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<document id="6592CAC1960BFBB8A6273F9D94B19B38" ID-CLB-Dataset="60678" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="203fd346-faa1-4a2b-8a54-20d7e830c535" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8209415" ID-ZooBank="C022FD72-9C54-4A89-A880-3D99F52C8499" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1691006370328" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas &amp; Robillard, Tony" docDate="2023" docId="03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5323.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5323 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Falcerminthus parvus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="FF8CFF96E77A67470C69C3582A4BFFA1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="306" updateTime="1698875931572" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E211774AEE171358BD4A9BEB08EEBCC3">Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7CC9C4604E2D3D64C2DA0B284C34BFB4">Tan, Ming Kai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5D8BD3CF24D897474439A7612604F379">Block 207 A, Woodleigh Link, Singapore 361207, Republic of Singapore</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F785E94BB9F248BED59575C6AE2D879F">Salvador, Jewel Anne G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A00E501C78F7C98FCA33C5332FD3B635">Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E20F40D380243D13524416DB8619EA46">Sabang, Aira Mae M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FACF8C5C752551348350313D9D637764">Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C3D1E93F875FE0A146CCD772295877E1">Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AB50787E629416109B32A5446D6DA306">Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="A4959FA9A87228AB9B2C5062B80CD106">Nuñeza, Olga Macas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8EE4AC92A89B57FCD9C4F0AED2843C94">Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B244F73EECD9490BA4428B55937C4E90">Robillard, Tony</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ED29E0EB7F5518558F7CD69E4AD0F14F">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8221569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212424960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8221569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77F67420CFEC4D129CFF802" box="[151,900,1929,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77F67420CFEC4D129CFF802" blockId="5.[151,900,1929,1992]" box="[151,900,1929,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
<heading id="D0EB8194E77F67420CFEC4D129CFF802" bold="true" box="[151,900,1929,1956]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D7BE77F67420CFEC4D129CFF802" ID-CoL="9H2VY" authority="(Baroga-Barbecho &amp; Robillard, 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Baroga-Barbecho &amp; Robillard" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[151,900,1929,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Falcerminthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77F67420CFEC4D129CFF802" bold="true" box="[151,900,1929,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77F67420CFEC4D12BE8F805" bold="true" box="[151,419,1929,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Falcerminthus parvus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B09E77F67420DDBC4D12937F802" author="Baroga-Barbecho, J. B. &amp; Tan, M. K. &amp; Yap, S. A. &amp; Robillard, T." box="[434,892,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="401 - 438" refId="ref17037" refString="Baroga-Barbecho, J. B., Tan, M. K., Yap, S. A. &amp; Robillard, T. (2020) Taxonomic study of Lebinthus Stal, 1877 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Eneopterinae) with description of six new species in the Philippines. Zootaxa, 4816 (4), 401 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4816.4.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Baroga-Barbecho &amp; Robillard, 2020</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77F67420CFEC4F52B40F869" box="[151,267,1965,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77F67420CFEC4F52B40F869" blockId="5.[151,900,1929,1992]" box="[151,267,1965,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
(
<figureCitation id="13272A7DE77F67420CF6C4F52B49F869" box="[159,258,1965,1992]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,2016,2040]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,250,1989,2013]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,250,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,1137,1993]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,1110,1966]" captionTargetBox-4="[159,1432,182,1647]" captionTargetId-0="figure-230@2.[151,1435,1137,1993]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1914]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@4.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetId-3="figure-38@4.[151,1435,1110,1966]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@5.[151,1436,166,1663]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Falcerminthus parvus ♁ in its natural environment, open forested area at the foot of Mt Balatukan." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Falcerminthus parvus: head, pronotum and FWs in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; face in anterior view (C); ♁ genitalia in dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–C), 1 mm (D–F)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Falcerminthus parvus ♀ in its natural environment, open forested area at the foot of Mt Balatukan." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Falcerminthus parvus juvenile in its natural environment, open forested area at the foot of Mt Balatukan." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Falcerminthus parvus ♁ calling song: oscillograms showing seven echemes (A) and one echeme (B); spectrogram of the same echeme (C); power spectra of a syllable (D) where the grey line represents the power [dB] (axis name and scale in grey) and the black solid peak represents the relative amplitude (axis name in black)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209419" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209421" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209423" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209425" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209429" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8209419/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8209421/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8209423/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8209425/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8209429/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77C67410CFEC3CF297FFF6C" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CFEC3CF28E0FF0E" blockId="6.[151,820,151,205]" box="[151,683,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C11D6E77C67410CFEC3CF28E0FF0E" box="[151,683,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10E9E77C67410CFEC3CF28E0FF0E" author="Baroga-Barbecho, J. B. &amp; Tan, M. K. &amp; Yap, S. A. &amp; Robillard, T." box="[151,683,151,175]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1012879CE64B682F33D52613B491FF6B" page="419" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="2020">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D7BE77C67410CFEC3CF28E0FF0E" ID-CoL="8PZQL" authority="Baroga-Barbecho et al., 2020: 419" authorityName="Baroga-Barbecho" authorityPageNumber="419" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,683,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Lebinthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CFEC3CF2B0DFF0F" box="[151,326,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Lebinthus parvus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B09E77C67410D24C3CF28E0FF0E" author="Baroga-Barbecho, J. B. &amp; Tan, M. K. &amp; Yap, S. A. &amp; Robillard, T." box="[333,683,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="401 - 438" refId="ref17037" refString="Baroga-Barbecho, J. B., Tan, M. K., Yap, S. A. &amp; Robillard, T. (2020) Taxonomic study of Lebinthus Stal, 1877 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Eneopterinae) with description of six new species in the Philippines. Zootaxa, 4816 (4), 401 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4816.4.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Baroga-Barbecho
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410E6FC3CF2872FF0E" box="[518,569,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020: 419
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CFEC3ED297FFF6C" blockId="6.[151,820,151,205]" box="[151,820,181,205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D7BE77C67410CFEC3ED2B3DFF6C" baseAuthorityName="Baroga-Barbecho &amp; Robillard" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[151,374,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Falcerminthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CFEC3ED2B3DFF6C" box="[151,374,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Falcerminthus parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Tan
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410DD5C3EE2BA4FF6C" box="[444,495,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021: 1077 (new combination)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77C67410CFEC3A32F3AFE9B" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CFEC3A32F3AFE9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,251,782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CFEC3A32BDEFEB4" bold="true" box="[151,405,251,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B743CA5E77C67410DF2C3A42F3AFE9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4170280328" collectingDate="2023-02-14" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="A. M. Sabang &amp; Sabang, A &amp; Gono, D. C. M &amp; K. Grumo" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao" location="Barangay Lunotan" municipality="Gingoog City" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Misamis Oriental">
<collectingCountry id="F30B7668E77C67410DF2C3A4280BFEB7" box="[411,576,252,278]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
• 1♁;
<collectingCounty id="62C24E74E77C67410EEFC3A328B1FEB4" box="[646,762,251,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Mindanao</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F81AE77C67410F6CC3A32981FEB4" box="[773,970,251,277]" country="Philippines" name="Misamis Oriental" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Misamis Oriental</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7AC82E77C67410FBAC3A32E27FEB4" box="[979,1132,251,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Gingoog City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC36023E77C6741081EC3A42F03FEB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC:8EC36023E77C6741081EC3A42F03FEB7" box="[1143,1352,252,278]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao" municipality="Gingoog City" name="Barangay Lunotan" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="Misamis Oriental">Barangay Lunotan</location>
, foot of
<location id="8EC36023E77C67410CFEC2782B7FFE98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC:8EC36023E77C67410CFEC2782B7FFE98" box="[151,308,287,314]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao" municipality="Gingoog City" name="Mt Balatukan" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="Misamis Oriental">Mt Balatukan</location>
;
<date id="FFA21038E77C67410D56C2782842FE9B" box="[319,521,287,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" value="2023-02-14">
<collectingDate id="EFE6E9D0E77C67410D56C2782842FE9B" box="[319,521,287,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" value="2023-02-14">14 February 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll.
<collectorName id="26E9532EE77C67410E22C27828A8FE98" box="[587,739,287,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">A.M. Sabang</collectorName>
, A.
<collectorName id="26E9532EE77C67410F66C27829E0FE9B" box="[783,939,288,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Gono, D.C.M</collectorName>
. Bahoy &amp;
<collectorName id="26E9532EE77C6741084DC2782ED2FE9B" box="[1060,1177,288,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">K. Grumo</collectorName>
; MIN.23.39 (
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE3DE77C67410946C2782F22FE9B" box="[1327,1385,288,314]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">ZRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77C67410CAEC21C29EBFE23" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CAEC21C29EBFE23" blockId="6.[151,1437,251,782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CAEC21C2B70FEFF" bold="true" box="[199,315,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was first described in 2020 but the calling song was not known. The morphology and genitalia of our male specimen resemble that of the
<typeStatus id="54A7885AE77C67410EB5C23F2975FE20" box="[732,830,359,385]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13272A7DE77C67410F24C23F29D8FE23" box="[845,915,359,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falcerminthus parvus: head, pronotum and FWs in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; face in anterior view (C); ♁ genitalia in dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–C), 1 mm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209421/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77C67410CAEC2D42BF9FE6B" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CAEC2D42BF9FE6B" blockId="6.[151,1437,251,782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CAEC2D42B67FE07" bold="true" box="[199,300,396,422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Ecology.</emphasis>
We observed this species dwelling among foliage of ground-over plants and moss among dead log in open forest (
<figureCitation id="13272A7DE77C67410D4AC2F72B21FE6B" box="[291,362,431,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,2016,2040]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1137,1993]" captionTargetId="figure-230@2.[151,1435,1137,1993]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Falcerminthus parvus ♁ in its natural environment, open forested area at the foot of Mt Balatukan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209419/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13272A7DE77C67410D11C2E82BCCFE6B" box="[376,391,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Falcerminthus parvus ♀ in its natural environment, open forested area at the foot of Mt Balatukan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209423/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13272A7DE77C67410DFDC2E82BEEFE6B" box="[404,421,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1989,2013]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1110,1966]" captionTargetId="figure-38@4.[151,1435,1110,1966]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Falcerminthus parvus juvenile in its natural environment, open forested area at the foot of Mt Balatukan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209425/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77C67410CAEC28C2F7BFE4F" box="[199,1328,467,494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CAEC28C2F7BFE4F" blockId="6.[151,1437,251,782]" box="[199,1328,467,494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<materialsCitation id="3B743CA5E77C67410CAEC28C2F7BFE4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4170280304" box="[199,1328,467,494]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao Island" location="Barangay Lunotan" municipality="Gingoog City" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Misamis Oriental" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CAEC28C2B2DFE4C" bold="true" box="[199,358,467,494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<typeStatus id="54A7885AE77C67410CAEC28C2B49FE4F" box="[199,258,468,494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30B7668E77C67410D05C28C285FFE4F" box="[364,532,468,494]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C24E74E77C67410E76C28B2894FE4C" box="[543,735,467,493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Mindanao Island</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F81AE77C67410E83C28B29FAFE4C" box="[746,945,467,493]" country="Philippines" name="Misamis Oriental" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Misamis Oriental</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7AC82E77C67410FD2C28B2E1EFE4C" box="[955,1109,467,493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Gingoog City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC36023E77C67410808C28C2F7BFE4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC:8EC36023E77C67410808C28C2F7BFE4F" box="[1121,1328,468,494]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao Island" municipality="Gingoog City" name="Barangay Lunotan" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="Misamis Oriental">Barangay Lunotan</location>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066573E77C67410CAEC2AF288BFCAC" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CAEC2AF2EA0FDB3" blockId="6.[151,1437,251,782]" box="[199,1259,503,530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CAEC2AF2B2AFDB0" bold="true" box="[199,353,503,529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30B7668E77C67410D0EC2A02847FDB3" box="[359,524,504,530]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
(Mindanao Island:
<collectingRegion id="49D8F81AE77C67410E81C2AF29E4FDB0" box="[744,943,503,529]" country="Philippines" name="Misamis Oriental" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Misamis Oriental</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F81AE77C67410FD3C2AF2E60FDB0" box="[954,1067,503,529]" country="Philippines" name="Bukidnon" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Bukidnon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F81AE77C6741085CC2A02EA9FDB3" box="[1077,1250,503,530]" country="Philippines" name="Agusan del Sur" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Agusan del Sur</collectingRegion>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336F8E77C67410CAEC143288BFCAC" blockId="6.[151,1437,251,782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B968EAEAE77C67410CAEC14328C1FD94" bold="true" box="[199,650,539,566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
Calling song (1J, 29.2±1.2°C) (
<figureCitation id="13272A7DE77C67410E5FC1432830FD94" box="[566,635,539,565]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,182,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,166,1663]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Falcerminthus parvus ♁ calling song: oscillograms showing seven echemes (A) and one echeme (B); spectrogram of the same echeme (C); power spectra of a syllable (D) where the grey line represents the power [dB] (axis name and scale in grey) and the black solid peak represents the relative amplitude (axis name in black)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209429/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
The calling song consists of an echeme including an average of 77±11 discrete syllables (41–90 syllables). The first few (ca. 10) syllables tend to be of lower amplitudes and erratic in duration and intervals; amplitude of syllable gradually increases to a maximum and stabilises at one third of echeme duration. Each echeme has a duration of 1.08±0.13 s (0.61–1.25 s). The average syllable duration is 7.23±0.75 ms (5.60–8.50 ms) and average interval between consecutive syllables is 5.87±0.95 ms (3.90–7.60 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency. The dominant frequency is 18.46±0.45 kHz (17.91–19.41 kHz).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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