177 lines
20 KiB
XML
177 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="E99858599D04747B2381B4A06F0D33D0">
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<mods:title id="134ACA35DD3A7373F664FAA925C0614A">Echimyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B60DCDAC8633130C7082C820F37AB5E4">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3283180301C4A7B36F1FAEAF5D217FBB">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A9903BE35F3290D039D0844BB1E30C8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3B7E6E43B92FD038FC1A90A8898027BF">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FAAE3318DE7FA8FFCCCCE9706A040D92">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="5344DF0579F6BDCBCC07DA025DE6B4D9" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="8920181B769130AD2AA82838F7E4C717">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="C42D07FAC7698A325CC31746A1C7AF5D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E9C3D3AD482253B6FD5DAF02197942F">
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<mods:title id="251B63844DF2F7545F31F871A31548CB">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="D7B253AB865CEB4C5C94775FAAE8213C">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03C5A071FFE1FFD4FAC3549E58B2F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624645" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195810016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6624645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5A071FFE1FFD4FAC3549E58B2F86E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5A071FFE1FFD4FAC3549E58B2F86E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" scope_class="MAMMALIA" scope_family="ECHIMYIDAE" scope_infraOrder="HYSTRICOGNATHI" scope_order="RODENTIA" scope_subOrder="HYSTRICOMORPHA">
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC3549E5FD9F355" box="[1407,1464,3223,3265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC3549E5FD9F355" blockId="12.[1406,2410,3214,3304]" box="[1407,1464,3223,3265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5FAC3549E5FD9F355" box="[1407,1464,3223,3265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFE1FFD5FAC3549E5FD9F355" box="[1407,1464,3223,3265]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">24.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FA76549E5DF1F355" box="[1482,1936,3223,3265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FA76549E5DF1F355" blockId="12.[1406,2410,3214,3304]" box="[1482,1936,3223,3265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5FA76549E5DF1F355" box="[1482,1936,3223,3265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5FA76549E5DF1F355" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1482,1936,3223,3265]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">Sao Lourenco Punare</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5F87654875308F328" box="[1994,2409,3214,3260]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5F87654875308F328" blockId="12.[1406,2410,3214,3304]" box="[1994,2409,3214,3260]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5F87654875308F328" box="[1994,2409,3214,3260]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F87654875308F328" ID-CoL="C3XZB" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1994,2409,3214,3260]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5F87654875308F328" box="[1994,2409,3214,3260]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Thrichomys laurentius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC354D95328F371" box="[1407,2377,3280,3301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC354D95328F371" blockId="12.[1406,2410,3214,3304]" box="[1407,2377,3280,3301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5FAC354D95328F371" box="[1407,2377,3280,3301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAC354D95FABF371" bold="true" box="[1407,1482,3280,3301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5FA6854D95CDDF371" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1492,1724,3280,3301]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">Punaré de Sao Lorenco</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5F96C54D95D4AF371" bold="true" box="[1744,1835,3280,3301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5F88954D95D88F371" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1845,2025,3280,3301]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">Laurentius-Punaré</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5F84254D95238F371" bold="true" box="[2046,2137,3280,3301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5F7DF54D95328F371" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[2147,2377,3280,3301]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">Punaré de San Lorenzo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC2551B5249F2A7" box="[1406,2088,3346,3379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC2551B5249F2A7" blockId="12.[1405,2611,3346,3468]" box="[1406,2088,3346,3379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAC2551B5C78F2A7" bold="true" box="[1406,1561,3346,3379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F992551B5242F2A7" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1582,2083,3346,3379]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">Thrichomys laurentius Thomas, 1904</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5F785551B52CDF2C8" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5F785551B52CDF2C8" blockId="12.[1405,2611,3346,3468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
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<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFE1FFD5F785551B52CDF2C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303378" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">“Sao Lourenco [= Sao Lorenco da Mata], near Pernambuco, Alt. 50 m,” Pernambuco, Brazil.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC3556A5C88F210" box="[1407,1769,3427,3460]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC3556A5C88F210" blockId="12.[1405,2611,3346,3468]" box="[1407,1769,3427,3460]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FCA359175908FE10" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1341EFFFE0FFD4FCA359175908FE10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623704/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" targetBox="[183,773,286,699]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FCA359175908FE10" blockId="13.[796,1391,286,703]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FCA3591759AEFEA3" bold="true" box="[799,975,286,311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NE Brazil, from Ceara and Rio Grande do Norte states, S to C Bahia State.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FCA2598258D3FBB4" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FCA2598258D3FBB4" blockId="13.[796,1391,286,703]" lastBlockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FCA259825E5FFE38" bold="true" box="[798,1086,395,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 125-240 mm, tail 135-214 mm; weight 120-365 g. The Sao Lourenco Punare is medium-sized relative to others in the genus. Greatest skull length averages 53-8 mm. Dorsal color is yellowish gray; ventral hairs are completely white or with light gray bases. Skull is most similar to that of the Lagoa Santa Punare (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FC1A5ACC5E3CFD72" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[934,1117,709,742]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apereoides">7. apereoides</taxonomicName>
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), sharing elongated incisive foramina without lateral constriction at premaxillomaxillary suture and thin hamular processes of pterygoid bones that are pointed at tips. The Sao Lourenco Punare differs from the Lagoa Santa Punare by lacking pronounced lateral flange on posterior margins of incisive foramina, V-shaped mesopterygoid fossa, and almost flat palate without median keel and only shallow palatal grooves. Chromosome complement of specimens from Bahia State is 2n = 30 with 54 autosomal arms; specimens with 2n = 30 and FN = 56 from central Brazil may represent an undescribed species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FF045C215B12FBFA" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FF045C215B12FBFA" blockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FF045C215B47FBDD" bold="true" box="[184,294,1064,1097]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Northern Caatinga ecoregion at elevations from near sea level at 15 m to nearly 800 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FF0B5C7E5833FA98" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FF0B5C7E5833FA98" blockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FF0B5C7E5BDEFB0C" bold="true" box="[183,447,1143,1176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Dry season diet of the Sao Lourenco Punare includes buds of the bromeliad (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FEE35CAB5BB0FB2B" box="[351,465,1186,1215]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bromelia</taxonomicName>
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lacinosa,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FDEB5CAB5976FB2B" box="[599,791,1186,1215]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and cactus (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FC5E5CAB5ED7FB2B" authority="Jjamacaru" authorityName="Jjamacaru" box="[994,1206,1186,1215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Cereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cereus Jjamacaru</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FB745CAB5F3AFB2B" box="[1224,1371,1186,1215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
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), nuts of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FEA25CCF5B1BFB73" box="[286,378,1222,1255]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Attalea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Attalea</taxonomicName>
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palms (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FE5B5CCF581FFB73" authorityName="Bercht. & J.Presl" authorityYear="1820" box="[487,638,1222,1255]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
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), and pads of prickly pear cactus (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4FBEA5CCF5EA4FB73" box="[1110,1221,1222,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Opuntia</taxonomicName>
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palmadora), an important source of water.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FF0B5D1D5BEAF929" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FF0B5D1D5BEAF929" blockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FF0B5D1D5B5DFAA1" bold="true" box="[183,316,1300,1333]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive activity of Sao Lourenco Punares in Pernambuco State occurred year-round, with peak in September—-December. Adult females had 2-3 litters/ year, with an interbirth interval of 4-6 months. Litter size averaged 3-1 young but varied from 1-6 young. In Ceara State, pregnant females were captured in July, with 1-4 young (two most common). Littersizes in captive individuals were 1-7 young, averaging 3-2. Liter size generally increased with female age, and gestation lasted 95-98 days. Milk of the Sao Lourenco Punare is high in fat, perhaps an adaptation to minimize water loss in its arid environment. Neonates are precocial, born at an average weight of 2-1 g, eyes and ears open,fully furred body, and erupted upper and lower incisors; motor coordination is sufficient to permit young to eat solid food within a few hours following birth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FF0F5ECF5915F899" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FF0F5ECF5915F899" blockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FF0F5ECF5BC1F973" bold="true" box="[179,416,1734,1767]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Activity of Sao Lourenco Punares peaks at dusk, but individuals remain active during short periods of day and night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FF085F10589EF817" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FF085F10589EF817" blockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FF085F1059C2F8A2" bold="true" box="[180,931,1817,1846]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Home ranges of female Sao Lourenco Punares rarely overlap, but those of males overlap with multiple females; male home ranges are relatively exclusive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FF085F83599CF83F" box="[180,1021,1930,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FF085F83599CF83F" blockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" box="[180,1021,1930,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FF085F835871F83F" bold="true" box="[180,528,1930,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Not assessed on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FF095FB258B2F86E" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FF095FB258B2F86E" blockId="13.[179,1390,709,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FF095FB25B2CF840" bold="true" box="[181,333,1979,2004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonvicino et al. (2008), Moojen (1952b), Nascimento et al. (2013), Pessda, Tavares, Neves & da Silva (2015), Teixeira etal. (2005), Thomas (1904a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |