762 lines
82 KiB
XML
762 lines
82 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="13842054A074C0EE12F225008CA2637B">The dog-faced water snakes, a revision of the genus Cerberus Cuvier, (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33F8ED68F82F8D783A75BC3429BBBD06">Murphy, John C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FA928D96493E090C9BCBD63303434E86">Voris, Harold K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="331048AC21B1AB4FA6CF9408D94DF9CE">Karns, Daryl R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8E044681B4F9A5440BE9E96F0EA1642A">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA37648F646CBE4A67BB008E0387A10A">3484</mods:number>
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60FD87FEB39833" bold="true" box="[151,373,597,623]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
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(Gray)
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60FD6BFEB79893" box="[151,369,697,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Homalopsis australis</emphasis>
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:65
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.
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Locality: Port Essington N.T. (~
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)
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.
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: BMNH 1946.1.2.40.
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60FD25FE9F9951" box="[151,345,759,781]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
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—
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:65
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FDE2FD24FD729950" author="Krefft" box="[533,692,758,780]" page="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1869">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FDE2FD24FD539950" author="Krefft" box="[533,661,758,780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Krefft, G. (1869) The Snakes of Australia; Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of all the Known Species. Thomas Richards, Sydney, 100 pp." type="book" year="1869">Krefft 1869</bibRefCitation>
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:22
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FD34FD24FC4B9950" author="Boulenger" box="[707,909,758,780]" page="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FD34FD24FCB79950" author="Boulenger" box="[707,881,758,780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum. Volume 3. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 727 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
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:18
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FC6AFD24FB999950" author="Kinghorn" box="[925,1119,758,780]" page="74" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FC6AFD24FB879950" author="Kinghorn" box="[925,1089,758,780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kinghorn, J. R. (1926) A new genus of sea snake and other reptiles collected by H. M. A. S. ' Geranium' during a cruise to northern Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1926, 71 - 74." type="proceedings paper" year="1926">Kinghorn 1926</bibRefCitation>
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:74
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FB98FD24FAEA9950" author="Kopstein" box="[1135,1324,758,780]" page="90" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FB98FD24FACB9950" author="Kopstein" box="[1135,1293,758,780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kopstein, F. (1926) V. Reptilien von der Molukken und den benach-barten Inseln. Zoologische Mededelingen, 9, 71 - 122." type="journal article" year="1926">Kopstein 1926</bibRefCitation>
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:90
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FACCFD24FEDB9976" author="Kinghorn" page="90" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FACCFD24FF389976" author="Kinghorn" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kinghorn, J. R. (1929) The Snakes of Australia. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1929">Kinghorn 1929</bibRefCitation>
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:90
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FED0FCC4FE109977" author="Barrett" box="[295,470,789,811]" page="113" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FED0FCC4FE6D9977" author="Barrett" box="[295,427,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Barrett, C. (1950) Reptiles of Australia, Crocodiles, Snakes and Lizards. Cassell and Co. Ltd., Sydney, 168 pp." type="book" year="1950">Barrett 1950</bibRefCitation>
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:113
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FE17FCC7FD4F9977" author="Glauert" box="[480,649,789,811]" page="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FE17FCC7FDAC9977" author="Glauert" box="[480,618,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Glauert, L. (1950) A Handbook of the Snakes of Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalists Club, Perth, 50 pp." type="book" year="1950">Glauert 1950</bibRefCitation>
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:20
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FD64FCC7FC979977" author="Kinghorn" box="[659,849,789,811]" page="90" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FD64FCC7FCF49977" author="Kinghorn" box="[659,818,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kinghorn, J. R. (1956) The Snakes of Australia. 2 nd Edition. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 197 pp." type="book" year="1956">Kinghorn 1956</bibRefCitation>
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:90
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FCACFCC4FBFC9976" author="Karns" box="[859,1082,789,811]" page="391" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FCACFCC4FBD69976" author="Karns" box="[859,1040,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Karns, D. R., O'Bannon, A., Voris, H. K. & Weight, L. A. (2000) Biogeographical implications of mitochondrial DNA variation in the bockadam snake (Cerberus rynchops, Serpentes: Homalopsinae) in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="2000">
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Karns
|
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FC69FCC4FC0D9977" box="[926,971,789,811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
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. 2000
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:391
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FBB2FCC7FA899976" author="Wilson" box="[1093,1359,789,811]" page="384" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FBB2FCC7FAE59976" author="Wilson" box="[1093,1315,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Wilson, S. & Swan, G. (2003) Reptiles of Australia. Princeton Field Guide Series. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 480 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson & Swan 2003</bibRefCitation>
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:384
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FAADFCC7FEB69915" author="Alfaro" page="1277" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FAADFCC7FEFE9915" author="Alfaro" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H K., Abernathy, E. & Sellins, S. L. (2004) Phylogeny of Cerberus (Serpentes: Homalopsinae) and phylogeny of Cerberus rynchops: diversification of a coastal marine snake in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1277 - 1292." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Alfaro
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF30FCE7FF3C9916" box="[199,250,820,842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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:1277
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FE8EFCE1FDE19915" author="Murphy" box="[377,551,819,841]" page="65" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FE8EFCE1FDCF9915" author="Murphy" box="[377,521,819,841]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Murphy, J. C. (2007) Homalopsid Snakes, Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, 249 pp." type="book" year="2007">Murphy 2007</bibRefCitation>
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:65
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FDC6FCE1FCD39915" author="Alfaro" box="[561,789,819,842]" page="576" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FDC6FCE1FD2C9915" author="Alfaro" box="[561,746,819,842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H. K., Brock, C. D. & Stuart, B. L. (2008) Phylogeny, evolutionary history, and biogeography of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubroidea: Homalopsidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 576 - 593." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Alfaro
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FD8DFCE7FD609916" box="[634,678,820,842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
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. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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:576
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FF60FC80FE9D9934" ID-CoL="SQWD" box="[151,347,850,872]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60FC80FE9D9934" box="[151,347,850,872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus rynchops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FE82FC80FD8C9934" author="Boulenger" box="[373,586,850,872]" page="375" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1890">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FE82FC80FDD89934" author="Boulenger" box="[373,542,850,872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1890) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor and Francis, London, 541 pp." type="book" year="1890">Boulenger 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:375
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FDA1FC80FCEB9934" author="Thompson" box="[598,813,850,872]" page="394" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1914">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FDA1FC80FCC79934" author="Thompson" box="[598,769,850,872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Thompson, J. C. (1914) Further contributions to the anatomy of the Ophidia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1914, 379 - 402." type="proceedings paper" year="1914">Thompson 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:394
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FCCCFC81FC6A9934" author="Gow" box="[827,940,850,872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Gow, G. (1977) Snakes of the Darwin Area. Museums and Art Galleries Board of the Northern Territory, Darwin, 29 pp." type="book" year="1977">Gow 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:pl. 5;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FC18FC80FB499934" author="Parker" box="[1007,1167,850,872]" page="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FC18FC80FBB59934" author="Parker" box="[1007,1139,850,872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Parker, F. (1982) The snakes of Western Province. Wildlife in Papua New Guinea 82 / 1. Division of Wildlife, Konedobu, 78 pp." type="book" year="1982">Parker 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:11
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FB6BFC80FA5E9934" author="Whitaker" box="[1180,1432,850,872]" page="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FB6BFC80FABF9934" author="Whitaker" box="[1180,1401,850,872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Whitaker, R., Whitaker, Z. & Mills, D. (1982) Reptiles of Papua New Guinea. Wildlife in Papua New Guinea. Division of Wildlife, Konedobu, 53 pp." type="book" year="1982">
|
||
Whitaker
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FAF4FC81FAF49934" box="[1283,1330,850,872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:50
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FF30FCA0FE7599DB" author="Cogger" box="[199,435,881,903]" page="210" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FF30FCA0FE4099DB" author="Cogger" box="[199,390,881,903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Cogger, H. G., Cameron, E. E. & Cogger, H. M. (1983) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Australia Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 313 pp." type="book" year="1983">
|
||
Cogger
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FEEFFCA0FE8599DB" box="[280,323,881,903]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:210
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FE4AFCA3FD2F99DB" author="Wilson" box="[445,745,881,903]" page="702" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FE4AFCA3FD7D99DB" author="Wilson" box="[445,699,881,903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Wilson, S. K. & Knowles, D. G. (1988) Australia's Reptiles A Photographic Reference to the Terrestrial Reptiles of Australia. Collins Publishers, Sydney, 447 pp." type="book" year="1988">Wilson & Knowles 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:702
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FD04FCA0FC4799DB" author="Gow" box="[755,897,881,903]" page="76" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1989">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FD04FCA0FCA499DB" author="Gow" box="[755,866,881,903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Gow, G. (1989) Graeme Gow's Complete Guide to Australian Snakes. Angus & Robertson Publishers, North Ryde, 171 pp." type="book" year="1989">Gow 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:76
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FC7CFCA3FBFF99DB" author="Shine" box="[907,1081,881,903]" page="120" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FC7CFCA3FBCB99DB" author="Shine" box="[907,1037,881,903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Shine, R. (1991 a) Strangers in a strange land: ecology of the Australian colubrid snakes. Copeia, 1991, 120 - 131." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Shine 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:120
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FBB4FCA3FB2399DB" author="Shine" box="[1091,1253,881,903]" page="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FBB4FCA3FB0E99DB" author="Shine" box="[1091,1224,881,903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Shine, R. (1991 b) Australian Snakes A Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 223 pp." type="book" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">Shine 1991b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:14
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FB07FCA0FA5599DB" author="Greer" box="[1264,1427,882,903]" page="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FB07FCA0FAA199DB" author="Greer" box="[1264,1383,882,903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Greer, A. (1997) The Biology and Evolution of Australian Snakes. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, 358 pp." type="book" year="1997">Greer 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:122
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB5FFE1FF60FC42FBE899FA" blockId="8.[151,1436,697,1025]" box="[151,1070,912,934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB576030FFB5FFE1FF60FC42FBE899FA" box="[151,1070,912,934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FF60FC42FE7199FA" box="[151,439,912,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rynchops" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60FC42FE7199FA" box="[151,439,912,934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus rynchops australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FE26FC42FD6499F9" author="Loveridge" box="[465,674,912,934]" page="389" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1948">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FE26FC42FDB399F9" author="Loveridge" box="[465,629,912,934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Loveridge, A. (1948) New Guinea reptiles and amphibians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and United States National Museum. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 101, 305 - 430." type="journal article" year="1948">Loveridge 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:389
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FD5BFC42FCAC99FA" author="Mitchell" box="[684,874,912,934]" page="376" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1955">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FD5BFC42FCF899FA" author="Mitchell" box="[684,830,912,934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Mitchell, F. J. (1955) Preliminary account of the reptilia and Amphibia collected by the National Geographic Society Commonwealth Government, Smithsonian Institution Expedition to Arnhem Land (April-November, 1948). Records of the South Australian Museum, 11, 373 - 408." type="journal article" year="1955">Mitchell 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:376
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FC82FC42FBEC99FA" author="Worrell" box="[885,1066,912,934]" page="105" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1963">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FC82FC42FC3999FA" author="Worrell" box="[885,1023,912,934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Worrell, E. (1963) Reptiles of Australia. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 207 pp." type="book" year="1963">Worrell 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:105
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB5FFE1FF60FC7DFDD19E5D" blockId="8.[151,1436,697,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB576030FFB5FFE1FF60FC7DFDD19E5D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FF60FC7DFD0E9998" authority="Loveridge 1948:388" authorityName="Loveridge" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,712,942,965]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rynchops" subSpecies="novaeguineae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60FC7DFE289999" box="[151,494,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus rynchops novaeguineae</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FE02FC7CFD0E9998" author="Loveridge" box="[501,712,942,964]" page="388" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1948">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FE02FC7CFD5D9998" author="Loveridge" box="[501,667,942,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Loveridge, A. (1948) New Guinea reptiles and amphibians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and United States National Museum. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 101, 305 - 430." type="journal article" year="1948">Loveridge 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:388
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB5FFE1FD24FC7DFCC39998" box="[723,773,943,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality: Merauke, Dutch New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FBA2FC7CFB679998" box="[1109,1185,942,964]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB5FFE1FB5BFC7DFACB9998" box="[1196,1293,943,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: MCZ 22818, BMNH 1965.642. Collector: P. T. L. Putman. [Placed in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FC47FC1CFBE099BF" box="[944,1062,973,995]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FC47FC1CFBE099BF" box="[944,1062,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FBBDFC1FFB3C99BF" author="Murphy" box="[1098,1274,973,995]" page="65" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FBBDFC1FFB1A99BF" author="Murphy" box="[1098,1244,973,995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Murphy, J. C. (2007) Homalopsid Snakes, Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, 249 pp." type="book" year="2007">Murphy 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:65
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.]
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FAFEFC1FFA5E99BF" author="Gyi" box="[1289,1432,973,995]" page="169" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FAFEFC1FFAAA99BF" author="Gyi" box="[1289,1388,973,995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Gyi, K. K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications. Museum of Natural History, 20, 47 - 223." type="journal article" year="1970">Gyi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:169
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FF30FC3EFE939E5D" author="Gow" box="[199,341,1004,1025]" page="77" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1989">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FF30FC3EFEF39E5D" author="Gow" box="[199,309,1004,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Gow, G. (1989) Graeme Gow's Complete Guide to Australian Snakes. Angus & Robertson Publishers, North Ryde, 171 pp." type="book" year="1989">Gow 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:77
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB5FFE1FEA8FC39FDD59E5D" author="O'Shea" box="[351,531,1003,1025]" page="116" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FEA8FC39FE219E5D" author="O'Shea" box="[351,487,1003,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="O'Shea, M. T. (1996) A Guide to the Snakes of Papua New Guinea. Independent Publishing, Port Moresby, 239 pp." type="book" year="1996">O’Shea 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:116
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB5FFE1FF60FBF5FDBB9E3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB5FFE1FF60FBF5FDBB9E3E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1063,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60FBF5FECB9E1C" bold="true" box="[151,269,1063,1088]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comment</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FEE9FBF5FE0A9E63" author="Murphy" box="[286,460,1063,1087]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Murphy, J. C. (2007) Homalopsid Snakes, Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, 249 pp." type="book" year="2007">Murphy (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FD83FBFAFC019E63" authority="Loveridge" authorityName="Loveridge" box="[628,967,1063,1088]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rynchops" subSpecies="novaeguineae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FD83FBFAFC8D9E1C" box="[628,843,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. r. novaeguineae</emphasis>
|
||
Loveridge
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FBFBFBFAFB579E1C" box="[1036,1169,1064,1088]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FBFBFBFAFB579E1C" box="[1036,1169,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based upon significant shared morphology summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C572A5FFB5FFE1FDD4FB98FDBE9E3E" box="[547,632,1098,1122]" captionStart="TABLE 3. A" captionStartId="10.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1253,241,820]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. A comparison of C. australis and two of the paratypes of C. r. novaeguineae Loveridge suggesting that the two are conspecific." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF381796FFB7FFE3FF60FF4AFEA89A8C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF381796FFB7FFE3FF60FF4AFEA89A8C">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB5FFE1FF30FBBFFB1E9F83" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB5FFE1FF30FBBFFB1E9F83" blockId="8.[151,1437,1063,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF30FBBFFEA69EDA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1133,1158]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FE82FBBFFD8C9ED9" box="[373,586,1133,1157]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FE82FBBFFD8C9ED9" box="[373,586,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits the Sahul Self on the north coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FB93FBBFFB0D9ED9" box="[1124,1227,1133,1157]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
from near Derby, Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FF0EFB5DFEA69EFB" box="[249,352,1167,1191]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FE76FB5DFE1D9EFB" box="[385,475,1167,1191]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-17.25">17°15’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FE15FB5DFD899EFB" box="[482,591,1167,1191]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="123.683334">123°41’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) westward along the north coast to the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FF60FB60FF389E96" box="[151,254,1202,1226]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FEEAFB60FEBE9E96" box="[285,376,1202,1226]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-11.05">11°03’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FE89FB60FE289E96" box="[382,494,1202,1226]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="142.15">142°09’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). The eastern edge of the distribution of this species is uncertain. Wilson and Swan’s (2003) and Cogger’s (2004) distribution maps show it present as far north as the tip of the Cape York Peninsula. The most eastern locality based upon museum specimens is the Edward River (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FBEAFB25FBB09F53" box="[1053,1142,1271,1295]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-14.9">14º54’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FB8BFB25FB209F53" box="[1148,1254,1271,1295]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="141.61667">141º37’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in Queensland. It is also present on the southern coast of New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FD57FAC8FD329F6E" box="[672,756,1306,1330]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB5FFE1FD09FAC8FC729F6E" author="Kopstein" box="[766,948,1306,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kopstein, F. (1926) V. Reptilien von der Molukken und den benach-barten Inseln. Zoologische Mededelingen, 9, 71 - 122." type="journal article" year="1926">Kopstein (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this snake in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FB2DFAC8FA819F6E" box="[1242,1351,1306,1330]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FF42FAECFEFA9F09" box="[181,316,1341,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF42FAECFEFA9F09" box="[181,316,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. rynchops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While this may be based on an aberrant specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FC69FAECFBFD9F09" box="[926,1083,1341,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schneiderii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FC69FAECFBFD9F09" box="[926,1083,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. schneiderii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or confusion of nomenclature, evidence that this Australian snake has colonized the Indonesian Archipelago is based upon a single museum specimen (WAM
|
||
<date id="FFF961DEFFB5FFE1FEA8FA50FE719FC6" box="[351,439,1410,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="20-10-16">101620</date>
|
||
), examined by us which was collected at Waingapu, Sumba
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FB9FFA50FB699FC6" box="[1128,1199,1410,1434]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB5FFE1FB4BFA50FAEF9FC6" box="[1212,1321,1410,1434]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FACEFA50FA5D9FC6" box="[1337,1435,1410,1434]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-10.033334">10º 02’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB5FFE1FF60FA77FECC9FE1" box="[151,266,1445,1469]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="119.76667">119º 46’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). This specimen is the only documentation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FCE1FA74FC5F9FE1" box="[790,921,1445,1469]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FCE1FA74FC5F9FE1" box="[790,921,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
off the Sahul Shelf that we are aware of, and combined with Kopstein’s observations suggests the species has been able to cross Weber’s Line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB5FFE1FF30FA38FC239CA9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB5FFE1FF30FA38FC239CA9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1063,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF30FA38FEFC9C5F" bold="true" box="[199,314,1514,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FEB8FA39FDE69C5F" box="[335,544,1515,1539]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FEB8FA39FDE69C5F" box="[335,544,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other members of the genus by its 23 scales rows (range 21–25) at midbody, imbricate scales on the crown, lack of keeled scales on crown anterior to the angle of the jaw; lack of contact between first labial and loreal; horizontally divided last upper labial; and mottled venter
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FF60F981FEA49C37" box="[151,354,1619,1643]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60F981FEA49C37" box="[151,354,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus dunsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 23 scale rows at mid body, the first labial usually contacts the loreal; and the crown has rounded juxtaposed scales, the venter is a uniform black.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FCD3F9A7FBCC9CD1" box="[804,1034,1653,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FCD3F9A7FBCC9CD1" box="[804,1034,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus microlepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 27–31 scale rows at mid-body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FF60F94AFEA89CEC" box="[151,366,1688,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF60F94AFEA89CEC" box="[151,366,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus rynchops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 25 scale rows at mid body (rarely 23); keeled scales on the crown anterior to the angle of the jaw, and the last two upper labials are horizontally divided.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB5FFE1FC9EF969FB939C8F" box="[873,1109,1723,1747]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schneiderii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FC9EF969FB939C8F" box="[873,1109,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerberus schneiderii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has 23 scale rows at mid-body (rarely 21 or 25), the first upper labial usually contacts the loreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB5FFE3FF30F92DFD759926" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB5FFE1FF30F92DFA5B9DB4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1063,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB5FFE1FF30F92DFEF39D44" bold="true" box="[199,309,1791,1816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. The largest male measured had a total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB5FFE1FC82F92DFC139D4B" box="[885,981,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="665.0">665 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with a
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB5FFE1FBC6F92DFB499D4B" box="[1073,1167,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="117.0">117 mm</quantity>
|
||
tail. The largest female measured had a total length (TL) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB5FFE1FDC5F8F0FD559D66" box="[562,659,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.37" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="737.0">737 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and a
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB5FFE1FD14F8F0FC879D66" box="[739,833,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="106.0">106 mm</quantity>
|
||
tail. Scales in the occipital region of the head and on the neck lack keels. Keels are present on most dorsal rows, except the first one (some individuals may also lack keels, or have very weak keels on scale rows 2 through 4). The loreal is usually single, rarely double; usually not in contact with the subocular (75%). Most (82%) specimens have the preocular scale in contact with the upper labials 3-5; however, the preocular scale did not contact the upper labials in all (n=3) of the specimens from the Edward River, Queensland population we examined (this same population also showed a horizontally divided postocular).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB4FFE0FF60FF45FE8298A1" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,765]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
These character states were also seen in specimens from other populations. Upper labials 2–4 contact the loreal; the upper labial under the orbit of the eye (and subocular scales) is usually 5 (64%), or 5–6 (25%), rarely are they 4, 4+5, or 6. The posterior upper labials are horizontally divided; the first divided upper labial ranged from 5 to 8, with 7 (54%) and 8 (39%) being the most frequent in 28 sides examined. The number of divided upper labials posterior to the eye ranges from 1–3, with one being the most frequent (39%), and 2 being the second most frequent (32%). Lower labials in contact with the anterior pair of chin shields 1–3 (11%) or 1–4 (89%) in 28 sides examined. Largest remaining fragment of the frontal scale usually longer than the supraocular; it was shorter than the supraocular in two (14%) specimens (SAM 2260, SAM 6651). The nasal cleft usually touches the second upper labial (82% of 28 sides), occasionally the first upper labial (14% of 28 sides), and rarely the loreal (3% of 28 sides). The internasal contacts the loreal in 57% of the 28 sides examined. Scale rows at midbody are usually 23 (71%) or 25 (21%), rarely 21 (8%). Two primary temporal scales vary greatly in size and shape. However, of 28 sides examined the dorsal scale was larger than the ventral scale in 27 (96%) instances. Three pairs of chin shields present in 11 (79%) specimens, two pairs of chin shields present in 3 (21%) specimens. Ventral scales in males 146–154 (n=5) and in females 142–153 (n=9). The divided subcaudal scales numbered
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB4FFE0FB8FFD88FB1A982E" box="[1144,1244,602,626]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3969999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4478" metricValueMin="1.3462" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="55.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="53.0">53–57 in</quantity>
|
||
males (n=5) and 47–51 (n=9) in females. The pattern is usually distinct; eye stripes were present in six specimens examined and absent in eight specimens; dorsum is gray with irregular dark cross bands or bars 2–3 scales long; these may be expressed as spots. Lateral blotches involving scale rows 1–3 have that pigment fused with darker pigment on the ventral surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF381796FFB4FFE0FF60F89BFA5F9D3C" box="[151,1433,1865,1888]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282381/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[176,1419,803,1854]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB4FFE0FF60F89BFA5F9D3C" blockId="9.[151,1433,1865,1888]" box="[151,1433,1865,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB4FFE0FF60F89BFED49D03" bold="true" box="[151,274,1865,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
The Australian Bockadam,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB4FFE0FDD7F898FD159D3C" box="[544,723,1866,1888]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB4FFE0FDD7F898FD159D3C" box="[544,723,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two color morphs from the Northern Territory, vicinity of Darwin. JCM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB4FFE0FF30F843FAF99DAD" blockId="9.[151,1436,1936,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB4FFE0FF30F843FE5D9DF5" box="[199,411,1937,1961]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB4FFE0FF30F843FE5D9DF5" box="[199,411,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has several color and pattern morphs, individuals can be: a uniform red or gray or have partial transverse bands that may alternate sides, a mid-dorsal row of spots that may extend onto the tail; many specimens have a postocular stripe. The venter may be cream, yellow or salmon with mottling or blotches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF381796FFB7FFE3FF60FF4AFEA89A8C" ID-Table-UUID="DF381796FFB7FFE3FF60FF4AFEA89A8C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF381796FFB7FFE3FF60FF4AFEA89A8C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1253,241,820]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF60FF4AFEA89A8C" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,208]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF60FF4AFECD9AEC" bold="true" box="[151,267,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
A comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FE26FF4BFD969AEC" box="[465,592,153,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FE26FF4BFD969AEC" box="[465,592,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two of the paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FC7EFF4BFB0C9AF3" authority="Loveridge" authorityName="Loveridge" box="[905,1226,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rynchops" subSpecies="novaeguineae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FC7EFF4BFB929AEC" box="[905,1108,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. r. novaeguineae</emphasis>
|
||
Loveridge
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggesting that the two are conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF52FF23FF339968" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table id="F947B5BEFFB70016FF60FF23FB239968" box="[151,1253,241,820]" gridcols="3" gridrows="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FF23FB239B5B" box="[151,1253,241,263]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FF23FE289B5B" box="[151,494,241,263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Characteristics</th>
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FF23FC0F9B5B" box="[880,969,241,263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FC87FF23FC0F9B5B" box="[880,969,241,263]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FC87FF23FC0F9B5B" box="[880,969,241,263]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFF23FB239B5B" box="[1113,1253,241,263]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FBAEFF20FB239B5B" box="[1113,1253,242,263]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">novaeguineae</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FECFFB239B6F" box="[151,1253,285,307]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FECFFE289B6F" box="[151,494,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N= (m/f)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FECFFC0F9B6F" box="[880,969,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5/9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFECFFB239B6F" box="[1113,1253,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FE9BFB239B03" box="[151,1253,329,351]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FE9BFE289B03" box="[151,494,329,351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Midbody dorsal scale rows</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FE9BFC0F9B03" box="[880,969,329,351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">21–25</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFE9BFB239B03" box="[1113,1253,329,351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">21–23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FEA7FB239BD7" box="[151,1253,373,395]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FEA7FE289BD7" box="[151,494,373,395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ventrals males</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FEA7FC0F9BD7" box="[880,969,373,395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">146–154</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFEA7FB239BD7" box="[1113,1253,373,395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">153</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FE73FB239BEB" box="[151,1253,417,439]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FE73FE289BEB" box="[151,494,417,439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ventrals females</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FE73FC0F9BEB" box="[880,969,417,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">142–151</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFE73FB239BEB" box="[1113,1253,417,439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">150</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FE1FFB239BBF" box="[151,1253,461,483]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FE1FFE289BBF" box="[151,494,461,483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Subcaudals males</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FE1FFC0F9BBF" box="[880,969,461,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">53–57</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFE1FFB239BBF" box="[1113,1253,461,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">46+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FE2BFB239853" box="[151,1253,505,527]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FE2BFE289853" box="[151,494,505,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Subcaudal females</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FE2BFC0F9853" box="[880,969,505,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">47–51</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFE2BFB239853" box="[1113,1253,505,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">43+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FDF7FB239867" box="[151,1253,549,571]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FDF7FE289867" box="[151,494,549,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Labials contacting the loreal</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FDF7FC0F9867" box="[880,969,549,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFDF7FB239867" box="[1113,1253,549,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2–4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FD83FB23983B" box="[151,1253,593,615]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FD83FE28983B" box="[151,494,593,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Number of divided upper labials</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FD83FC0F983B" box="[880,969,593,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFD83FB23983B" box="[1113,1253,593,615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FDAFFB2398CF" box="[151,1253,637,659]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FDAFFE2898CF" box="[151,494,637,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scales keeled anterior to jaw</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FC87FDAFFC0F98CF" box="[880,969,637,659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">no</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFB70016FBAEFDAFFB2398CF" box="[1113,1253,637,659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">no</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFB70016FF60FD2BFB239968" box="[151,1253,761,820]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFB70016FF60FD2BFE289968" box="[151,494,761,820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF60FD2BFE15994F" bold="true" box="[151,467,761,787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FF60FD2BFEA9994F" box="[151,367,761,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF60FD2BFEA9994F" bold="true" box="[151,367,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus dunsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002677FFB7FFE3FE81FD2BFE15994F" box="[374,467,761,787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Figure 5
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF60FCB6FD759926" blockId="10.[151,1149,868,921]" box="[151,691,868,890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB576030FFB7FFE3FF60FCB6FD759926" box="[151,691,868,890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FF60FCB6FE7D9926" box="[151,443,868,890]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rynchops" subSpecies="rynchops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF60FCB6FE7D9926" box="[151,443,868,890]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus rynchops rynchops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB7FFE3FDEDFCB6FD699926" author="Gyi" box="[538,687,868,890]" page="160" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB7FFE3FDEDFCB6FD429926" author="Gyi" box="[538,644,868,890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Gyi, K. K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications. Museum of Natural History, 20, 47 - 223." type="journal article" year="1970">Gyi, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:160
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB7FFE3FF60FC51FBBB99C4" box="[151,1149,898,921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF60FC51FBBB99C4" blockId="10.[151,1149,868,921]" box="[151,1149,898,921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB576030FFB7FFE3FF60FC51FBBB99C4" box="[151,1149,898,921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FF60FC51FE9E99C5" ID-CoL="SQWD" box="[151,344,899,921]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF60FC51FE9E99C5" box="[151,344,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus rynchops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB7FFE3FE85FC56FD5899C4" author="Dunson" box="[370,670,898,921]" page="661" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB7FFE3FE85FC56FDAA99C4" author="Dunson" box="[370,620,899,921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Dunson, W. A. & Dunson, M. K (1979) A possible new salt gland in a marine homalopsid snake. Copeia, 1979, 661 - 672." type="journal article" year="1979">Dunson & Dunson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 661
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB7FFE3FD5FFC50FC0799C4" author="Crombie" box="[680,961,898,920]" page="64" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB7FFE3FD5FFC50FC6499C4" author="Crombie" box="[680,930,898,920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Crombie, R. I. & Pregill, G. K. (1999) A checklist of the herpetofauna of the Palau Islands (Republic of Belau), Oceania. Herpetological Monographs, 13, 29 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Crombie & Pregill 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:64
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB7FFE3FC3CFC50FBBC99C4" author="Murphy" box="[971,1146,898,920]" page="72" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB7FFE3FC3CFC50FB9C99C4" author="Murphy" box="[971,1114,898,920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Murphy, J. C. (2007) Homalopsid Snakes, Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, 249 pp." type="book" year="2007">Murphy 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:72
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB7FFE3FF60FC14FC719E31" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF60FC14FE179E5D" blockId="10.[151,1436,965,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF60FC14FEC29982" bold="true" box="[151,260,966,990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB7FFE3FF60FC14FEC29982" box="[151,260,966,990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A female,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED56DFDBFFB7FFE3FE63FC14FE2C9982" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[404,490,966,990]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
116021 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FD62FC17FCD19981" box="[661,791,965,989]" name="Micronesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FCD1FC17FCA29981" box="[806,868,965,989]" name="Palau" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands: Arakabesang (formerly Ngerekebesang)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FF60FC3BFF1D9E5D" box="[151,219,1001,1025]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FF0DFC3BFE8B9E5D" box="[250,333,1001,1025]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="7.3333335">7°20’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FEA3FC3BFE029E5D" box="[340,452,1001,1025]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="134.45">134°27’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF30FBDCFC719E31" blockId="10.[151,1436,965,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF30FBDCFEF99E7A" bold="true" box="[199,319,1038,1062]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB7FFE3FF30FBDCFEF99E7A" box="[199,319,1038,1062]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FEA5FBDFFE159E79" box="[338,467,1037,1061]" name="Micronesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FE13FBDFFDE09E79" box="[484,550,1037,1061]" name="Palau" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED56DFDBFFB7FFE3FDC1FBDCFD569E7A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[566,656,1038,1062]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
: Oreor
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FD1AFBDFFCF79E79" box="[749,817,1037,1061]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FCA0FBDFFC6C9E79" box="[855,938,1037,1061]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="7.3166666">7°19’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FC41FBDFFBE49E79" box="[950,1058,1037,1061]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="134.46666">134°28’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 70651; Arakabesang (formerly Ngerekebesang)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FEA1FBE3FE5C9E15" box="[342,410,1073,1097]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FE4CFBE3FDC89E15" box="[443,526,1073,1097]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="7.3333335">7°20’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FDE0FBE3FD459E15" box="[535,643,1073,1097]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="134.45">134°27’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 116020–21;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED56DFDBFFB7FFE3FCD5FBE0FCBF9E15" box="[802,889,1074,1097]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UMMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
65857; Babeldaob
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FBAEFBE3FB669E15" box="[1113,1184,1073,1097]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ulimang village (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FA73FBE3FF179E31" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="7.483333">7º 29’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB7FFE3FF20FB87FE849E31" box="[215,322,1109,1133]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="134.56667">134º34’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED56DFDBFFB7FFE3FEA6FB87FE649E31" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[337,418,1109,1133]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
507563, Oreor
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB7FFE3FDA4FB87FD5C9E31" box="[595,666,1109,1133]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ngesaol village 531967.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB7FFE3FF30FBABFC999C34" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF30FBABFC999C34" blockId="10.[151,1436,965,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF30FBABFEFC9ECE" bold="true" box="[199,314,1145,1170]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FEB9FBABFDD19ECD" box="[334,535,1145,1169]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FEB9FBABFDD19ECD" box="[334,535,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus dunsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other members of the genus with 23 scales rows at midbody by its rounded, juxtaposed, plate-like scales on the crown; these scales appear to be thickened compared to the scales of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FE65FB16FE3D9E80" box="[402,507,1220,1244]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FE65FB16FE3D9E80" box="[402,507,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The 9th upper labial is horizontally divided. These characters, combined with large parietal scale fragments and its uniform black venter, make this a very distinctive species. The large, plate-like fragments of the parietals may fuse with the temporal scales. The parietal scales in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FAFEFADEFAB79F78" box="[1289,1393,1292,1316]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FAFEFADEFAB79F78" box="[1289,1393,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually fragmented into small scales similar to other scales on the crown. The scales on the crown anterior to the level of the angle of the jaw usually lack keels; all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FCD4FA86FC4D9F30" box="[803,907,1364,1388]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FCD4FA86FC4D9F30" box="[803,907,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FB78FA87FAD59F30" box="[1167,1299,1364,1388]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FB78FA87FAD59F30" box="[1167,1299,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have scales with keels anterior to the level of the angle of the jaw. Crown scales are distinctly rounded and juxtaposed; in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FF60FA4EFEC69FE8" box="[151,256,1436,1460]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF60FA4EFEC69FE8" box="[151,256,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these scales tend to be sharp-edged and slightly imbricate. Light pigment forms an irregular ventrolateral stripe involving scale rows 1–2; this stripe involves rows 1–3 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB7FFE3FC76FA12FC0C9F84" box="[897,970,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
|
||
other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FBE2FA12FBB89F84" box="[1045,1150,1472,1496]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FBE2FA12FBB89F84" box="[1045,1150,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FA75FA13FECA9FA0" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FA75FA13FECA9FA0" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. microlepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has 27–29 scale rows at midbody. The ventral pattern is uniform black or dark brown in preserved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB7FFE3FEFCF9DBFE439C7C" box="[267,389,1544,1568]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FEFCF9DBFE439C7C" box="[267,389,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. dunsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while all other species have a mottled ventral surface, or one with an irregular central stripe of dark pigment. This species tends to have a broader, more robust head than the other species in the genus and it lacks the dorsolateral pattern of bars or incomplete cross bands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB7FFE5FF30F9A6FD9E9B4B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB7FFE3FF30F9A6FC0B9DA8" blockId="10.[151,1436,965,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB7FFE3FF30F9A6FE219CD1" bold="true" box="[199,487,1652,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB7FFE3FE8DF9A7FE219CD1" box="[378,487,1653,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB7FFE3FD8FF9A6FD119CD0" box="[632,727,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.87" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="687.0">687 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB7FFE3FCD3F9A6FC449CD0" box="[804,898,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="126.0">126 mm</quantity>
|
||
tail (tail incomplete). Head distinct from neck, body cylindrical, head dorsolaterally compressed. Rostral pentagonal, about as broad as tall; nasal scales divided, nasal groove contacts the first labial and internasal; internasal scale divided and makes narrow contact with loreal; prefrontal scales slightly smaller than nasals; frontal small, about the same size as the prefrontals, length less than the supraocular scale. Ocular ring consists of one supraocular, one preocular, two suboculars, and two postoculars on the left, one on the right. Loreal single, in contact with upper labials 1–4 (third upper labial on the left crowded out by the others and does not touch the loreal). Upper labials 10/11, ninth horizontally divided, 5–7 contact the suboculars. Lower labials 13, with 1–4 contacting anterior chin shield. Three pairs of chin shields, first pair is the largest, third pair smallest and barely distinguishable from the gulars. Dorsal scales keeled and striated; first dorsal row lacks keels; rows on anterior body 25, rows at midbody 23, rows at posterior body 17. Ventrals 147, rounded; subcaudals divided 44/45, tail tip missing (subcaudal counts incomplete).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF381796FFB6FFE2FF60F9B2FF329CC6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282382/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[151,1407,206,1594]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB6FFE2FF60F9B2FF329CC6" blockId="11.[151,1435,1632,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB6FFE2FF60F9B2FED59C2A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1632,1655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
The Palau Bockadam,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB6FFE2FDF7F9B3FD759C2B" box="[512,691,1633,1655]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni">Cerberus dunsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
AMNH116020. Note the rounded scales and the parietal scale fragments (arrows).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB6FFE2FF30F93FFA8A9D12" blockId="11.[151,1436,1773,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB6FFE2FF30F93FFE6F9D5A" bold="true" box="[199,425,1773,1798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Color and Pattern</emphasis>
|
||
. In alcohol: head and dorsal coloration uniform dark brown, lower labials have some yellow pigment extending onto ventral surface of lower jaw. Belly uniform dark brown to black, on dorsal scale rows 1–2 light pigment forms an indistinct stripe. Ventral surface of the tail with a wide, dark medial stripe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB6FFE5FF30F888FD9E9B4B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1773,2010]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,626]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB6FFE2FF30F888FDFB9D2F" bold="true" box="[199,573,1882,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Variation in Referred Material</emphasis>
|
||
. All specimens examined are females and similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB6FFE2FB23F888FAF09D2E" box="[1236,1334,1882,1906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the following exceptions: AMNH 116020 has 146 ventrals, 52/52 subcaudals, 1/2 postoculars, internasal does not contact the loreal, lower labials 13/14. AMNH 70651 has 18 scale rows anterior to the vent, 146 ventrals, 52/51 subcaudals, 14/15 lower labials. UMMZ 65857 has internasal divided into three parts, three suboculars on the right side, two post oculars on the right side, 50/51 subcaudals, and 19 scale rows anterior to the vent. SVL ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FF60FF68FE839A8E" box="[151,325,186,210]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="6.87" metricValueMin="2.28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="457.5" valueMax="687.0" valueMin="228.0">228 to 687 mm</quantity>
|
||
; four complete tails range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FD59FF68FCFF9A8E" box="[686,825,186,210]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" metricValueMax="1.52" metricValueMin="0.59" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="105.5" valueMax="152.0" valueMin="59.0">59–152 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and are 21–26% of the SVL. Dorsal scale rows 25 on neck, 23 at midbody, 17–19 at posterior body. Scales in the first row lack keels. Ventral scales in five females 144– 147. Subcaudals in five females: 50–54.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB1FFE5FF30FEF0FAB59871" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF30FEF0FAB59871" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF30FEF0FE9F9B67" bold="true" box="[199,345,290,315]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FE85FEF1FDFA9B67" box="[370,572,291,315]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FE85FEF1FDFA9B67" box="[370,572,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus dunsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FCAEFEF0FC519B66" box="[857,919,290,314]" name="Palau" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FBF7FEF0FAA29B66" box="[1024,1380,290,314]" name="Micronesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Federated States of Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB1FFE5FF60FE94FF019B02" box="[151,199,326,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB1FFE5FE60FE94FE319B02" box="[407,503,326,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
AMNH 116020 are from Arakabesang
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FC43FE97FC3A9B01" box="[948,1020,325,349]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
. AMNH 70651 is from Koror
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FAA7FE97FA519B01" box="[1360,1431,325,349]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, now Oreor
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FED4FEB5FEA19B23" box="[291,359,359,383]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FE7AFEB5FE269B23" box="[397,480,359,383]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="7.3166666">7°19’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FE1AFEB5FD9F9B23" box="[493,601,359,383]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="134.46666">134°28’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FD57FEB5FC2C9B23" author="Crombie" box="[672,1002,359,383]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Crombie, R. I. & Pregill, G. K. (1999) A checklist of the herpetofauna of the Palau Islands (Republic of Belau), Oceania. Herpetological Monographs, 13, 29 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Crombie and Pregill (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. UMMZ 65857 is from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FAE0FEB5FA5E9B23" box="[1303,1432,359,383]" name="Micronesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FF60FE58FE969BFE" box="[151,336,394,418]" name="Micronesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FEABFE58FE5C9BFE" box="[348,410,394,418]" name="Palau" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
with no specific locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FD4AFE58FC349BFE" author="Crombie" box="[701,1010,394,418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Crombie, R. I. & Pregill, G. K. (1999) A checklist of the herpetofauna of the Palau Islands (Republic of Belau), Oceania. Herpetological Monographs, 13, 29 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Crombie and Pregill (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species from Babeldaob (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FF58FE7FFEC49B99" box="[175,258,429,453]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="7.483333">7°29’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FEFEFE7FFEBE9B99" box="[265,376,429,453]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="134.56667">134°34’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Arakabesang (=Ngerekebesang) (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FCE4FE7FFCAE9B99" box="[787,872,429,453]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="7.3">7º18”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FC98FE7FFC1D9B99" box="[879,987,429,453]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="134.43333">134º26’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), and Oreor islands. These are locations in the central and northern portions of the island group and suggest the species is probably widespread in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FAA9FE1DFA5A9BBB" box="[1374,1436,463,487]" name="Palau" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands wherever appropriate habitat (mangroves and mud flats) can be found. The nearest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FB5FFE21FAD69857" box="[1192,1296,499,523]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FB5FFE21FAD69857" box="[1192,1296,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are found about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FEBAFDC7FE649871" box="[333,418,533,557]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="850.0">850 km</quantity>
|
||
west in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FDDDFDC7FD6E9871" box="[554,680,533,557]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FCD4FDC7FCBE9871" box="[803,888,533,557]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="830.0">830 km</quantity>
|
||
northwest of New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FBB8FDC7FB669871" box="[1103,1184,533,557]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FB08FDC7FAB69871" box="[1279,1392,533,557]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB1FFE5FF30FDEAFEC8982E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF30FDEAFEC8982E" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF30FDEAFE88980C" bold="true" box="[199,334,568,592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named in honor of William A. Dunson for his pioneering work in osmoregulation in reptiles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |