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<document id="90D97F8AD64F89DDF2A6FB507BB636AA" ID-CLB-Dataset="8640" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fa031765-b474-48aa-9d7e-b62dd092cfa4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448697" ID-ZooBank="92ECCF97-7315-4A1A-A94A-537D0F331EBF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611041096358" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skartveit, John &amp; Wedmann, Sonja" docDate="2021" docId="035E87B2FF92FFBDFF0230DCFC6FD0B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4909.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4909 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plecia rhenana Heyden &amp; Heyden. It 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FF67FFCAFFB0FF9EFF953571FFBBD142" masterDocTitle="A Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698924763774" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="464C424ADEB08E86D9B230A5ABFA08D6">A Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89F4E3C5E0101F7DD84A28D43A625B14">Skartveit, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4C0E3EEB53D91F50F5A17CE1E966622">Wedmann, Sonja</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="870DB14A95270628BACE869B9825B0D2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9778-4125</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E30C42C0BD3BFA9C96EB8CB5F3BFFF3F" type="email">edmann@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="44E491CB009C1A7B2689C1CEBC399028">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FE927BC99263B8D358F588C3E9073273">
<mods:date id="B5755EE6C868F9B3362812909779C081">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="172DD928E261870CAAEAFC74A275B712">2021-01-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="10C8E10BAE82CDCF9DEE489A02870B65">4909</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B9F8D54EAD88FCB90E8DAF8E07E37F15">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="74C0BAE269270FA2D144A218DB7E72EB" type="CLB-Dataset">8640</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E713F071A2077986DB7D9D69297D8150" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="035E87B2FF92FFBDFF0230DCFC6FD0B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448751" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177132536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:035E87B2FF92FFBDFF0230DCFC6FD0B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/035E87B2FF92FFBDFF0230DCFC6FD0B7" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF92FFBCFF0230DCFCCBD485" box="[151,880,1453,1480]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF0230DCFCCBD485" blockId="34.[151,880,1453,1480]" box="[151,880,1453,1480]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D00081C8FF92FFBCFF0230DCFCCBD485" bold="true" box="[151,880,1453,1480]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF92FFBCFF0230DCFCCBD485" bold="true" box="[151,880,1453,1480]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF92FFBCFF0230DCFD32D485" ID-CoL="8DFJ2" authority="Heyden &amp; Heyden, 1865" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden. It" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,649,1453,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF92FFBCFF0230DCFEEBD48A" bold="true" box="[151,336,1453,1480]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plecia rhenana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FF92FFBCFEC230DFFD32D485" author="Heyden, C. H. G. von &amp; Heyden, L. F. J. D. von" box="[343,649,1453,1480]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref50399" refString="Heyden, C. H. G. von &amp; Heyden, L. F. J. D. von (1865) Bibioniden aus der rheinischen Braunkohle von Rott. Palaeontographica, 14, 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1865">Heyden &amp; Heyden, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(figs. 55, 158–159)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF92FFBCFF023083FD75D711" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF023083FD38D748" blockId="34.[151,643,1522,1546]" box="[151,643,1522,1546]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABE7118AFF92FFBCFF023083FD38D748" box="[151,643,1522,1546]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitation id="0A5610B5FF92FFBCFF023083FDC4D748" author="Heyden, C. H. G. von &amp; Heyden, L. F. J. D. von" box="[151,639,1522,1546]" page="29" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF92FFBCFF023083FDC4D748" ID-CoL="8DFJ2" authority="Heyden &amp; Heyden 1865: 28 - 29" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden. It" authorityPageNumber="28 - 29" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,639,1522,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF92FFBCFF023083FE89D748" box="[151,306,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plecia rhenana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FF92FFBCFEAC3083FDC4D748" author="Heyden, C. H. G. von &amp; Heyden, L. F. J. D. von" box="[313,639,1522,1546]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref50399" refString="Heyden, C. H. G. von &amp; Heyden, L. F. J. D. von (1865) Bibioniden aus der rheinischen Braunkohle von Rott. Palaeontographica, 14, 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1865">Heyden &amp; Heyden 1865: 28–29</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF023349FD75D711" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" box="[151,718,1592,1619]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF92FFBCFF023349FEB1D710" bold="true" box="[151,266,1592,1618]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Localities</emphasis>
: Rott. Also in Aix-en-Provence,
<collectingCountry id="F3E07634FF92FFBCFDEF3348FD71D711" box="[634,714,1593,1619]" name="France" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF92FFBCFF52332DFD6DD734" box="[199,726,1628,1654]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF52332DFD6DD734" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" box="[199,726,1628,1654]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Female redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FF92FFBCFE59332DFD69D734" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." box="[460,722,1628,1654]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF92FFBCFF5233F1FC77D7D9" box="[199,972,1664,1691]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF5233F1FC77D7D9" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" box="[199,972,1664,1691]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF92FFBCFF5233F1FE12D7D8" bold="true" box="[199,425,1664,1690]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B9F3CF9FF92FFBCFE2D33F1FC77D7D9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026467307" box="[440,972,1664,1691]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF92FFBCFE2D33F1FD9BD7D8" box="[440,544,1664,1690]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(female)
<collectionCode id="EDE6AE61FF92FFBCFD1833F0FD4CD7D9" box="[653,759,1665,1691]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
In 38798 (fig. 55).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF92FFBDFF5233D5FDC0D003" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF5233D5FEE1D7FD" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" box="[199,346,1700,1727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF92FFBCFF5233D5FEEAD7FC" bold="true" box="[199,337,1700,1726]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF5233B9FD84D7A1" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" box="[199,575,1736,1763]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Female (N=1, figs. 55, 158–159):</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF52339DFE0AD645" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" box="[199,433,1772,1799]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Total length
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFEC1339DFE16D645" box="[340,429,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF523261FD3CD60C" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Head (
<figureCitation id="13CC2A21FF92FFBCFE843261FEDCD669" box="[273,359,1808,1835]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="64.[151,210,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[535,1052,973,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-48@64.[530,1057,967,1700]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGS. 156–157 Plecia proserpina FIG. 156. Female, habitus. NHMUK 58793. FIG. 157. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.285. FIGS. 158–159. Plecia rhenana FIG. 158. Female, wing. NHMUK In 38798. FIG. 159. Female, head and thorax. NHMUK In 38798." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464696/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">fig.159</figureCitation>
): Length
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFE5A3261FD8FD669" box="[463,564,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="1.01">1.01 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFD103261FD50D669" box="[645,747,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="1.01">1.01 mm</quantity>
, complex eye rather large and flat. Antenna slender, flagellum
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFF023245FF40D60D" box="[151,251,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFED73245FE1DD60D" box="[322,422,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
wide, 8-segmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF523229FC4ED630" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" box="[199,1013,1880,1907]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Thorax: Length
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFEE83229FE6ED631" box="[381,469,1880,1907]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, width 2.0 mm, dark brown, haltere dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBCFF52320CFD95D6F8" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Legs: Slender. Just apical part of tibia and tarsus of fore and mid legs preserved. Tibiae apparently pale, tarsi dark brown. Fore tibia
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFE0C32D1FE54D6F9" box="[409,495,1952,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF92FFBDFF5232B5FA3BD05F" blockId="34.[151,1436,1592,2015]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Wing (
<figureCitation id="13CC2A21FF92FFBCFE8632B5FED4D69D" box="[275,367,1988,2015]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="64.[151,210,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[535,1052,973,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-48@64.[530,1057,967,1700]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGS. 156–157 Plecia proserpina FIG. 156. Female, habitus. NHMUK 58793. FIG. 157. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.285. FIGS. 158–159. Plecia rhenana FIG. 158. Female, wing. NHMUK In 38798. FIG. 159. Female, head and thorax. NHMUK In 38798." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464696/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">fig. 158</figureCitation>
): Length
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFE4F32B5FD8AD69D" box="[474,561,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF92FFBCFD1632B5FD60D69D" box="[643,731,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
, length/width = 2.8. Light brownish fumose, rather narrow and a little pointed. Veins brown, pterostigma oval, brown, quite distinctive. Humeral vein present. Subcosta running close to R but distinctive.
<collectingRegion id="4933F846FF93FFBDFE5035CAFDBED197" box="[453,517,187,213]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Costa</collectingRegion>
extends to a little beyond apex of R
<subScript id="177334E1FF93FFBDFC3C35BCFC78D199" attach="left" box="[937,963,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">4+5</subScript>
. R
<subScript id="177334E1FF93FFBDFC7335BCFC44D199" attach="left" box="[998,1023,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">2+3</subScript>
oblique, gently, evenly curved. R
<subScript id="177334E1FF93FFBDFA1635BCFA26D199" attach="left" box="[1411,1437,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">4+5</subScript>
apically gently curved. R-M vertical. Fork of M asymmetrical, rounded. CuA
<subScript id="177334E1FF93FFBDFC633580FC45D1BD" attach="both" box="[1014,1022,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">2</subScript>
apically distinctly curved basad. CuP fine, curved, running some distance from CuA and parallel to this vein. Vein measurements are given in
<tableCitation id="C675031FFF93FFBDFAB33472FAC7D05F" box="[1318,1404,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="21.[151,239,588,614]" captionText="TABLE 4. Wing vein measurements, genus Plecia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Table 4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF93FFBDFF523456FDC0D003" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,635,294,321]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Abdomen:
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF93FFBDFED13457FE21D003" box="[324,410,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF93FFBDFE743456FD8CD003" box="[481,567,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF93FFBDFF52343BFC6FD0B7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF93FFBDFF52343BFEF6D027" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,333,330,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF93FFBDFF52343BFEFED026" bold="true" box="[199,325,330,356]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Discussion</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF93FFBDFF52341EFC6FD0B7" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
This name obviously has meant different things to different authors.
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF93FFBDFC55341EFB55D0CB" authority="sensu Statz" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden sensu Statz" authorityYear="1943" box="[960,1262,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF93FFBDFC55341EFBD0D0CB" box="[960,1131,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plecia rhenana</emphasis>
sensu Statz
</taxonomicName>
is not
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF93FFBDFAA2341EFE2DD0EF" authority="Heyden &amp; Heyden. It" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden. It" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF93FFBDFAA2341EFF08D0EE" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P. rhenana</emphasis>
Heyden &amp; Heyden.
</taxonomicName>
It differs from the
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF93FFBDFDFA34E2FD6AD0EF" box="[623,721,403,429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in having darkened, not hyaline, wings, being much larger and having a pseudovein along CuA.The
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF93FFBDFDA934C6FD25D093" box="[572,670,439,465]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female has a wing length of
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF93FFBDFC7234C6FBFBD093" box="[999,1088,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
, whereas a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF93FFBDFAC034C6FEC3D0B7" authority="sensu Statz" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden sensu Statz" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF93FFBDFAC034C6FF4FD0B7" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plecia rhenana</emphasis>
sensu Statz
</taxonomicName>
is a very large
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF93FFBDFDB134AAFDD7D0B7" box="[548,620,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF93FFBDFDB134AAFDD7D0B7" box="[548,620,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a wing length of
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF93FFBDFCFC34AAFC6BD0B7" box="[873,976,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="13.7">13.7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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