311 lines
34 KiB
XML
311 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="2776DDF0A6749726F7E85AA0B90D947A" ID-CLB-Dataset="36820" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4b69269-5a4c-4b5b-9f89-6b314d3ba284" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286556" ID-ZooBank="75210CDC-AC6A-4624-A6F1-1BC969BC7CAA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460452709399" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, Robert Alexander & Wallach, Van" docDate="2014" docId="03B587DDC115B163CFD7CAD0FC40F934" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03829p081.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3829 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Afrotyphlops Broadley & Wallach 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF8CFFA5C13AB14CCF40CA0EFFB9FFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698338434491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="672FF3B014B2146C69FFAF2F641DA635" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB711177690A3A52369CC286B148EF77">
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<mods:title id="752D220C94D2D27F7C888E60D2C3B9E4">Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BEFEC7D6056A5BEC983AB250F43763FA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3740415432BB2369B9378C945D4A022C">Pyron, Robert Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="AF174646505168A87160BDA79A0BDA6C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="14F2257967AA74E03D800A34C7D33E91">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A25BF9FB5086EC0754E0A0B2847156AC">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A77392B72D0ED2ADF340693912ECEB4E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4EE70218A8F746DE76BEE1B13DC03F38">
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<mods:date id="CAA595BEA1DB92A0D54A9360DE7558C9">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1037269A79D93A7A42C45BB8E7CF49D1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4C7CDED01A9A695DB56F487059968E93">3829</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="91AD29968AC07D3E8A37E3D0173DFBB7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3B99939B8FA5603F49DB87357D7477C9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A83D3489C952B44222AAF45D4EC8F8CA" type="CLB-Dataset">36820</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="32CB268E5DD21E7075CADB1CB05D5E10" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7E9ECA87874771C60CD35673B5093004" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B587DDC115B163CFD7CAD0FC40F934" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6127980" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6127980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587DDC115B163CFD7CAD0FC40F934" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587DDC115B163CFD7CAD0FC40F934" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C115B163CFD7CAD0FD3AFF5A" box="[151,643,222,248]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CFD7CAD0FD3AFF5A" blockId="47.[151,643,222,248]" box="[151,643,222,248]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="D0EB81A7C115B163CFD7CAD0FD3AFF5A" bold="true" box="[151,643,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CFD7CAD0FD3AFF5A" authority="Broadley & Wallach, 2009" authorityName="Broadley & Wallach" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,643,222,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CFD7CAD0FD3AFF5A" bold="true" box="[151,643,222,248]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CFD7CAD0FE8DFF5A" bold="true" box="[151,308,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC115B163CE7ACAD0FD3AFF5A" author="Broadley" box="[314,643,222,248]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Broadley, D. G. & Wallach, V. (2009) A review of the eastern and southern African blind-snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), excluding Letheobia Cope, with the description of two new genera and a new species. Zootaxa, 2255, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="2009">Broadley & Wallach, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C115B163CFD7CB2BFBBDFE6F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CFD7CB2BFC90FE9C" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" box="[151,809,293,318]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CFD7CB2BFE8BFE9C" bold="true" box="[151,306,293,318]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="54A78869C115B163CFD7CB2BFF6BFE9C" box="[151,210,293,318]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE79CB28FDE3FE9C" authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" box="[313,602,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Acontias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CE79CB28FDB6FE9F" box="[313,527,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Acontias punctatus</emphasis>
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Leach
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CD21CB28FDCEFE9F" box="[609,631,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC115B163CD3ECB2BFC90FE9C" author="Bowdich" box="[638,809,293,318]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Bowdich, T. E. (1819) Descriptions par M. le Dr. W. E. Leach, de quelques nouveaux genres et especes d'animaux dcouverts en Afrique. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 88, 258 - 260." type="journal article" year="1819">Bowdich, 1819</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CF87CB47FBBDFE6F" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CF87CB47FE3CFEC0" bold="true" box="[199,389,329,354]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Species content.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CECCCB47FDD0FEC0" box="[396,617,329,354]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CECCCB47FDD0FEC0" box="[396,617,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops angeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?),
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CDDDCB47FEB2FE0B" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDDDCB47FCFBFEC0" box="[669,834,329,354]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CDDDCB47FCFBFEC0" bold="true" box="[669,834,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. angolensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CC10CB47FC5EFEC0" box="[848,999,329,354]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">Af. anomalus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CCB2CB47FBC1FEC0" box="[1010,1144,329,354]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bibronii">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CCB2CB47FBC1FEC0" bold="true" box="[1010,1144,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. bibronii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CBC6CB47FAA6FEC0" box="[1158,1311,329,354]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordii">Af. blanfordii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CA6BCB47FA21FEC0" box="[1323,1432,329,354]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">Af. brevis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CFD7CB63FE8AFE27" box="[151,307,365,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="congestus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CFD7CB63FE8AFE27" bold="true" box="[151,307,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. congestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE02CB60FE64FE24" box="[322,477,365,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decorosus">Af. decorosus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CEAACB63FDD5FE24" box="[490,620,365,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CEAACB63FDD5FE24" bold="true" box="[490,620,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CD3BCB63FCAEFE24" box="[635,791,365,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fornasinii">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CD3BCB63FCAEFE24" bold="true" box="[635,791,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. fornasinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CC67CB60FC19FE27" box="[807,928,366,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gierrai">Af. gierrai</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CCECCB60FBF8FE24" box="[940,1089,365,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaimosae">Af. kaimosae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CB0CCB60FB52FE24" box="[1100,1259,365,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liberiensis">Af. liberiensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CBB8CB63FA2CFE24" box="[1272,1429,365,390]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CBB8CB63FA2CFE24" bold="true" box="[1272,1429,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. lineolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CFD7CB9FFEB2FE0B" box="[151,267,401,425]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manni">Af. manni</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(?),
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CE0ECB9FFCA8FE6F" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE0ECB9FFE5DFE0A" box="[334,484,401,426]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucruso">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CE0ECB9FFE5DFE0A" bold="true" box="[334,484,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. mucruso</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CEBACB9FFDD7FE0B" box="[506,622,401,425]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">Af. nanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDC0CB9FFCEBFE08" box="[640,850,401,426]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrocandidus">Af. nigrocandidus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CC24CB9FFC57FE08" box="[868,1006,401,426]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CC24CB9FFC57FE08" bold="true" box="[868,1006,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. obtusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CB44CB9FFB1FFE0A" box="[1028,1190,401,426]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Acontias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CB44CB9FFB1FFE0A" bold="true" box="[1028,1190,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. punctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CBFCCB9FFADEFE08" box="[1212,1383,401,426]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rondoensis">Af. rondoensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CA39CB9FFEBDFE6C" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CA39CB9FFEBDFE6C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. schlegelii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE52CBB8FE22FE6C" box="[274,411,437,462]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">Af. schmidti</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CEE5CBB8FDF9FE6C" box="[421,576,437,462]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinhausi">Af. steinhausi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CD0CCBB8FCB4FE6F" box="[588,781,438,462]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanganicanus">Af. tanganicanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CC07CBB8FC44FE6C" box="[839,1021,437,462]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usambaricus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CC07CBB8FC44FE6C" box="[839,1021,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. usambaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C115B163CF87CBD7FEDDFB90" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CF87CBD7FD06FC64" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CF87CBD7FEF8FE50" bold="true" box="[199,321,473,498]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE0ACBD7FE63FE50" box="[330,474,473,498]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CE0ACBD7FE63FE50" box="[330,474,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other typhlopoids by the combination of a T-0 or T-II
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC115B163CFD7CBF0FF06FDB4" box="[151,191,510,534]" name="Cyprus" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">SIP</collectingCountry>
|
||
, snout either rounded in profile or pointed with a keratinized edge, broad rostral, scale row reduction (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CFD7C82FFE91FD98" box="[151,296,545,570]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaimosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CFD7C82FFE91FD98" box="[151,296,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. kaimosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), large body size, pigmented dorsum and (presumably vestigial) left lung. Small- to large-sized (total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B2EC115B163CFA7C84BFECFFDFC" box="[231,374,581,606]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.185" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="0.8699999999999999" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="518.5" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="87.0">87–950 mm</quantity>
|
||
), stout- to slender-bodied (length/width ratio 17–95, but usually 20–40) snakes with 18–44 scale rows (usually with reduction), 232–624 total middorsals, short to moderate tail (0.7–2.9% total length) with 5–16 subcaudals (length/width ratio 0.6–1.6), and apical spine minute. Moderate to broad rostral (0.40–0.75 head width), inferior nasal suture in contact with first supralabial (or rarely the rostral), preocular in contact with second, second and third, or third supralabial, eye moderate with distinct pupil, and postoculars 2–7. Lateral tongue papillae present; vestigial left lung present in most species, tracheal, cardiac and right lungs multicameral (with 18–52 + 1–13 + 1–12 chambers, respectively); testes usually unsegmented; hemipenis eversible, lacking retrocloacal sacs, and rectal caecum large (0.5–5.7% SVL). Coloration variable with three main dorsum
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78869C115B163CA19C94CFA21FCF8" box="[1369,1432,834,858]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: uniformly brown to black, with lineate effect due to darkened scale edges, or with a dark mottled or blotched pattern on a lighter background color; venter usually cream or yellow and immaculate; supralabials, lower snout, chin, cloacal region and subcaudals may be light.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CF87C9DFFEDDFB90" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CF87C9DFFE5BFC48" bold="true" box="[199,482,977,1002]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
|
||
Includes the MRCA of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDB9C9DFFC47FC4B" box="[761,1022,977,1002]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CDB9C9DFFC47FC4B" box="[761,1022,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CB78C9DCFB0FFC48" box="[1080,1206,977,1002]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CB78C9DCFB0FFC48" box="[1080,1206,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all descendants thereof, and all species more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDFDC9F8FCEDFBAF" box="[701,852,1014,1038]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CDFDC9F8FCEDFBAF" box="[701,852,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78869C115B163CCA5C9F8FBACFBAC" box="[997,1045,1014,1038]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the 15 other typhlopid genera listed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C115B163CF87CE33FC10FBF4" box="[199,937,1085,1110]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CF87CE33FC10FBF4" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" box="[199,937,1085,1110]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CF87CE33FEF7FBF4" bold="true" box="[199,334,1085,1110]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Name refers to the African distribution of all species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C115B163CF87CE6FFD1EFBD8" box="[199,679,1121,1146]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CF87CE6FFD1EFBD8" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" box="[199,679,1121,1146]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CF87CE6FFED9FBD8" bold="true" box="[199,352,1121,1146]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Most of sub-Saharan Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C115B163CF87CE8BFC40F934" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CF87CE8BFBC2FA8C" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CF87CE8BFE82FB3C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1157,1182]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Note that we include in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CD0CCE8BFD62FB3C" box="[588,731,1157,1182]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CD0CCE8BFD62FB3C" box="[588,731,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
several species placed in other genera by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC115B163CBF1CE8BFA21FB3C" box="[1201,1432,1157,1182]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1 - 61." type="journal article">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CA4CCE88FAFDFB3C" box="[1292,1348,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE4DCEA4FEC5FB60" box="[269,380,1193,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CE4DCEA4FEC5FB60" box="[269,380,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. angeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CEF6CEA4FD9CFB63" box="[438,549,1194,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CEF6CEA4FD9CFB63" box="[438,549,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Af. manni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are tentatively allied with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CCEECEA7FB87FB60" box="[942,1086,1193,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CCEECEA7FB87FB60" box="[942,1086,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on stout body form and dorsal pigmentation. These species are very poorly known, and without molecular data they cannot be unambiguously placed in any afrotyphlopine genus, but we suggest they more closely resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CB8CCEFFFAE5FAA8" box="[1228,1372,1265,1290]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CB8CCEFFFAE5FAA8" box="[1228,1372,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This follows recent classifications placing these species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDB1CF1BFBCEFA8C" authority="Wallach et al. 2014" authorityName="Wallach et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[753,1143,1301,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CDB1CF1BFC38FA8C" box="[753,897,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
(Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CCB3CF18FB95FA8C" box="[1011,1068,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC115B163CF87CF37FC40F934" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,1686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC115B163CE21CF37FDFFFAF0" box="[353,582,1337,1362]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1 - 61." type="journal article">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CEFCCF34FE4DFAF0" box="[444,500,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CDDECF37FADCFAF3" box="[670,1381,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDDECF37FC47FAF0" authority="Mad." authorityName="Mad." box="[670,1022,1337,1362]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabresii">Madatyphlops calabresii, Mad.</taxonomicName>
|
||
comoroensis, Mad.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CBA0CF34FADCFAF3" box="[1248,1381,1338,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuneirostris">cuneirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CFD7CF53FEC4FAD4" box="[151,381,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Mad.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CF9FCF53FEC4FAD4" box="[223,381,1373,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyrhynchus">platyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CEEECF53FDF3FAD4" box="[430,586,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphylops</emphasis>
|
||
, but they are clearly allied with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CCA3CF53FB3AFAD4" box="[995,1155,1373,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CCA3CF53FB3AFAD4" box="[995,1155,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Madatyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a number of characters (Tables 2, 3, 5). The species
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CD2FCF8FFC9DFA38" box="[623,804,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Mad.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDF5CF8FFC9DFA38" box="[693,804,1409,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabresii">calabresii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CC24CF8FFB97FA3B" box="[868,1070,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Mad.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CCE9CF8CFB97FA3B" box="[937,1070,1410,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuneirostris">cuneirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exhibit a T-V
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC115B163CBA2CF8CFAB3FA38" box="[1250,1290,1410,1434]" name="Cyprus" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">SIP</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a condition otherwise unknown in Afrotyphlopinae but common in Madatyphlopinae (Table 2). Similarly,
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CB8CCFABFA25FA1F" box="[1228,1436,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mad. comoroensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CF86CFC7FE1CFA40" box="[198,421,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Mad.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE47CFC7FE1CFA40" box="[263,421,1481,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyrhynchus">platyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have a T-III
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC115B163CD76CFC4FDE7FA40" box="[566,606,1482,1506]" name="Cyprus" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">SIP</collectingCountry>
|
||
, common in Madatyphlopinae but otherwise unknown in Afrotyphlopinae (Table 2). Unlike
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CE27CFE3FE47F9A4" box="[359,510,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE27CFE3FE43F9A4" box="[359,506,1517,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Afrotyphlops</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
none of these species exhibit a vestigial left lung, the nasal suture contacts the second supralabial instead of the first, the supralabials increase in size posteriorly instead of being low and flat, they exhibit 2–3 postoculars instead of 3–5, the rostral is <50% of head width instead of 50–75%, and they are less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B2EC115B163CF91CC57FE9EF9D0" box="[209,295,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="275.0">275mm</quantity>
|
||
TL, rather than>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B2EC115B163CEB7CC54FDF7F9D0" box="[503,590,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="300.0">300mm</quantity>
|
||
(Tables 2, 3). Additionally, the visceral anatomy of these species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CE48CC73FE11F934" box="[264,424,1661,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CE48CC73FE11F934" box="[264,424,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Madatyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but markedly different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C115B163CDB6CC73FC3FF934" box="[758,902,1661,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C115B163CDB6CC73FC3FF934" box="[758,902,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69E0370C115B163CCD5CC73FC52F934" box="[917,1003,1661,1686]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="48.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1337,362,2013]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="TABLE 5. Visceral character states comparing Malagasy Lemuriatyphlops (LEM) with Malagasy Madatyphlops (Malagasy MAD) and African Madatyphlops (African MAD), based on measurement of the specimens in Appendix II (part). Characters are as follows: data in sections (A) - (D) represent sample means as % SVL; organ lengths (PT = posterior tip) are included in section (A); organ midpoints (MP) are listed in section (B); organ gaps (GAP) and intervals (INT) are compiled in section (C); organ midpoint intervals (MP-MP INT) are included in section (D); meristic values are listed in section (E); ratios of two characters listed in (F)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF636643C10AB17CCFD7CA96FC9AFEED" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF636643C10AB17CCFD7CA96FC9AFEED">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |