anteroposterior angle, is 39.1% of the diameter of the eye. Supratympanic fold absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF95D079BB1B04ACD31A127D" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
Postrictal tubercle absent; rounded choanae, not visible in ventral view, as they are completely covered by the maxillary arch. Vomerine, maxillary and premaxillary teeth absent. Tongue elongated, almost two times longer than wider, the posterior margin not indented and posterior third not adhered to floor of mouth. Median lingual process absent (
<emphasis id="E9885670FF94D079BB31030CD062127E" box="[274,339,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF94D079BB79030CD32F127D" author="Grant, T. &amp; Humphrey, E. C. &amp; Myers, C. W." box="[346,542,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref6327" refString="Grant, T., Humphrey, E. C. &amp; Myers, C. W. (1997) The medial lingual process of frogs: a bizarre character of the old world ranoids discovered in South American dendrobatids. American Museum Novitates, 3212, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1997">
Grant 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF94D079BB87030CD0E9127E" box="[420,472,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8F83DAEAFF94D079BB2B03DFD3EE12CB" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" startId="11.[264,352,407,431]">
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF94D079BB2B03DFD3EE12CB" blockId="11.[264,1312,407,1325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF94D079BB2B03DFD04B128C" bold="true" box="[264,378,407,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Measurements of the male and female of 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF94D079B91F03D0D554128C" authorityName="Rueda-Almonacid &amp; Rada &amp; Sánchez- Pacheco &amp; Velásquez-Álvarez &amp; Quevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[828,1125,408,431]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF94D079B91F03D0D554128C" box="[828,1125,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Dendrobates dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in mm*. Measurem Males Females
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF94D079BB3303BCD587108E" blockId="11.[264,1312,407,1325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
ents MUJ MUJ MUJ ICN MUJ MUJ MUJ MUJ CZUT­ CZUT­ CZUT 
<uuid id="AF5AB0B7FF94D079BBB60051D286110D" box="[405,951,537,558]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">5023 5019 5021 53279 5022 5025 5020</uuid>
5024 A 204 A 206 ­A 207 SVL 16,28 16,9 17,1 18,04 17,55 19,43 18,23 17,54 17,75 17,6 17,71 TL 8,08 7,99 8,47 8,3 7,82 8,08 8,14 8,39 7,83 8,03 8,25 MBW 5,55 5,52 5,62 7,35 6,93 7,48 6,55 6,5 6,35 6,25 6,23 HW 5,78 5,81 5,93 6,05 5,94 5,8 5,14 5,47 5,66 5,54 5,65 IOD 2,11 2,1 2,25 2,19 2,22 2,9 2 2,43 2,26 2,25 2,24 CL 4,24 4,43 4,48 4,68 4,44 4,21 4,32 4,48 4,09 4,02 4,25 ST­CN 0,62 0,63 0,44 0,68 0,82 0,88 0,8 0,64 0,53 0,64 0,61 CN­E 1,34 1,45 1,52 1,37 1,43 1,47 1,44 1,48 1,53 1,5 1,51 IND 2,63 2,31 2,57 2,34 2,45 2,53 2,41 2,48 2,54 2,42
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF94D079BB330189D5D7160E" blockId="11.[264,1312,407,1325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">ED 2,38 2,38 2,2 2,04 2,39 2,61 2,36 2,49 2,01 2,1 2,39 DT 1,09 1,03 0,89 1,09 0,98 0,87 0,75 0,73 0,95 0,91 1,08 MC­T 0,65 0,71 0,6 0,58 0,58 0,53 0,62 0,48 0,67 0,61 0,77 HL ­ 4,34 4,52 4,52 4,16 4,22 4,12 ­ 4,1 4,71 4,41 DcW­IIIf 0,75 0,68 0,69 0,6 0,63 0,6 0,59 0,57 0,52 0,53 ­ W­IIIf 0,4 0,38 0,36 0,44 0,4 0,43 0,42 0,41 0,44 0,39 ­ DcW­IIIt 0,44 0,42 0,48 0,48 0,5 0,52 0,55 0,45 0,5 0,43 ­ DcW­IVt 0,45 0,54 0,51 0,44 0,4 0,51 0,66 0,52 0,45 ­ ­ W­IVt 0,41 0,38 0,46 0,42 0,38 0,41 0,4 0,39 0,39 ­ ­</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF94D079BB2B071FD2DD1508" blockId="11.[264,1322,1367,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">*The abbreviations used are: SVL (snout­vent length), TL (tibia length), MBW (maximum body width), HW (head width), IOD (interorbital distance), CL (cephalic length), ST­CN (Snout tip— center of nare), CN­E (center of nare—edge eye), IND (internare distance), ED (eye diameter), DT (diameter of tympanum), MC­T (mouth corner­lower edge of tympanic ring), HL (hand length), DcW­IIIf (disc width on third finger), W­IIIf (width third finger), DcW­IIIt (disc width on third toe), DcW­IVt (disc width on fourth toe), W­IVt (width of fourth toe)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF94D07EBB1B0429D317128D" blockId="11.[264,1323,1633,1899]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1322,284,430]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
Hand relatively large, with a length equal to 23.45–26.43% of the snout vent length. The relative length of the fingers in increasing order of size is I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III; the tip of the IV digit reaches the middle of the second to last phalange of the third digit and the distal extreme of the first digit does not reach the base of the disc of the second digit. Discs moderately expanded on all the digits of the hand with the distal edge truncated or undulated with the exception of the first digit, which is rounded. Outer metacarpal tubercle large, somewhat flat and rounded, located in the lower middle of the palm, internal metacarpal tubercle rounded and located at the base of the pollex. Paired dorsal pads on dorsal surfaces of the discs present. Basal subarticular tubercle rounded and flat over the fingers I and II, and two subarticular tubercles rounded and flattened over the III and IV digits (
<figureCitation id="43C796E7FF93D07EBB9303DCD327128D" box="[432,534,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[482,1116,984,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-240@5.[481,1117,966,1827]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ventral view of hand of Dendrobates dorisswansoni (ICN 53279). Scale = 1 mm." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8F83DAEAFF93D07EBB2B03ABD0EF1106" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" startId="12.[264,352,483,507]">
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF93D07EBB2B03ABD0EF1106" blockId="12.[264,1322,483,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF93D07EBB2B03ABD04C12D8" bold="true" box="[264,381,483,507]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Proportions and variability in the measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF93D07EB99903ACD0E71107" authority="sensu Myers et al. (1984)" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1984" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF93D07EB99903ACD41B12D8" box="[954,1322,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Dendrobates dorisswansoni sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF93D07EBB2B0045D0E71107" author="Myers, C. W. &amp; Daly, J. W. &amp; Martinez, V." box="[264,470,525,548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6720" refString="Myers, C. W., Daly, J. W. &amp; Martinez, V. (1984) An arboreal frog (Dendrobates) from Western Panama. American Museum Novitates, 2783, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">
Myers 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF93D07EBB700045D0B81107" box="[339,393,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(1984)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF93D07EBB33000ED5D1117E" blockId="12.[264,1322,483,1203]" box="[272,1248,582,605]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Measurements Gender N Average +/­ Standard deviation RANGE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF93D07EBB330039D5D8177E" blockId="12.[264,1322,483,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">SVL Males 3 16,76 0,43 16,28­17,1 Females 8 17,98 0,63 17,54­19,43 TL/SVL Males 3 0,49 0,60 0,47­0,49 Females 8 0,45 0,33 0,42­0,48 HW/SVL Males 3 0,35 0,19 0,34­0,35 Females 8 0,31 0,46 0,28­0,34 CN­E /DE Males 3 0,62 0,90 1,54­1,74 Females 8 0,64 0,23 1,31­1,75 DcW­IIIf / W­IIIf Males 3 1,87 2,00 1,79­1,92 Females 7 1,38 2,00 1,18­1,41 HL/SVL Males 2 0,26 0,30 0,25­0,26 Females 7 0,24 0,36 0,22­0,27</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF93D07EBB330639D5DB1790" blockId="12.[264,1322,483,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">HL / HW Males 2 0,76 1,62 0,75­0,76 Females 7 0,76 0,79 0,70­0,80</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF93D07EBB1B074FD2E616E2" blockId="12.[264,1323,1287,1873]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<materialsCitation id="6B94803FFF93D07EBB1B074FD2E316E2" collectionCode="IV, III, V" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1">
Hind limbs relatively short, when these are extended forward along the body the heel reaches the center of the eye; when the thigh is flexed perpendicular to the sagittal line and the legs are extended backwards, the heels barely overlap. The relative length of the toes is 
<collectionCode id="BDED12A7FF93D07EBB2B0737D01916BA" box="[264,296,1407,1433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">IV</collectionCode>
&gt; 
<collectionCode id="BDED12A7FF93D07EBB1A0737D06916BA" box="[313,344,1407,1433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">III</collectionCode>
&gt; 
<collectionCode id="BDED12A7FF93D07EBB440737D04C16BA" box="[359,381,1407,1433]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&gt;II. First toe totally reduced and fused to the second in 
<specimenCount id="CDFA41EBFF93D07EBE3E0737D5FD16BA" box="[1053,1228,1407,1433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
or with the disc barely visible in the remaining specimens (
<figureCitation id="43C796E7FF93D07EB94207EFD2F616E2" box="[865,967,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[421,1179,325,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-179@8.[401,1196,306,1398]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral view of the foot in Dendrobates dorisswansoni (ICN 53279), showing the variation, reduction and fusion of the first toe with the second (MUJ 5020). Scale = 1mm." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Figure 5</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF93D07EBB1B0787D34F15FA" blockId="12.[264,1323,1287,1873]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Discs of the toes much smaller than the hand, rounded, slightly wider than the digits. Toe II with a basal, subarticular tubercle not protuberant, toes III and V with two subarticular tubercles and toe IV with three subarticular tubercles. Supernumerary plantar tubercles absent. Web toe formula absent. External metatarsal tubercle protuberant, elongated, flattened and smaller than the inner metatarsal tubercle, which is conical. A small and slight tarsal fold over the inner edge of the third distal of the tarsus. Skin of the back, belly and flank is smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF93D07FBB1B04AED0C712A5" blockId="12.[264,1323,1287,1873]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF93D07EBB1B04AED0FE1423" bold="true" box="[312,463,1766,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Color in life</emphasis>
: Body with coloration pattern of irregular red or yellow­orange blotches on a background of dark brown or black over the back, the limbs are black or sepia and can have (or not) round, red or dark red spots. The throat, chest, and the upper half of the belly are like the back (red blotches on a dark background). Invariably all individuals present a bright red band over the upper lip, which extends from the tip of the snout to the base of insertion of the arm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07FBB1B03DBD27712DD" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB1B03DBD3CA128E" bold="true" box="[312,763,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Color in preservative (ethanol 70%)</emphasis>
: The surfaces that are red in life become white, the dark portions (brown or black) maintain their color or become slightly paler. Males with testes uniform dark brown. Eggs are brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07FBB1B0043D0E111E5" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB1B0043D3011106" bold="true" box="[312,560,523,549]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Sexual Dimorphism</emphasis>
: Among the most notable characteristics to differentiate adult 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FBF2D0044D080116E" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBF2D0044D4121106" box="[1294,1315,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB2B007CD080116E" box="[264,433,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males from females are the following: the presence of vocal slits, smaller body size and wider disc on the third finger. According to the measurements taken males have a cephalic width slightly larger than the abdominal width and have thinner bodies than the females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93E6D9E9FF92D07FBB1B009CD55A164D" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07FBB1B009CD3EB1035" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB1B009CD0E011CD" bold="true" box="[312,465,724,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Distribution</emphasis>
: Species known in the cloud forests of the northern cordillera Central, in the departamento de 
<collectingRegion id="19384480FF92D07FBBDE00B4D3621035" box="[509,595,764,790]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Tolima</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A3EBCAF2FF92D07FB87D00B4D3E41035" box="[606,725,764,790]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07FBB1B016CD24A10FD" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB1B016CD332101D" bold="true" box="[312,515,804,830]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Natural History</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FB835016CD250101E" box="[534,865,804,829]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FB835016CD250101E" box="[534,865,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Dendrobates dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a relatively abundant species on the forest floor when the typical series was captured and despite its small size it is easily observable in daytime hours and/or often hidden in bromeliads located 1.5– 
<quantity id="1C042787FF92D07FBE9F013CD5D310AD" box="[1212,1250,884,910]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
high. Some of the females in the 
<typeStatus id="044734C0FF92D07FB86B01D4D34B1095" box="[584,634,924,950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
series possess 5 or 
<specimenCount id="CDFA41EBFF92D07FB94301D4D29A1095" box="[864,939,924,950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="egg">6 eggs</specimenCount>
in each ovary. These are brown and have a diameter of approximately 1.96–2.08 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07FBB1B01A4D31F17ED" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
In the 
<typeStatus id="044734C0FF92D07FBBA001A4D0841725" box="[387,437,1004,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality, the landscape is dominated by two kinds of habitat: cattle pastures and small patches of native forest surrounded by crops. The majority of water bodies are covered by secondary vegetation where the canopy reaches 10 or 
<quantity id="1C042787FF92D07FBE240674D5751775" box="[1031,1092,1084,1110]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
, with trees of 
<quantity id="1C042787FF92D07FBECA0674D41B1775" box="[1257,1322,1084,1110]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4m</quantity>
below and abundant heliconias and ferns in the underbrush. The ground is wet sand covered with a thick layer of decomposing organic material. Some areas of the forest are recovering from logging.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07FBB1B0694D55A164D" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
According to the Holdridge Life Zones (1967), the 
<typeStatus id="044734C0FF92D07FB9FF0694D53F17D5" box="[988,1038,1244,1270]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality is located in premontane wet forest (bh­PM), with the following climatic characteristics: annual temperature between 12–18 °C, precipitation between 1000 and 
<quantity id="1C042787FF92D07FBE3E0764D5A31665" box="[1053,1170,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2000.0">2000 mm</quantity>
/year, with a bimodal seasonal pattern of precipitation, and dense fog frequently forms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93E6D9E9FF92D07CBB1B0734D28311BD" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07FBB1B0734D06515DD" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB1B0734D0F916B5" bold="true" box="[312,456,1404,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Comments:</emphasis>
The taxonomic classification of dendrobatids has experienced many changes and corrections in nomenclature in the last 25 years as a result of the use of molecular analysis technique, analysis of alkaloids produced by their skin and the use of mitochondrial DNA sequencing (
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF92D07FB8AE07BCD214152D" author="Myers, C. W." box="[653,805,1524,1550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="301 - 306" refId="ref6532" refString="Myers, C. W. (1987) New generic names for some neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). Papeis Avulsos Zooogial. Sao. Paulo, 36, 301 - 306." type="journal article" year="1987">Myers, 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF92D07FB91207BCD51A152D" author="Myers, C. W. &amp; Daly, J. W." box="[817,1067,1524,1550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="173 - 262" refId="ref6567" refString="Myers, C. W. &amp; Daly, J. W. (1976 a) Preliminary evaluation of skin toxins and vocalizations in taxonomic and evolutionary studies of poison-dart frogs (Dendrobatidae). American Museum Natural History Bulletin, 157 (3), 173 - 262." type="journal article" year="1976">Myers &amp; Daly 1976a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF92D07FBE1407BCD5B2152D" author="Myers, C. W. &amp; Daly, J. W." box="[1079,1155,1524,1550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref6618" refString="Myers, C. W. &amp; Daly, J. W. (1976 b) A new species of poison frog (Dendrobates), from Andean Ecuador, including an analysis of its skin toxins. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History. University of Kansas, 59, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1976">1976b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF92D07FBEAC07BCD5FC152D" author="Myers, C. W. &amp; Daly, J. W." box="[1167,1229,1524,1550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref6676" refString="Myers, C. W. &amp; Daly, J. W. (1980) Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. American Museum. Novitates, 2692, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF92D07FBEFA07BCD0B11515" author="Vences, M. &amp; Kosuch, J. &amp; Lotters, S. &amp; Widmer, A. &amp; Jungfer, K-H. &amp; Koler J. &amp; Veith, M." pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="34 - 40" refId="ref6823" refString="Vences, M., Kosuch, J., Lotters, S., Widmer, A., Jungfer, K-H., Koler J., Veith, M. (2000) Phylogeny and classification of poison frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae), based of mitochondrial 16 S and 12 S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and evolution, 15 (1), 34 - 40." type="journal article" year="2000">
Vences 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB2B0454D00A1516" box="[264,315,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF92D07FBBAF0454D0FA1515" author="Vences, M. &amp; Kosuch, J. &amp; Boistel, R. &amp; Haddad, C. &amp; La Marca, E. &amp; Lotters, S. &amp; Veith, M." box="[396,459,1564,1590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="215 - 226" refId="ref6898" refString="Vences, M., Kosuch, J., Boistel, R., Haddad, C., La Marca, E., Lotters, S. &amp; Veith, M. (2003) Convergent evolution of aposematic coloration in neotropical poison frogs: a molecular phylogenetic perspective. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 3, 215 - 226." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
). A new proposal regarding the phylogeny and classification of the family 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FBB2B040CD085157D" box="[264,436,1604,1630]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dendrobatidae</taxonomicName>
is being developed by Taran Grant and colleagues at the American Museum of Natural History. Currently, 10 genera and over 186 species are recognized within this family, of which, 73 species are found in 
<collectingCountry id="A3EBCAF2FF92D07FB9E804DCD573158D" box="[971,1090,1684,1710]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, distributed as 47 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FBB2B04F4D0A315F6" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[264,402,1724,1749]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBB2B04F4D0A315F6" box="[264,402,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Colostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 14 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FBBF704F4D35B15F6" box="[468,618,1724,1749]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBBF704F4D35B15F6" box="[468,618,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Dendrobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 8 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FB8BD04F4D20C15F6" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1987" box="[670,829,1724,1749]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Epipedobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FB8BD04F4D20C15F6" box="[670,829,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Epipedobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FB95204F4D2CA15F6" box="[881,1019,1724,1749]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FB95204F4D2CA15F6" box="[881,1019,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Phyllobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 1 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF92D07FBE4304F4D07E15DD" authority="(Frost, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Frost" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF92D07FBE4304F4D5FF15F6" box="[1120,1230,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Allobates</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF92D07FBEC604F4D07615DD" author="Frost, D. R." pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refId="ref6263" refString="Frost, D. R. (2006) Amphibian Species of the world: an Online Reference. Version 3. 0. Electronic Data base accessible at http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed 13 February 2006)." type="url" year="2006">Frost, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF92D07CBB1B0544D59412F5" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1323,284,670]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
Of all the dendrobatids currently described and recognized, none has been associated with the reduction and loss of one of the phalanges of the toe and/or the fusion of the first toe with the second. This evolutionary tendency, which has appeared independently in no fewer than 8 genera of anurans and 33 genera of salamanders (
<bibRefCitation id="BF6DF793FF91D07CBE2A030CD42C127D" author="Alberch, P. &amp; Gale, E. A." box="[1033,1309,324,350]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="8 - 23" refId="ref6228" refString="Alberch, P. &amp; Gale, E. A. (1985) A developmental analysis of an evolutionary trend: Digital reduction in amphibians. Evolution, 39, 8 - 23." type="journal article" year="1985">Alberch &amp; Gale, 1985</bibRefCitation>
), follows a defined pattern, which always occurs in anurans that have lost a phalange, of the reduction and loss of the first toe, as has occurred in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF91D07CB95103DCD549128E" authorityName="Ruthven" authorityYear="1915" box="[882,1144,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Geobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CB95103DCD549128E" box="[882,1144,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Geobatrachus walkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF91D07CBEA503DCD0A312F6" authorityName="Lynch &amp; Ruiz-Carranza" authorityYear="1982" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Atopophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syntomopus">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CBEA503DCD0A312F6" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Atopophrynus syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF91D07CBB8203F4D35C12F6" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1973" box="[417,621,444,469]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Syncope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CBB8203F4D35C12F6" box="[417,621,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Syncope antenori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF91D07CB88503F4D20512F6" authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="1975" box="[678,820,444,470]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Syncope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CB88503F4D38512F6" box="[678,692,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CB8E703F4D20512F6" box="[708,820,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the species described here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB438A62FF91D07CBB1B03ACD28311BD" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
The particular modification of the toe morphology in 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF91D07CB99A03ACD5C612DE" box="[953,1271,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CB99A03ACD5C612DE" box="[953,1271,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Dendrobates daleswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF91D07CBB2B0044D0E81106" box="[264,473,524,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansoni">
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CBB2B0044D02C1106" box="[264,285,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9885670FF91D07CBB130044D0E81106" box="[304,473,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">dorisswansoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a exceptional feature and could be a cause to create a new genus within the 
<taxonomicName id="1CFCF1E1FF91D07CBBB7007CD371116D" box="[404,576,564,590]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dendrobatidae</taxonomicName>
family, however, we have refrained from adopting such a decision, waiting for anatomical and molecular study in order to clarify the taxonomic position and the phylogenetic relationships of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>