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<document id="AF78FC44B01125DF47A7A409EB844E3D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3926.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39b01cba-638e-45d5-8fbd-c5dd14bbda8d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="246016" ID-ZooBank="B63B9EAA-9C82-4258-BFD6-CBAD91BF68A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461008192217" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xue, Guo-Xi &amp; Lo, Yik Fui Philip" docDate="2015" docId="03C4D365FFA8C412FF255459FEACF817" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03926p447.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3926 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Erionota acroleuca" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="445" masterDocId="FFFDAB1DFFA8C412FFB25725FF81FF91" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic note on Erionota acroleuca (Wood-Mason &amp; de Nicéville, 1881) stat. rest. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="447" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="445" updateTime="1698566059882" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9348CADF021C09623045E1312331A685">A taxonomic note on Erionota acroleuca (Wood-Mason &amp; de Nicéville, 1881) stat. rest. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B488116AC4D8FBCFB9746ECB85F8DE9">Xue, Guo-Xi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D6FB30CA596F6C9F7F9172E1371522A">Lo, Yik Fui Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C99BE87ECA3DFAB2656E0ABF2157AAE1">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C4D365FFA8C412FF255459FEACF817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6103008" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119599468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6103008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4D365FFA8C412FF255459FEACF817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4D365FFA8C412FF255459FEACF817" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<subSubSection id="C37731F8FFA8C412FF255459FBE7FC48" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF255459FC42FC07" blockId="0.[151,963,892,918]" box="[151,963,892,918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<heading id="D09AD51FFFA8C412FF255459FC42FC07" bold="true" box="[151,963,892,918]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255459FC42FC07" bold="true" box="[151,963,892,918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF255459FE01FC07" box="[151,384,892,918]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255459FE01FC07" bold="true" box="[151,384,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Erionota acroleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wood-Mason &amp; de Nicéville, 1881), stat. rest.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF2554E7FBE7FC48" blockId="0.[151,1436,962,1305]" box="[151,1126,962,985]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF2554E7FD92FC48" authority="Wood-Mason" authorityName="Wood-Mason" box="[151,531,962,985]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleucus">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF2554E7FEFCFC48" box="[151,381,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Telegonus acroleucus</emphasis>
Wood-Mason
</taxonomicName>
&amp; de Nicéville, 1881(Aug.): 143 (original description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37731F8FFA8C412FF2554C7FC67FA88" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF2554C7FCC8FC68" blockId="0.[151,1436,962,1305]" box="[151,841,994,1017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF2554C7FDA6FC68" ID-CoL="3L4MT" authority="Moore, 1881 (Sept.)" authorityName="Moore, 1881 (Sept." box="[151,551,994,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF2554C7FEC4FC68" box="[151,325,994,1017]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Hesperia hiraca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FEFE54C7FE54FC68" author="Moore" box="[332,469,994,1017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Moore, F. (1881 September) Descriptions of new Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 29 (3), 305 - 313." type="journal article" year="1881">Moore, 1881</bibRefCitation>
(Sept.)
</taxonomicName>
: 313 (original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF255327FBF7FB88" blockId="0.[151,1436,962,1305]" box="[151,1142,1026,1049]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF255327FD86FB88" authority="Wood-Mason" authorityName="Wood-Mason" box="[151,519,1026,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255327FEE8FB88" box="[151,361,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Hesperia acroleuca</emphasis>
: Wood-Mason
</taxonomicName>
&amp; de Nicéville (
<date id="FFD344B3FFA8C412FD0B5327FCA8FB88" box="[697,809,1026,1049]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" value="1881-12">1881 Dec.</date>
: 260) (synonyms, description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF255307FD7CFBA8" blockId="0.[151,1436,962,1305]" box="[151,765,1058,1081]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D455DFFA8C412FF255307FD7CFBA8" box="[151,765,1058,1081]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF255307FD8CFBA8" authority="Swinhoe, 1890: 365" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityPageNumber="365" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,525,1058,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Teligonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lara">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255307FEB1FBA8" box="[151,304,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Teligonus lara</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FE855307FD8CFBA8" author="Swinhoe" box="[311,525,1058,1081]" page="365" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1890">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FE855307FE5AFBA8" author="Swinhoe" box="[311,475,1058,1081]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Swinhoe, C. (1890) New Species of Indian Butterflies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History [London], 5 (6), 353 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939009460847" type="journal article" year="1890">Swinhoe, 1890</bibRefCitation>
: 365
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(original description).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF255367FD52FBE8" blockId="0.[151,1436,962,1305]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D455DFFA8C412FF255367FD52FBE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF255367FDD7FBC8" authority="Watson (1891: 107)" authorityName="Watson" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,598,1090,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255367FEEBFBC8" box="[151,362,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Erionota acroleuca</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FECE5367FDD7FBC8" author="Watson" box="[380,598,1090,1113]" page="107" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FECE5367FDD7FBC8" author="Watson" box="[380,598,1090,1113]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae Indicae, being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma and Ceylon. Madras, 131 pp." type="book" year="1891">Watson (1891: 107)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(name list);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FD5B5367FC37FBC8" author="Evans" box="[745,950,1090,1113]" page="159" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FD5B5367FC37FBC8" author="Evans" box="[745,950,1090,1113]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Evans, B. W. H. (1941) A revision of the genus Erionota Mabille (Lep: Hesp.). The Entomologist, 74 (7), 158 - 160." type="journal article" year="1941">Evans (1941: 159)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description, synonyms, subspecies);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FAE95367FEC5FBE8" author="Evans" page="327" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FAE95367FEC5FBE8" author="Evans" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Evans, B. W. H. (1949) A Catalogue of Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum, London, ix + 502 pp." type="book" year="1949">Evans (1949: 327)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description, synonyms, subspecies).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF2553A7FC9AFB28" blockId="0.[151,1436,962,1305]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D455DFFA8C412FF2553A7FC9AFB28" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF2553A7FD0CFB08" authority="Evans (1927: 440)" authorityName="Evans" authorityPageNumber="440" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,653,1154,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="thrax" subSpecies="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF2553A7FE2FFB08" box="[151,430,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Erionota thrax acroleuca</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FE7253A7FD0CFB08" author="Evans" box="[448,653,1154,1177]" page="440" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FE7253A7FD0CFB08" author="Evans" box="[448,653,1154,1177]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Evans, B. W. H. (1927) The identification of Indian Butterflies (1 st Ed.). The Bombay Natural History Society, Madras, 302 pp." type="book" year="1927">Evans (1927: 440)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(description, distribution, synonyms);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FB8F53A7FA8AFB08" author="Evans" box="[1085,1291,1154,1177]" page="373" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FB8F53A7FA8AFB08" author="Evans" box="[1085,1291,1154,1177]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Evans, B. W. H. (1932) The identification of Indian Butterflies (Second Edition Revised). The Bombay Natural History Society, Madras, 454 pp." type="book" year="1932">Evans (1932: 373)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description, distribution, synonyms);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FE605387FD1BFB28" author="Khatri" box="[466,666,1186,1209]" page="184" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FE605387FD1BFB28" author="Khatri" box="[466,666,1186,1209]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Khatri, T. C. (1993) Butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Conservation Concerns. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 32, 170 - 184." type="journal article" year="1993">Khatri (1993: 184)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(name list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF2553E7FC67FA88" blockId="0.[151,1436,962,1305]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D455DFFA8C412FF2553E7FC67FA88" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF2553E7FEC7FB48" ID-CoL="3L4MT" box="[151,326,1218,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF2553E7FEC7FB48" box="[151,326,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Erionota hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: de
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FEC953E7FD59FB48" author="Jong" box="[379,728,1218,1241]" page="134" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FEC953E7FD59FB48" author="Jong" box="[379,728,1218,1241]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Notizen uber einige Erionota-Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102 (8), 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1992">Jong &amp; Treadaway (1992: 134)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description); de
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FC1353E7FB70FB48" author="Jong" box="[929,1265,1218,1241]" page="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FC1353E7FB70FB48" author="Jong" box="[929,1265,1218,1241]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2007) Hesperiidae of the Philippine Islands. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 15, 3 - 72." type="book chapter" year="2007">Jong &amp; Treadaway (2007: 47)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(nomenclature, distribution, variation);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FE6853C7FCB0FB68" author="Ek-Amnuay" box="[474,817,1250,1273]" page="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FE6853C7FC80FB68" author="Ek-Amnuay" box="[474,769,1250,1273]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Ek-Amnuay, P., Chiba, H., Kimura, Y., Inayoshi, Y., Saito, K., Seki, Y. &amp; Uemura, Y. (2007) Corrigenda to &quot; Butterflies of Thailand &quot; (Ek-Amnuay, 2006). Yadoriga, 213, 2 - 20." type="journal article" year="2007">
Ek-Amnuay
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FDDC53C7FD26FB68" box="[622,679,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. (2007
</bibRefCitation>
: 16
</treatmentCitation>
) (nomenclature); de
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FB8353C7FA1DFB68" author="Jong" box="[1073,1436,1250,1273]" page="10" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FB8353C7FA1DFB68" author="Jong" box="[1073,1436,1250,1273]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2008) Hesperiidae I: Hesperiidae of the Philippine Islands. Butterflies of the World, Part 29, 1 - 17. [plates. 1 - 39]" type="book chapter" year="2008">Jong &amp; Treadaway (2008: 10)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA8C412FED05227FD5EFA88" author="Mohanraj" box="[354,735,1282,1305]" page="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FED05227FD5EFA88" author="Mohanraj" box="[354,735,1282,1305]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Mohanraj, P. &amp; Veenakumari, K. (2011) Butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar islands: History of collection and checklist. Zootaxa, 3050, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Mohanraj &amp; Veenakumari (2011: 6)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37731F8FFA8C412FF255261FEACF817" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA8C412FF255261FEACF817" blockId="0.[151,1436,1348,1926]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255261FE84FACA" bold="true" box="[151,261,1348,1371]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Remarks.</emphasis>
The date of publication printed on the paper which originally described
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FBA05261FBFDFACA" box="[1042,1148,1348,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FBA05261FBFDFACA" box="[1042,1148,1348,1371]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is “August, 1881” (Wood- Mason &amp; de Nicéville
<date id="FFD344B3FFA8C412FE3D5242FD84FAEF" box="[399,517,1383,1406]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" value="1881-08">1881 Aug.</date>
). While
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FDD05242FC85FAEF" author="Bridges" box="[610,772,1383,1406]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Bridges, C. A. (1988) Catalogue of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Charles A. Bridges, Illinois, 463 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bridges (1988)</bibRefCitation>
recorded the publication date of this name as October, 1881, and that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FEA052AFFED9FA30" box="[274,344,1418,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FEA052AFFED9FA30" box="[274,344,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as September, 1881. According to this record, de
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FCC452AFFB11FA30" author="Jong" box="[886,1168,1418,1441]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Notizen uber einige Erionota-Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102 (8), 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1992">Jong &amp; Treadaway (1992)</bibRefCitation>
shifted the priority from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF255289FE80FA52" box="[151,257,1452,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255289FE80FA52" box="[151,257,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FE935289FEE6FA52" box="[289,359,1452,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FE935289FEE6FA52" box="[289,359,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this treatment continued in their subsequent works (de
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FC0A5289FB3EFA52" author="Jong" box="[952,1215,1452,1475]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2007) Hesperiidae of the Philippine Islands. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 15, 3 - 72." type="book chapter" year="2007">Jong &amp; Treadaway 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FB7B5289FA83FA52" author="Treadaway" box="[1225,1282,1452,1475]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2008) Hesperiidae I: Hesperiidae of the Philippine Islands. Butterflies of the World, Part 29, 1 - 17. [plates. 1 - 39]" type="book chapter" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
), and was also followed by others (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FE0652EAFCA4FA77" author="Devyatkin" box="[436,805,1487,1510]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. &amp; Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of North and Central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin &amp; Monastyrskii 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FC8752EAFC61FA77" author="Kitamura" box="[821,992,1487,1510]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Kitamura, M. (2003) Letters from Samar / Leyte (7). Larval stages of three miscellaneous skippers. TSU I SO, (1112 / 1113), 1 - 19. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2003">Kitamura 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FC4352EAFA80FA77" author="Ek-Amnuay" box="[1009,1281,1487,1510]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Ek-Amnuay, P., Chiba, H., Kimura, Y., Inayoshi, Y., Saito, K., Seki, Y. &amp; Uemura, Y. (2007) Corrigenda to &quot; Butterflies of Thailand &quot; (Ek-Amnuay, 2006). Yadoriga, 213, 2 - 20." type="journal article" year="2007">
Ek-Amnuay
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FB3252EAFB34FA77" box="[1152,1205,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FAA152EAFEE2F998" author="Mohanraj" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Mohanraj, P. &amp; Veenakumari, K. (2011) Butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar islands: History of collection and checklist. Zootaxa, 3050, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Mohanraj &amp; Veenakumari 2011</bibRefCitation>
). But: 1) in a paper issued on
<date id="FFD344B3FFA8C412FD1352D7FCB3F998" box="[673,818,1522,1545]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" value="1921-12">21 December</date>
, 1881, Wood-Mason &amp; de Nicéville described
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FA9A52D7FA1DF998" box="[1320,1436,1522,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleucus">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FA9A52D7FA1DF998" box="[1320,1436,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
again in a more detailed way under the name “
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FD225131FCE2F9BA" box="[656,867,1556,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FD225131FCE2F9BA" box="[656,867,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Hesperia acroleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, they even gave a one-month priority of their name
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF255112FEF3F9DF" authority="(August)" baseAuthorityName="August" box="[151,370,1591,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleucus">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF255112FE8AF9DF" box="[151,267,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleucus</emphasis>
(August)
</taxonomicName>
over Moores
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FDAB5112FD6EF9DF" authority="(September)" baseAuthorityName="September" box="[537,751,1591,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FDAB5112FDDFF9DF" box="[537,606,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
(September)
</taxonomicName>
. 2) the “letter code” assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FBEC5112FB53F9DF" box="[1118,1234,1591,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleucus">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FBEC5112FB53F9DF" box="[1118,1234,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FB495112FA19F9DF" author="Bridges" box="[1275,1432,1591,1614]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Bridges, C. A. (1988) Catalogue of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Charles A. Bridges, Illinois, 463 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bridges (1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FF25517FFF4FF9E0" author="Bridges" box="[151,206,1626,1649]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="Bridges, C. A. (1994) Catalogue of the Family-Group, Genus-Group and Species-Group Names of the Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera) of the World. Charles A. Bridges, Illinois, 596 pp." type="book" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
) is “a”, meaning “available valid species name”, and that to
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FCEB517FFC1EF9E0" box="[857,927,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FCEB517FFC1EF9E0" box="[857,927,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is “c” meaning “synonym”; the name
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FA8F517FFA03F9E0" box="[1341,1410,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FA8F517FFA03F9E0" box="[1341,1410,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly recorded as “SS:
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FE045159FDABF902" box="[438,554,1660,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleucus">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FE045159FDABF902" box="[438,554,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wood-Mason &amp; de Nicéville), 1881” with a note “Close, September versus August”, indicating that
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FE1351BAFE67F927" box="[417,486,1695,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FE1351BAFE67F927" box="[417,486,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FD5F51BAFCE0F927" box="[749,865,1695,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleucus">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FD5F51BAFCE0F927" box="[749,865,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of one month behind in publication.
<docIssue id="CF0E1D9CFFA8C412FAE651BAFAE0F927" box="[1364,1377,1695,1718]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">3</docIssue>
) The library of the Natural History Museum in London confirmed that the original paper of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FBD151E7FB56F948" box="[1123,1239,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleucus">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FBD151E7FB56F948" box="[1123,1239,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was published in
<date id="FFD344B3FFA8C412FF2551C0FEA5F96D" box="[151,292,1765,1788]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" value="1881-08">August 1881</date>
. Thus, according to Chapter 5 (Articles 21 and 22) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Fourth Edition), the date of publication of the original paper introducing
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FC045022FBA1F88F" box="[950,1056,1799,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FC045022FBA1F88F" box="[950,1056,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be accepted as [
<date id="FFD344B3FFA8C412FA905022FA17F88F" box="[1314,1430,1799,1822]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" value="1931-08">31 August</date>
] 1881. The nomenclatural act by de
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA8C412FD83500FFCDDF8D0" author="Jong" box="[561,860,1834,1857]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Notizen uber einige Erionota-Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102 (8), 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1992">Jong &amp; Treadaway (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, which has caused a misapplication of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FA96500FFAEBF8D0" box="[1316,1386,1834,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FA96500FFAEBF8D0" box="[1316,1386,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and threatened the stability of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FE1E5068FD94F8F5" box="[428,533,1869,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FE1E5068FD94F8F5" box="[428,533,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, should be corrected. Therefore, we restore
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FC5B5068FBD2F8F5" box="[1001,1107,1869,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FC5B5068FBD2F8F5" box="[1001,1107,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">acroleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a valid name, and submerge
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA8C412FF25504AFF5CF817" box="[151,221,1903,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA8C412FF25504AFF5CF817" box="[151,221,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">hiraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
herein.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>