235 lines
28 KiB
XML
235 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="E622D020A6B57EFF0DE518B41D78A14E" ID-DOI="10.13133/2284-4880/722" ID-ISSN="2284-4880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8148219" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1689361033799" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Scupola, Antonio, Durante, Antonio, Giannuzzi, Francesco & Pellizzari, Giuseppina" docDate="2022" docId="038D6E49FFCEFFBEAE19A633FCE8F927" docLanguage="en" docName="FragEntomol.54.1.89-94.pdf" docOrigin="Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.13133/2284-4880/722" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8499FF4308F512386C0E43DC290A16BD.1:FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="8499FF4308F512386C0E43DC290A16BD" docStyleName="FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Eumyrmococcus corinthiacus Williams 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="FFB41631FFCDFFBAAD29A267FFEBFFEB" masterDocTitle="The coccid-tending ant genus Acropyga Roger and its obligate associated myrmecophilous scale insect genus Eumyrmococcus Silvestri new to Italy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Hemiptera: Xenococcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1689957478901" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="32C69F0C924C234F2EEBB9BC072ABFDD">The coccid-tending ant genus Acropyga Roger and its obligate associated myrmecophilous scale insect genus Eumyrmococcus Silvestri new to Italy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Hemiptera: Xenococcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="048D942B2095362A0C70B43E25A04185">Scupola, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8CF9E898A2243C8A0912996861F7F252">Natural History Museum of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, 37139 Verona, Italy - scupolant @ outlook. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C829C1E0B9BA46F2A75A975A08808C2B" type="email">scupolant@outlook.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="77CEF60EAAF195F8950810CF3AE5C250">Durante, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5685CA2D3AFBB426BEB3FCAE2C3B2B46">Natural History Museum of Salento, Strada Provinciale Calimera - Borgagne Km 1, 73021 Calimera (LE), Italy - antonio. durante @ msns. it - francesco. giannuzzi 90 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9413768227922D86C036B70783ABBAEE" type="email">antonio.durante@msns.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3F6C5AB873D95A1AA9CC7AFD3110E7A4">Giannuzzi, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ABB86500DB68682428B924B2A025267D">Natural History Museum of Salento, Strada Provinciale Calimera - Borgagne Km 1, 73021 Calimera (LE), Italy - antonio. durante @ msns. it - francesco. giannuzzi 90 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6C23DD2A4C724603855C4AB9D846031" type="email">antonio.durante@msns.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B63CCF59F995EDDC164FA8559FF6B329">Pellizzari, Giuseppina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD2850CF2B73DC3C824355449B81BCCF">Università degli studi di Padova, Dipartimento DAFNAE - Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy - giuseppina. pellizzari @ unipd. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="50C250487366FF75058B11F34EB7F5B7" type="email">giuseppina.pellizzari@unipd.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="563940FAA6FC9A00D0A1E4D2C470E74B">Fragmenta entomologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BD3D10527985D98340D9DEA0F92A59D1">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E9DAEDDF90EFBD98BA5BD68002B8ABF0">2022-05-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8C083BC2C660397E9A379D856533AC24">54</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9EA2D7FA2EA616CB10902D605B4D554D">http://dx.doi.org/10.13133/2284-4880/722</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="797398DB0B72224C84DE457678524225" type="DOI">10.13133/2284-4880/722</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B5DEF9FADDEEA4943D9036DD5F7464E" type="ISSN">2284-4880</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038D6E49FFCEFFBEAE19A633FCE8F927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D6E49FFCEFFBEAE19A633FCE8F927" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D6E49FFCEFFBEAE19A633FCE8F927" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection id="C33E8CD4FFCEFFB9AE19A633FACCFB87" box="[816,1319,1108,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFCEFFB9AE19A633FACCFB87" blockId="3.[816,1319,1108,1132]" box="[816,1319,1108,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<heading id="D0D36833FFCEFFB9AE19A633FACCFB87" bold="true" box="[816,1319,1108,1132]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFCEFFB9AE19A633FACCFB87" ID-CoL="6GZ3F" authority="Williams, 1993" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[816,1319,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFCEFFB9AE19A633FACCFB87" bold="true" box="[816,1319,1108,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFCEFFB9AE19A633FB92FB87" bold="true" box="[816,1145,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Eumyrmococcus corinthiacus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFCEFFB9A956A633FACCFB87" author="Williams D. J." box="[1151,1319,1108,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" pagination="216 - 220" refId="ref4381" refString="Williams D. J. 1993. A new species of mealybug from Greece, the first from Europe belonging to the ant-attended genus Eumyrmococcus Silvestri (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 44: 216 - 220." type="journal article" year="1993">Williams, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E8CD4FFCEFFBEAE19A6F2FCE8F927" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFCEFFB9AE19A6F2FB90FAE7" blockId="3.[814,1437,1172,1452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFCEFFB9AE19A6F2FB81FB47" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[816,1130,1172,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFCEFFB9AE19A6F2FB81FB47" box="[816,1130,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Eumyrmococcus corinthiacus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFCEFFB9A841A6F2FBF4FB27" authority="Tang, 1992" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="1992" family="Xenococcidae" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" rank="family">
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Xenococcidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFCEFFB9AE8AA6D2FBF4FB27" author="Tang F. T." box="[931,1055,1204,1229]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" refId="ref4237" refString="Tang F. T. 1992. The Pseudococcidae of China. Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing. 260 pp." type="book" year="1992">Tang, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a family of subterranean, obligate myrmecophilous mealybugs, characterized by unique morphological and biological traits.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFCEFFBEAE7FA773FD9BFDC6" blockId="3.[814,1437,1172,1452]" lastBlockId="4.[150,773,180,1516]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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The family is composed of 3 genera:
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFCEFFB9A9E3A772FA9FFAC7" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1926" box="[1226,1396,1301,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFCEFFB9A9E3A772FA9FFAC7" box="[1226,1396,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Eumyrmococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(20 species),
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFCEFFB9AEBBA753FBFEFAA7" authorityName="Williams & de Willink" authorityYear="1992" box="[914,1045,1332,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFCEFFB9AEBBA753FBFEFAA7" box="[914,1045,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Neochavesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(8 species), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFCEFFB9A9E7A752FAA2FAA7" authorityName="Thuret" authorityYear="1880" box="[1230,1353,1333,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Xenococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFCEFFB9A9E7A752FAA2FAA7" box="[1230,1353,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Xenococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(5 species). Their systematic position has been controversial because of their peculiar morphological and biological characteristics. For a long time, xenococcids were considered to belong to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEADE9A2D3FE8DFF27" box="[192,358,180,204]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
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, but they differ from pseudococcids in many morphological characters: e.g., the females do not have ducts, pores or ostioles; antennae have only 2 or 4 segments; eyes are absent; the anal ring lacks pores; the anal lobes have long setae; and the males are small, larva-like, apterous and without eyes, and the legs and antennae are strongly reduced (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEADB7A313FED3FE67" author="Hodgson C. J." box="[158,312,372,396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref3465" refString="Hodgson C. J. 2012 Comparison of the morphology of the adult males of the Rhizoecine, Phenacoccine and Pseudococcine mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea), with the recognition of the family Rhizoecidae Williams. Zootaxa, 3291: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="2012">Hodgson 2012</bibRefCitation>
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; Gavrilov Zimin 2018). Moreover, the female developmental cycle of some Xenococcinae (e.g.,
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAF85A3F3FF26FE27" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Neochavasia</emphasis>
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species and
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAC7DA3D2FDE7FE27" authority="Silvestri" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1926" box="[340,524,436,460]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
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<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAC7DA3D2FE5AFE27" box="[340,433,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">E. smithi</emphasis>
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Silvestri
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</taxonomicName>
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) is characterized by the presence of a quiescent pupal stage in the third instar (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEAFFDA3B3FEE1FDE7" author="Williams D. J." pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="73 - 77" refId="ref4340" refString="Williams D. J. 1987. Unusual instars in Xenococcus annandalei Silvestri (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ' Filippo Silvestri', 43 (1986 - Suppl.): 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="1987">Williams 1987</bibRefCitation>
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, 2004; Kishimoto-Yamada et al. 2015) whereas in other mealybug families this is a trophic stage.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5B8FD7FFCEFFB9AE19A51FFADFF860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8148233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8148233" box="[816,1332,1912,1931]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8148233/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" startId="3.[816,847,1912,1931]" targetBox="[816,1436,1478,1894]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFCEFFB9AE19A51FFADFF860" blockId="3.[816,1332,1912,1931]" box="[816,1332,1912,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFCEFFB9AE19A51FFC9FF860" bold="true" box="[816,884,1912,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Fig. 7 –</emphasis>
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Subgenital plate of adult male
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFCEFFB9A957A51FFAC4F860" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1150,1327,1912,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleartica">Acropyga paleartica</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFC9FFBEAD94A052FE28FC47" blockId="4.[150,773,180,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEAD94A052FEAEFDA7" author="Tang F. T." box="[189,325,564,589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" refId="ref4237" refString="Tang F. T. 1992. The Pseudococcidae of China. Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing. 260 pp." type="book" year="1992">Tang (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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erected the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAF39A053FD7CFDA7" box="[528,663,564,588]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xenococcini">Xenococcini</taxonomicName>
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for these peculiar scale insects, in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAF1CA033FD52FD87" box="[565,697,596,620]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhizoecinae">Rhizoecinae</taxonomicName>
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(
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAFEFA033FEFFFD67" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEAC01A013FE37FD67" author="Hodgson C. J." box="[296,476,628,652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref3465" refString="Hodgson C. J. 2012 Comparison of the morphology of the adult males of the Rhizoecine, Phenacoccine and Pseudococcine mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea), with the recognition of the family Rhizoecidae Williams. Zootaxa, 3291: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="2012">Hodgson (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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, based on male morphology, concluded that
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAC4FA0F3FE01FD47" box="[358,490,660,684]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhizoecinae">Rhizoecinae</taxonomicName>
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mealybugs were separate from the
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAC20A0D3FE58FD27" box="[265,435,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
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and elevated them to family
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEADBEA0B3FEF5FD07" box="[151,286,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Rhizoecidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhizoecidae</taxonomicName>
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, containing two subfamilies:
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<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAF56A0B3FCE8FD07" box="[639,771,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhizoecinae">Rhizoecinae</taxonomicName>
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Williams and Xenococcinae Tang.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEAF08A093FECEFCC7" author="Danzig E. M. & Gavrilov-Zimin I. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="139" refId="ref3306" refString="during her mating flight. Naturwissenschaften, 74: 139. Danzig E. M., Gavrilov-Zimin I. A. 2014. Palaearctic mealybugs" type="journal article" year="2014">Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subsequently elevated Xenococcinae to family rank (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEADD7A153FE77FCA7" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="1992" box="[254,412,820,844]" family="Xenococcidae" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" rank="family">Xenococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This position was explained in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEADD4A133FE1CFC87" author="Gavrilov-Zimin I. A." box="[253,503,852,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref3429" refString="Gavrilov-Zimin I. A. 2018. Ontogenesis, morphology and higher classification of archeacococcids (Homoptera: Coccinea: Or- thezoiidea). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2018 (2): 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="2018">Gavrilov-Zimin (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the family was also recognised based on male morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEAF73A113FCEBFC67" author="Hodgson C. J." box="[602,768,884,908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref3512" refString="Hodgson C. J. 2020. A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males. Zootaxa, 4765 (1): 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="2020">Hodgson 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEADBEA1F3FE5CFC47" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. & Miller D. & Miller G. & Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[151,439,916,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" refId="ref3361" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D, Miller D. R, Miller G. L, Ben- Dov Y., Hardy N. B. 2016. ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Doi: 10.1093 / database / bav 118. Retrieved from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed February 2021)." type="book" year="2016">Garcia Morales et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFC9FFBEAD94A1D2FDA9FB87" blockId="4.[150,773,180,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAD94A1D2FE86FC27" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1926" box="[189,365,949,972]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAD94A1D2FE86FC27" box="[189,365,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Eumyrmococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have a large head and thorax, abdomen rather tapering and, in profile, curved upwards.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEADBEA192FE70FBE7" box="[151,411,1012,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEADBEA192FEACFBE7" box="[151,327,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Eumyrmococcus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on the phloem of plant roots and live underground in ant-nest tunnels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAF43A673FCEFFBC7" box="[618,772,1044,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAF43A673FD3AFBC0" box="[618,721,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Acropyga</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ants. As discussed above, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAF0AA652FD2EFBA7" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[547,709,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAF0AA652FD2EFBA7" box="[547,709,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">E. corinthiacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is associated to the ant
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAC76A633FDA9FB87" box="[351,578,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAC76A633FDD6FB87" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[351,573,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleartica">Acropyga paleartica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFC9FFBEAD94A613FD02FAE7" blockId="4.[150,773,180,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
Based on the description and key by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEAF71A613FD14FB67" author="Williams D. J." box="[600,767,1140,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="216 - 220" refId="ref4381" refString="Williams D. J. 1993. A new species of mealybug from Greece, the first from Europe belonging to the ant-attended genus Eumyrmococcus Silvestri (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 44: 216 - 220." type="journal article" year="1993">Williams (1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5A2AEFFC9FFBEADBEA6F3FF25FB47" author="Williams D. J." box="[151,206,1172,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref4424" refString="Williams D. J. 1998. Mealybugs of the genera Eumyrmococcus Silvestri and Xenococcus Silvestri associated with the ant genus Acropyga Roger and a review of the subfamily Rhizoecinae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Entomology Series (London), 67: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEADC3A6F2FDCEFB47" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[234,549,1172,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEADC3A6F2FDCEFB47" box="[234,549,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Eumyrmococcus corinthiacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily identified by having 4-segmented antennae and 3 thick setae on each anal lobe, with 2 setae longer and stouter than the other. The longer setae each have the apical part curved, like a hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFC9FFBEAD94A773FD14FA07" blockId="4.[150,773,180,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAC24A772FE5AFAC7" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[269,433,1300,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAC24A772FE5AFAC7" box="[269,433,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">E. corinthiacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F61FDFFC9FFBEAFFCA772FCE8FAC6" box="[725,771,1301,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Perachora, Corinth,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3339FCFFFC9FFBEACFDA753FDCFFAA7" box="[468,548,1332,1356]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The present record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAD9DA732FEBDFA87" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[180,342,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAD9DA732FEBDFA87" box="[180,342,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">E. corinthiacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E011BDFFC9FFBEAC5EA733FDE1FA87" box="[375,522,1364,1388]" country="Italy" name="Puglia" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Apulia region</collectingRegion>
|
||
is the first for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3339FCFFFC9FFBEAF8CA733FD3DFA87" box="[677,726,1364,1388]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the second in Europe. As it is known that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAF76A712FCE8FA67" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[607,771,1396,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAF76A712FCE8FA67" box="[607,771,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">E. corinthiacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the ant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAC26A7F3FE48FA47" authorityName="Menozzi" authorityYear="1936" box="[271,419,1428,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palearctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAC26A7F3FE48FA47" box="[271,419,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A. palearctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are obligate symbionts, it is likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEADCFA7D2FE67FA27" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1993" box="[230,396,1460,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Eumyrmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corinthiacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEADCFA7D2FE67FA27" box="[230,396,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">E. corinthiacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also present in Greek locations where only the ant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24A4DCFFC9FFBEAC4DA7B3FE04FA07" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[356,495,1492,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleartica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEAC4DA7B3FE04FA07" box="[356,495,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A. paleartica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded so far.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BDF5FFFC9FFBEADBEA471FCE8F927" blockId="4.[151,771,1558,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950034DFFC9FFBEADBEA471FEB7F9C7" bold="true" box="[151,348,1558,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
|
||
– We thank Gillian Watson (Natural History Museum, London) who kindly read the text and revised English language, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. Many thanks to Prof. Giacomo Santini (University of Florence) for his valuable advice on the study of the samples, and Gabriele Pellegrino (MSNS) for his kind help in collecting material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |