treatments-xml/data/03/5E/87/035E87B2FF86FFD4FF023078FECFD21C.xml

<document id="1720F56C9784EC8B5AFE0EE0E35D8F7D" ID-CLB-Dataset="8640" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fa031765-b474-48aa-9d7e-b62dd092cfa4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448697" ID-ZooBank="92ECCF97-7315-4A1A-A94A-537D0F331EBF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611041096358" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skartveit, John &amp; Wedmann, Sonja" docDate="2021" docId="035E87B2FF86FFD4FF023078FECFD21C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4909.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4909 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dilophus Krantzii L. Heyden 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="FF67FFCAFFB0FF9EFF953571FFBBD142" masterDocTitle="A Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698924763774" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3A981D0C945204166C7AAF2429CCA1BE">A Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9B0D9D0B1C8214FC9421C59E426D8C8">Skartveit, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4171835502AD40F80DCD3935A25DF724">Wedmann, Sonja</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="035E87B2FF86FFD4FF023078FECFD21C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464991" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177132517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:035E87B2FF86FFD4FF023078FECFD21C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/035E87B2FF86FFD4FF023078FECFD21C" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF86FFA8FF023078FE29D429" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF023078FEFCD461" blockId="54.[151,327,1289,1316]" box="[151,327,1289,1316]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D00081C8FF86FFA8FF023078FEFCD461" bold="true" box="[151,327,1289,1316]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF86FFA8FF023078FEFCD461" bold="true" box="[151,327,1289,1316]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF86FFA8FF023078FEBDD466" ID-CoL="45HX" ID-ENA="157015" authorityName="Krantzii L. Heyden" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,262,1289,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Dilophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF86FFA8FF023078FEBDD466" bold="true" box="[151,262,1289,1316]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Dilophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF023020FE29D429" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[151,402,1361,1388]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF86FFA8FF023020FEB1D429" bold="true" box="[151,266,1361,1387]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Localities</emphasis>
: Kleinkems
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF86FFA8FF523004FB6DD495" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF523004FCE5D4CD" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[199,862,1397,1424]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF86FFA8FF523004FE12D4CD" bold="true" box="[199,425,1397,1423]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material examined</emphasis>
: (2 impressions) NMB F 2110, F 2246
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF5230EBFB6DD495" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Two relatively poorly preserved impressions from Kleinkems. The two impressions are part and counterpart of the same male specimen. These specimens were not further discussed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FF86FFA8FC5930CCFB69D495" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." box="[972,1234,1469,1495]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFF86FFD4FF523090FECFD21C" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF523090FEE1D4BE" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[199,346,1505,1532]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF86FFA8FF523090FEEAD4B9" bold="true" box="[199,337,1505,1531]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF523374FE11D762" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[199,426,1541,1568]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Total length 
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF86FFA8FEC13374FE11D762" box="[340,426,1541,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF523358FE24D725" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Wings not preserved. Thorax, front and hind legs and abdomen reasonably well preserved. The specimen appears yellowish-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF523300FA36D7C9" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[199,1421,1649,1676]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Head: Outline vaguely preserved, length 
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF86FFA8FD013300FD40D7CE" box="[660,763,1649,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.06">1.06 mm</quantity>
. Relatively large, ocellar triangle small and not prominent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF5233E4FDB1D791" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Thorax: Length 2.0 mm, brownish-black. Thoracic spine rows not well preserved, apparently of very short spines. Haltere yellowish-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF5233AFFE09D67D" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Legs: Yellowish-brown. Protibia robust, mesal spines apparently small and not prominent, apical spine circlet with strong, short and blunt spines, not possible to count. Hind leg relatively short and slender, length of hind tibia 
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF86FFA8FF023254FF4BD602" box="[151,240,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
. All tarsi slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF523238FE09D621" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[199,434,1865,1892]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Wing: not preserved.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF52321CFC98D6C5" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[199,803,1901,1928]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abdomen: Length 3.0 mm, yellowish-brown, conical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF5232E0FC6BD6E9" blockId="54.[151,1437,1361,1964]" box="[199,976,1937,1964]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Terminalia: not well preserved. Gonostylus apparently square-tipped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF86FFA8FF0232A8FD79D6B1" blockId="54.[151,706,2009,2035]" box="[151,706,2009,2035]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF86FFA8FF0232A8FD79D6B1" bold="true" box="[151,706,2009,2035]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
For all the following figures, scale bar = 
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FF86FFA8FDE232A8FD06D6B1" box="[631,701,2009,2035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF88662CFF87FFA9FF023643FC57D2D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464662/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,210,818,842]" subCaptionStartIDs="55.[151,198,855,879] 55.[1256,1303,855,879]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 85 &amp; FIG. 86" targetBox="[516,1065,190,789]" targetPageId="55">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF87FFA9FF023643FE63D208" blockId="55.[151,1437,818,915]" box="[151,472,818,843]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
FIGS. 85–90 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF87FFA9FEB03642FE63D208" authorityName="Skartveit &amp; Wedmann" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[293,472,818,843]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperinidae" genus="Hesperinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heeri">Hesperinus heeri</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF87FFA9FF023626FC57D2D1" blockId="55.[151,1437,818,915]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FF023626FF70D22D" bold="true" box="[151,203,855,879]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIG.</emphasis>
85. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF87FFA9FE013626FE49D22D" box="[404,498,855,879]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF87FFA9FD8D3626FC98D22D" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[536,803,855,879]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rottensis">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FD8D3626FD5BD22C" box="[536,736,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Penthetria rottensis</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.233 / LACMIP Type 3383. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FB7D3626FAA7D22D" bold="true" box="[1256,1308,855,879]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIG.</emphasis>
86. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF87FFA9FF42360AFE8ED2D1" box="[215,309,891,915]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF87FFA9FEC2360AFD83D2D1" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[343,568,891,915]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scita">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FEC2360AFE43D2D0" box="[343,504,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Penthetria scita</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.234 / LACMIP Type 3384.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF87FFA9FF0232C1FD0BD6AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448739/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,198,1968,1992]" targetBox="[502,1087,947,1938]" targetPageId="55">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF87FFA9FF0232C1FD0BD6AE" blockId="55.[151,1436,1968,2028]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FF0232C1FF70D68A" bold="true" box="[151,203,1968,1992]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIG.</emphasis>
87. Male, habitus. NHMUK In 58817. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FDCA32C1FD28D68A" bold="true" box="[607,659,1968,1992]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIG.</emphasis>
88. Male, wing. Siegburg Rott-594. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FB9F32C1FB85D68A" bold="true" box="[1034,1086,1968,1992]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIG.</emphasis>
89. Male, terminalia. NHMUK In 58817. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF87FFA9FF7632A5FEACD6AE" bold="true" box="[227,279,2004,2028]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIG.</emphasis>
90. Male, abdomen. Siegburg Rott-594.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF88FFA6FF0236EBFDFDD55C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464666/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,210,922,946]" subCaptionStartIDs="56.[151,198,958,982] 56.[1221,1268,958,982] 56.[359,406,994,1018] 56.[1146,1193,994,1018]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 91 &amp; FIG. 92 &amp; FIG. 93 &amp; FIG. 94" targetBox="[559,1034,189,892]" targetPageId="56">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF88FFA6FF0236EBFE46D2F0" blockId="56.[151,1437,922,1055]" box="[151,509,922,946]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
FIGS. 91–94 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF88FFA6FEB036EBFE46D2F0" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[293,509,922,946]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestimata">Penthetria aestimata</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF88FFA6FF0236CFFDFDD55C" blockId="56.[151,1437,922,1055]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FF0236CFFF70D294" bold="true" box="[151,203,958,982]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
91. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF88FFA6FE1E36CFFE65D294" box="[395,478,958,982]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF88FFA6FE6B36CFFCABD294" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[510,784,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestimata">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FE6B36CFFD6AD294" box="[510,721,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Penthetria aestimata</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.249 / LACMIP Type 3379. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FB5036CFFB42D294" bold="true" box="[1221,1273,958,982]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
92. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.250. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FEF23693FE20D2B8" bold="true" box="[359,411,994,1018]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
93. Female, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.249 / LACMIP Type 3379. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FBEF3693FB15D2B8" bold="true" box="[1146,1198,994,1018]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
94. Female, terminalia. LACMIP 2533.249 / LACMIP Type 3379.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF88FFA6FF023204FD96D6BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464670/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,210,1909,1933]" subCaptionStartIDs="56.[151,198,1945,1969] 56.[1212,1259,1945,1969] 56.[374,421,1981,2005] 56.[820,867,1981,2005] 56.[1346,1393,1981,2005]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 95 &amp; FIG. 96 &amp; FIG. 97 &amp; FIG. 98 &amp; FIG. 99" targetBox="[616,973,1085,1880]" targetPageId="56">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF88FFA6FF023204FE6AD6CF" blockId="56.[151,1437,1908,2041]" box="[151,465,1908,1933]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
FIGS. 95–99 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF88FFA6FEB03205FE6AD6CF" authorityName=", Enspel. GDKE PE" authorityYear="2015" box="[293,465,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">Penthetria nigra</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF88FFA6FF0232E8FD96D6BB" blockId="56.[151,1437,1908,2041]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FF0232E8FF70D6F3" bold="true" box="[151,203,1945,1969]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
95. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF88FFA6FE0332E8FE4FD6F3" box="[406,500,1945,1969]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF88FFA6FD8F32E8FD3ED6F3" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[538,645,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FD8F32E8FD3ED6F3" box="[538,645,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Penthetria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF88FFA6FD1B32E8FCBFD6F3" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[654,772,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra Statz.</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.252 /LACMIP Type 3382. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FB2932E8FB4BD6F3" bold="true" box="[1212,1264,1945,1969]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
96. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.1260. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FEE332CCFE11D697" bold="true" box="[374,426,1981,2005]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
97. Male, head. LACMIP 2533.1260. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FCA132CCFCD3D697" bold="true" box="[820,872,1981,2005]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
98. Male, hypopygium. LACMIP 2533.1260. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF88FFA6FAD732CCFACDD697" bold="true" box="[1346,1398,1981,2005]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIG.</emphasis>
99. Female, terminalia. LACMIP 2533.232.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF89FFA7FF0236CDFF45D55E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448741/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,198,956,980]" subCaptionStartIDs="57.[151,198,992,1016] 57.[918,965,992,1016]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 101 &amp; FIG. 102" targetBox="[617,970,190,924]" targetPageId="57">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF89FFA7FF0236CDFAEFD296" blockId="57.[151,1436,956,1052]" box="[151,1364,956,981]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FF0236CDFF70D296" bold="true" box="[151,203,956,980]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
100. 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF89FFA7FE9136CDFE7AD296" authorityName="Statz" authorityYear="1943" box="[260,449,956,980]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FE9136CDFE7AD296" bold="true" box="[260,449,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Penthetria tropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, wing. Holotype of 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FD4B36CDFC24D296" box="[734,927,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF89FFA7FD4B36CDFC20D296" authorityName="Statz" authorityYear="1943" box="[734,923,956,980]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">Pentehtria tropica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
LACMIP 2533.255 / LACMIP Type 3385.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF89FFA7FF023691FF45D55E" blockId="57.[151,1436,956,1052]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FF023691FF70D2BA" bold="true" box="[151,203,992,1016]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
101. 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF89FFA7FE923691FE0ED2BA" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[263,437,992,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FE923691FE0ED2BA" bold="true" box="[263,437,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Penthetria nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, wing (sex uncertain). GDKE PE 1995 6383. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FC033691FC72D2BA" bold="true" box="[918,969,992,1016]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
102. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FB903691FB14D2BA" bold="true" box="[1029,1199,992,1017]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF89FFA7FB903691FBC8D2BA" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1029,1139,992,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FB903691FBC8D2BA" bold="true" box="[1029,1139,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Penthetria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2
</emphasis>
, male, wing. LACMIP 2533.247.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF89FFA7FF02322AFB5CD6F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464674/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,210,1883,1907]" subCaptionStartIDs="57.[151,198,1919,1943] 57.[665,712,1919,1943] 57.[1157,1204,1919,1943] 57.[259,306,1955,1979] 57.[815,862,1955,1979]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 103 &amp; FIG. 104 &amp; FIG. 105 &amp; FIG. 106 &amp; FIG. 107" targetBox="[520,1068,1081,1855]" targetPageId="57">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF89FFA7FF02322AFE58D631" blockId="57.[151,1436,1883,1979]" box="[151,483,1883,1907]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
FIGS. 103–107 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF89FFA7FEAB322AFE58D631" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" authorityYear="1865" box="[318,483,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collossea">Plecia collossea</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF89FFA7FF02320EFB5CD6F9" blockId="57.[151,1436,1883,1979]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FF02320EFF70D6D5" bold="true" box="[151,203,1919,1943]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
103. Female, habitus. NHMUK In 58789. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FD0C320EFD76D6D5" bold="true" box="[665,717,1919,1943]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
104. Female, wing. NMHUK In 58789. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FB10320EFB02D6D5" bold="true" box="[1157,1209,1919,1943]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
105. Male. LACMIP 2533.257. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FE9632D2FE8CD6F9" bold="true" box="[259,311,1955,1979]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
106. Male, head and thorax, LACMIP 2533.257. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF89FFA7FCBA32D2FCD8D6F9" bold="true" box="[815,867,1955,1979]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIG.</emphasis>
107. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.258.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8AFFA4FF0236BCFD28D513" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464676/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,210,973,997]" subCaptionStartIDs="58.[151,198,1009,1033] 58.[592,639,1009,1033] 58.[1099,1146,1009,1033] 58.[260,307,1045,1069] 58.[828,875,1045,1069] 58.[1334,1381,1045,1069]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 108 &amp; FIG. 109 &amp; FIG. 110 &amp; FIG. 111 &amp; FIG. 112 &amp; FIG. 113" targetBox="[521,1066,187,943]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8AFFA4FF0236BCFE04D2A7" blockId="58.[151,1437,973,1105]" box="[151,447,973,997]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
FIGS. 108–113 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8AFFA4FEA836BCFE04D2A7" authorityName="Skartveit &amp; Wedmann" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[317,447,973,997]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">Plecia dubia</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8AFFA4FF023680FD28D513" blockId="58.[151,1437,973,1105]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FF023680FF70D54B" bold="true" box="[151,203,1009,1033]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
108. Female. GDKE PE 2008 5005. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FDC53680FD3FD54B" bold="true" box="[592,644,1009,1033]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
109. Female, wing. GDKE PE 1995 8265. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FBDE3680FBC4D54B" bold="true" box="[1099,1151,1009,1033]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
110. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.259. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FE913164FE83D56F" bold="true" box="[260,312,1045,1069]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
111. Male, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.259. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FCA93164FCD4D56F" bold="true" box="[828,879,1045,1069]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
112. Male, terminalia. LACMIP 2533.259. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FAA33164FAD2D56F" bold="true" box="[1334,1385,1045,1069]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
113. Male, hypopygium, dorsal, GDKE PE 1995 8363.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8AFFA4FF023231FBE1D686" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464678/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,210,1856,1880]" subCaptionStartIDs="58.[151,198,1892,1916] 58.[1117,1164,1892,1916] 58.[535,582,1928,1952] 58.[1335,1382,1928,1952] 58.[511,558,1964,1988]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 114 &amp; FIG. 115 &amp; FIG. 116 &amp; FIG. 117 &amp; FIG. 118" targetBox="[570,1019,1135,1827]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8AFFA4FF023231FE73D61A" blockId="58.[151,1437,1856,1988]" box="[151,456,1856,1880]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
FIGS. 114–118 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8AFFA4FEAE3231FE73D61A" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[315,456,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">Plecia exigua</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8AFFA4FF023215FBE1D686" blockId="58.[151,1437,1856,1988]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FF023215FF70D63E" bold="true" box="[151,203,1892,1916]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
114. Female. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF8AFFA4FEC93215FE14D63E" box="[348,431,1892,1916]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8AFFA4FE473215FDA8D63E" box="[466,531,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FE473215FDA8D63E" box="[466,531,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8AFFA4FD8F3215FD25D63E" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[538,670,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">exigua Statz.</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.269 / LACMIP Type 3401. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FBC83215FB2BD63E" bold="true" box="[1117,1168,1892,1916]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
115. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.269 / LACMIP Type 3401. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FD8232F9FDF1D6E2" bold="true" box="[535,586,1928,1952]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
116. Female, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.269 / LACMIP Type 3401. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FAA232F9FAD0D6E2" bold="true" box="[1335,1387,1928,1952]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
117. Male, habitus. LACMIP 2533.266. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8AFFA4FE6A32DDFD89D686" bold="true" box="[511,562,1964,1988]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIG.</emphasis>
118. Female, wing and abdomen. LACMIP 2533.266.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8BFFA5FF02315DFD15D52A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448745/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[151,198,1068,1092]" targetBox="[597,990,192,1036]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8BFFA5FF02315DFD15D52A" blockId="59.[151,1436,1067,1128]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FF02315DFF70D506" bold="true" box="[151,203,1068,1092]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIG.</emphasis>
119. 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8BFFA5FE97315AFE08D501" authorityName="Statz" authorityYear="1943" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" box="[258,435,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilenta">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FE97315AFE08D501" bold="true" box="[258,435,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Plecia gracilenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male. NHMUK In 58805. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FD5F315DFC47D501" bold="true" box="[714,1020,1067,1092]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
FIGS. 120–121 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8BFFA5FCE4315AFC47D501" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[881,1020,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossa">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FCE4315AFC47D501" bold="true" box="[881,1020,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Plecia grossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FB9D315DFB87D506" bold="true" box="[1032,1084,1068,1092]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIG.</emphasis>
120. Female, habitus. NHMUK In 58791. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FF763121FEACD52A" bold="true" box="[227,279,1104,1128]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIG.</emphasis>
121. Female, wing. NHMUK In 58791.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8BFFA5FF023205FC24D696" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464680/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[151,210,1908,1932]" subCaptionStartIDs="59.[151,198,1944,1968] 59.[662,709,1944,1968] 59.[1173,1220,1944,1968] 59.[357,404,1980,2004]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 122 &amp; FIG. 123 &amp; FIG. 124 &amp; FIG. 125" targetBox="[524,1058,1157,1878]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8BFFA5FF023205FE52D6CE" blockId="59.[151,1437,1908,2004]" box="[151,489,1908,1933]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
FIGS. 122–129 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8BFFA5FEAB3205FE52D6CE" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,489,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogaea">Plecia hypogaea</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8BFFA5FF0232E9FC24D696" blockId="59.[151,1437,1908,2004]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FF0232E9FF70D6F2" bold="true" box="[151,203,1944,1968]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIG.</emphasis>
122. Female, habitus. NHMUK In 58803. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FD0332E9FD71D6F2" bold="true" box="[662,714,1944,1968]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIG.</emphasis>
123. Female, habitus. LACMIP 2533.271. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FB0032E9FB72D6F2" bold="true" box="[1173,1225,1944,1968]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIG.</emphasis>
124. Female, wing. NHMUK In 58803. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8BFFA5FEF032CDFE23D696" bold="true" box="[357,408,1980,2004]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIG.</emphasis>
125. Female, head and thorax. NHMUK In 58804.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8CFFA2FF023687FE8BD514" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464684/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[151,198,1014,1038]" subCaptionStartIDs="60.[151,198,1050,1074] 60.[596,643,1050,1074] 60.[1089,1136,1050,1074]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 127 &amp; FIG. 128 &amp; FIG. 129" targetBox="[533,1058,187,985]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8CFFA2FF023687FDDDD54C" blockId="60.[151,1436,1014,1110]" box="[151,614,1014,1038]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FF023687FF70D54C" bold="true" box="[151,203,1014,1038]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
126. Male, habitus. LACMIP 2533.265.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8CFFA2FF02316BFE8BD514" blockId="60.[151,1436,1014,1110]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FF02316BFF70D570" bold="true" box="[151,203,1050,1074]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
127. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.265. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FDC1316BFD33D570" bold="true" box="[596,648,1050,1074]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
128. Male, terminalia. NMHUK In 58829. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FBD4316BFBCED570" bold="true" box="[1089,1141,1050,1074]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
129. Male, terminalia. LACMIP 2533.265.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8CFFA2FF02323FFCC6D6EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464686/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[151,210,1870,1894]" subCaptionStartIDs="60.[151,198,1906,1930] 60.[647,694,1906,1930] 60.[1145,1192,1906,1930] 60.[434,481,1942,1966]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 130 &amp; FIG. 131 &amp; FIG. 132 &amp; FIG. 133" targetBox="[529,1056,1140,1843]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8CFFA2FF02323FFE65D624" blockId="60.[151,1437,1870,1966]" box="[151,478,1870,1894]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
FIGS. 130–137 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8CFFA2FEAB323FFE65D624" authorityName="Statz" authorityYear="1943" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,478,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">Plecia luctuosa</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8CFFA2FF023203FCC6D6EC" blockId="60.[151,1437,1870,1966]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FF023203FF70D6C8" bold="true" box="[151,203,1906,1930]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
130. Female, habitus. NHMUK In 58792. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FD123203FD00D6C8" bold="true" box="[647,699,1906,1930]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
131. Female, habitus. LACMIP 2533.281. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FBEC3203FB16D6C8" bold="true" box="[1145,1197,1906,1930]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
132. Female, head and thorax. NHMUK In 58792. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8CFFA2FE2732E7FE5DD6EC" bold="true" box="[434,486,1942,1966]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIG.</emphasis>
133. Female, wing. NHMUK In 58792.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8DFFA3FF0231E9FCEFD596" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448747/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" startId="61.[151,198,1176,1200]" targetBox="[477,1105,190,1146]" targetPageId="61">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8DFFA3FF0231E9FCEFD596" blockId="61.[151,1437,1176,1237]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8DFFA3FF0231E9FF70D5F2" bold="true" box="[151,203,1176,1200]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIG.</emphasis>
134. Male, habitus. LACMIP 2533.260. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8DFFA3FDE331E9FD11D5F2" bold="true" box="[630,682,1176,1200]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIG.</emphasis>
135. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.260. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8DFFA3FBAB31E9FBC9D5F2" bold="true" box="[1086,1138,1176,1200]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIG.</emphasis>
136. Male, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.260. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8DFFA3FEFD31CDFE27D596" bold="true" box="[360,412,1212,1236]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIG.</emphasis>
137. Male, terminalia. LACMIP 2533.260.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8DFFA3FF0232F6FBF2D681" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464688/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" startId="61.[151,210,1927,1951]" subCaptionStartIDs="61.[151,198,1963,1987] 61.[638,685,1963,1987]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 138 &amp; FIG. 139" targetBox="[483,1104,1269,1895]" targetPageId="61">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8DFFA3FF0232F6FE76D6DD" blockId="61.[151,1097,1927,1987]" box="[151,461,1927,1951]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
FIGS. 138–139 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8DFFA3FEAB32F6FE76D6DD" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,461,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteola">Plecia luteola</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8DFFA3FF0232DAFBF2D681" blockId="61.[151,1097,1927,1987]" box="[151,1097,1963,1987]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8DFFA3FF0232DAFF70D681" bold="true" box="[151,203,1963,1987]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIG.</emphasis>
138. Female, habitus. NHMUK In 58797. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8DFFA3FDEB32DAFD09D681" bold="true" box="[638,690,1963,1987]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIG.</emphasis>
139. Female, wing. NHMUK In 58797.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8EFFA0FF0236ABFD5CD578" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464690/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[151,210,986,1010]" subCaptionStartIDs="62.[151,198,1022,1046] 62.[576,623,1022,1046] 62.[1087,1134,1022,1046] 62.[255,302,1058,1082]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 140 &amp; FIG. 141 &amp; FIG. 142 &amp; FIG. 143" targetBox="[453,1136,193,954]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8EFFA0FF0236ABFDA2D2B3" blockId="62.[151,1437,985,1082]" box="[151,537,985,1010]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
FIGS. 140–143 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8EFFA0FEAB36A8FDA2D2B3" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,537,985,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocephala">Plecia macrocephala</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8EFFA0FF02368FFD5CD578" blockId="62.[151,1437,985,1082]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FF02368FFF70D554" bold="true" box="[151,203,1022,1046]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG.</emphasis>
140. Female, habitus. STIPB A-232. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FDD5368FFDCFD554" bold="true" box="[576,628,1022,1046]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG.</emphasis>
141. Female, head and thorax. STIPB A-232. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FBAA368FFBC8D554" bold="true" box="[1087,1139,1022,1046]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG.</emphasis>
142. Male, habitus. NHMUK In 58798. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FF6A3153FE89D578" bold="true" box="[255,306,1058,1082]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG.</emphasis>
143. Male, terminalia. NHMUK In 58798.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8EFFA0FF0232FEFAE9D6B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464692/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[151,210,1935,1959]" subCaptionStartIDs="62.[151,197,1971,1995] 62.[1190,1236,1971,1995] 62.[578,624,2007,2031]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 144 &amp; FIG. 145 &amp; FIG. 146" targetBox="[460,1130,1116,1903]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8EFFA0FF0232FEFE62D6E5" blockId="62.[151,1437,1935,2032]" box="[151,473,1935,1960]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
FIGS. 144–146 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8EFFA0FEAB32FEFE62D6E5" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[318,473,1935,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennata">Plecia pennata</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8EFFA0FF0232C2FAE9D6B2" blockId="62.[151,1437,1935,2032]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FF0232C2FF72D689" bold="true" box="[151,201,1971,1995]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG.</emphasis>
144. Female, habitus. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FF8EFFA0FE3C32C5FDBED68E" box="[425,517,1972,1996]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8EFFA0FDB032C5FD43D68E" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[549,760,1972,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennata">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FDB032C5FD01D689" box="[549,698,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Plecia pennata</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.282 / LACMIP Type 3414. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FB3332C2FB63D689" bold="true" box="[1190,1240,1971,1995]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG.</emphasis>
145. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.282 / LACMIP Type 3414. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8EFFA0FDD732A6FDCED6AD" bold="true" box="[578,629,2007,2031]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG.</emphasis>
146. Female, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.282 / LACMIP Type 3414.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8FFFA1FF023622FEEDD2F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464694/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,210,851,875]" subCaptionStartIDs="63.[151,198,887,911] 63.[638,685,887,911] 63.[1102,1149,887,911]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 147 &amp; FIG. 148 &amp; FIG. 149" targetBox="[469,1128,189,819]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8FFFA1FF023622FE69D229" blockId="63.[151,1436,851,948]" box="[151,466,851,876]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
FIGS. 147–155 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FF8FFFA1FEAB3622FE69D229" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,466,851,875]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinguis">Plecia pinguis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8FFFA1FF023606FEEDD2F6" blockId="63.[151,1436,851,948]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8FFFA1FF023606FF70D2CD" bold="true" box="[151,203,887,911]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIG.</emphasis>
147. Female, habitus. NHMUK In 58811. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8FFFA1FDEB3606FD09D2CD" bold="true" box="[638,690,887,911]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIG.</emphasis>
148. Female, wing. NHMUK In 58811. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8FFFA1FBDB3606FB39D2CD" bold="true" box="[1102,1154,887,911]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIG.</emphasis>
149. Female, head and thorax. STIPB A-224.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFF8FFFA1FF02320EFF46D6F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448749/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,198,1919,1943]" targetBox="[521,1067,979,1887]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FF8FFFA1FF02320EFF46D6F9" blockId="63.[151,1436,1919,1979]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8FFFA1FF02320EFF70D6D5" bold="true" box="[151,203,1919,1943]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIG.</emphasis>
150. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.296. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8FFFA1FDE7320EFD1DD6D5" bold="true" box="[626,678,1919,1943]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIG.</emphasis>
151. Male, habitus. LACMIP 2533.261. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FF8FFFA1FBD9320EFB3BD6D5" bold="true" box="[1100,1152,1919,1943]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIG.</emphasis>
152. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.261.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF0FFDEFF023602FE20D2ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448753/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,198,883,907]" targetBox="[464,1124,186,855]" targetPageId="64">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF0FFDEFF023602FE20D2ED" blockId="64.[151,1437,883,943]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFF023602FF70D2C9" bold="true" box="[151,203,883,907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIG.</emphasis>
153. Male, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.261. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFD513602FD43D2C9" bold="true" box="[708,760,883,907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIG.</emphasis>
154. Male, terminalia. LACMIP 2533.261. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFB203602FB52D2C9" bold="true" box="[1205,1257,883,907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIG.</emphasis>
155. Male, abdomen. LACMIP 2533.262.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF0FFDEFF0233CDFB19D602" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464696/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,210,1724,1748]" subCaptionStartIDs="64.[151,198,1760,1784] 64.[611,658,1760,1784] 64.[151,210,1796,1820] 64.[151,198,1832,1856] 64.[616,663,1832,1856]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 156 &amp; FIG. 157 &amp; FIGS. 158 &amp; FIG. 158 &amp; FIG. 159" targetBox="[535,1052,973,1696]" targetPageId="64">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF0FFDEFF0233CDFE4DD796" blockId="64.[151,1186,1724,1856]" box="[151,502,1724,1748]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
FIGS. 156–157 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF0FFDEFEAB33CDFE4DD796" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,502,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proserpina">Plecia proserpina</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF0FFDEFF023391FB8AD7BA" blockId="64.[151,1186,1724,1856]" box="[151,1073,1760,1784]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFF023391FF70D7BA" bold="true" box="[151,203,1760,1784]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIG.</emphasis>
156. Female, habitus. NHMUK 58793. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFDF63391FD2CD7BA" bold="true" box="[611,663,1760,1784]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIG.</emphasis>
157. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.285.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF0FFDEFF023275FE5FD65E" blockId="64.[151,1186,1724,1856]" box="[151,484,1796,1820]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFF023275FE5FD65E" bold="true" box="[151,484,1796,1820]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
FIGS. 158–159. 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF0FFDEFED13275FE5FD65E" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden sensu Statz" authorityYear="1943" box="[324,484,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFED13275FE5FD65E" bold="true" box="[324,484,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Plecia rhenana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF0FFDEFF023259FB19D602" blockId="64.[151,1186,1724,1856]" box="[151,1186,1832,1856]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFF023259FF70D602" bold="true" box="[151,203,1832,1856]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIG.</emphasis>
158. Female, wing. NHMUK In 38798. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF0FFDEFDFD3259FD20D602" bold="true" box="[616,667,1832,1856]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIG.</emphasis>
159. Female, head and thorax. NHMUK In 38798.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF1FFDFFF0236E4FE0BD57F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464698/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,210,917,941]" subCaptionStartIDs="65.[151,198,953,977] 65.[1331,1378,953,977] 65.[746,793,989,1013] 65.[270,317,1025,1049] 65.[734,781,1025,1049] 65.[1175,1222,1025,1049]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 160 &amp; FIG. 161 &amp; FIG. 162 &amp; FIG. 163 &amp; FIG. 164 &amp; FIG. 165" targetBox="[556,1034,189,888]" targetPageId="65">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF1FFDFFF0236E4FE75D2EF" blockId="65.[151,1437,917,1085]" box="[151,462,917,941]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
FIGS. 160–165 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF1FFDFFEAB36E4FE75D2EF" box="[318,462,917,941]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sluiteri">Plecia sluiteri</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF1FFDFFF0236C8FE0BD57F" blockId="65.[151,1437,917,1085]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFF0236C8FF70D293" bold="true" box="[151,203,953,977]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
160. Female, habitus. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF1FFDFFE2A36C8FDA9D293" box="[447,530,953,977]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF1FFDFFDAE36C8FD5FD293" authorityName="sensu Statz" authorityYear="1943" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[571,740,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidaria">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFDAE36C8FD5FD293" box="[571,740,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Plecia lapidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF1FFDFFD7B36C8FCE4D293" authority="Statz LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[750,863,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra Statz</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.277 / LACMIP Type 3409. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFAA636C8FADDD293" bold="true" box="[1331,1382,953,977]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
161. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.277 / LACMIP Type 3409. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFD7F36ACFCA5D2B7" bold="true" box="[746,798,989,1013]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
162. Female, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.277 / LACMIP Type 3409. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFE9B3170FEF9D55B" bold="true" box="[270,322,1025,1049]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
163. Male, habitus. LACMIP 2533.267. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFD4B3170FCAAD55B" bold="true" box="[734,785,1025,1049]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
164. Male, wing. LACMIP 2533.267. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFB023170FB70D55B" bold="true" box="[1175,1227,1025,1049]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
165. Male, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.267.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF1FFDFFF0232FDFB8BD6AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464700/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,210,1932,1956]" subCaptionStartIDs="65.[151,198,1968,1992] 65.[868,915,1968,1992] 65.[271,318,2004,2028]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 166 &amp; FIG. 167 &amp; FIG. 168" targetBox="[613,976,1117,1902]" targetPageId="65">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF1FFDFFF0232FDFE72D6E6" blockId="65.[151,1436,1932,2029]" box="[151,457,1932,1956]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
FIGS. 166–168 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF1FFDFFEAB32FDFE72D6E6" authorityName="Statz" authorityYear="1943" box="[318,457,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sturmi">Plecia sturmi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF1FFDFFF0232C1FB8BD6AE" blockId="65.[151,1436,1932,2029]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFF0232C1FF70D68A" bold="true" box="[151,203,1968,1992]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
166. Female, habitus. LACMIP 2533.293 / LACMIP 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF1FFDFFD7932C0FCA5D68B" box="[748,798,1969,1993]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
3425. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFCF132C1FC2CD68A" bold="true" box="[868,919,1968,1992]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
167. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.293 / LACMIP 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF1FFDFFF0232A4FF72D6AF" box="[151,201,2005,2029]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
3425. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF1FFDFFE9A32A5FEF8D6AE" bold="true" box="[271,323,2004,2028]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIG.</emphasis>
168. Female, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.293 / LACMIP 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF1FFDFFC2B32A4FC4BD6AF" box="[958,1008,2005,2029]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
3425.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF2FFDCFF0236F2FF45D2A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464702/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,210,899,923]" subCaptionStartIDs="66.[151,198,935,959] 66.[630,677,935,959] 66.[1087,1134,935,959]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 169 &amp; FIG. 170 &amp; FIG. 171" targetBox="[531,1060,185,871]" targetPageId="66">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF2FFDCFF0236F2FE79D2D9" blockId="66.[151,1436,899,995]" box="[151,450,899,924]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
FIGS. 169–171 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF2FFDCFEAB36F2FE79D2D9" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,450,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygia">Plecia stygia</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF2FFDCFF0236D6FF45D2A1" blockId="66.[151,1436,899,995]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF2FFDCFF0236D6FF70D2FD" bold="true" box="[151,203,935,959]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIG.</emphasis>
169. Female, habitus. NHMUK In 58808. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF2FFDCFDE336D6FD11D2FD" bold="true" box="[630,682,935,959]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIG.</emphasis>
170. Female, wing. NHMUK In 58808. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF2FFDCFBAA36D6FBC8D2FD" bold="true" box="[1087,1139,935,959]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIG.</emphasis>
171. Female, wing. LACMIP 2533.295.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF2FFDCFF0233C6FB19D7B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464704/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,210,1719,1743]" subCaptionStartIDs="66.[151,198,1755,1779] 66.[616,663,1755,1779]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 172 &amp; FIG. 173" targetBox="[504,1084,1027,1689]" targetPageId="66">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF2FFDCFF0233C6FE5DD78D" blockId="66.[151,1186,1719,1779]" box="[151,486,1719,1743]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
FIGS. 172–173 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF2FFDCFEAB33C6FE5DD78D" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[318,486,1719,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="winnertzi">Plecia winnertzi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF2FFDCFF0233AAFB19D7B1" blockId="66.[151,1186,1719,1779]" box="[151,1186,1755,1779]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF2FFDCFF0233AAFF70D7B1" bold="true" box="[151,203,1755,1779]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIG.</emphasis>
172. Female, wing. NHMUK In 58790. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF2FFDCFDFD33AAFD20D7B1" bold="true" box="[616,667,1755,1779]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIG.</emphasis>
173. Female, head and thorax. NHMUK In 58790.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF3FFDDFF02361CFC89D2B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464706/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,210,877,901]" subCaptionStartIDs="67.[151,198,913,937] 67.[1243,1290,913,937] 67.[977,1024,949,973]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 174 &amp; FIG. 175 &amp; FIG. 176" targetBox="[479,1110,186,847]" targetPageId="67">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF3FFDDFF02361CFE76D2C6" blockId="67.[151,1437,877,1010]" box="[151,461,877,901]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
FIGS. 174–176 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF3FFDDFEAB361CFE76D2C6" authorityName="Statz. Evenhuis" authorityYear="1994" box="[318,461,877,901]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerosus">Bibio aerosus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF3FFDDFF0236E0FC89D2B3" blockId="67.[151,1437,877,1010]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFF0236E0FF70D2EB" bold="true" box="[151,203,913,937]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIG.</emphasis>
174. Female, habitus. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF3FFDDFE2D36E0FDADD2EB" box="[440,534,913,937]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF3FFDDFDA936E0FDC8D2EB" box="[572,627,913,937]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFDA936E0FDC8D2EB" box="[572,627,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF3FFDDFDEE36E0FCAFD2EB" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[635,788,913,937]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadicea">spadicea Statz.</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.244 / LACMIP Type 3374. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFB4E36E0FAB4D2EB" bold="true" box="[1243,1295,913,937]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIG.</emphasis>
175. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF3FFDDFF4336C4FE8FD28F" box="[214,308,949,973]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF3FFDDFEC136C4FDA6D28F" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[340,541,949,973]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFEC136C4FE65D28F" box="[340,478,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bibio aerosus</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.232 / LACMIP Type 3362. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFC4436C4FBBED28F" bold="true" box="[977,1029,949,973]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIG.</emphasis>
176. Female, head and thorax. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF3FFDDFAAB36C4FA27D28F" box="[1342,1436,949,973]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF3FFDDFF2636A8FEC5D2B3" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[179,382,985,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFF2636A8FE85D2B3" box="[179,318,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bibio aerosus</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.232 / LACMIP Type 3362.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF3FFDDFF02325CFF45D6F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464708/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,210,1837,1861]" subCaptionStartIDs="67.[151,198,1873,1897] 67.[1187,1234,1873,1897] 67.[361,408,1909,1933] 67.[919,966,1909,1933]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 177 &amp; FIG. 178 &amp; FIG. 179 &amp; FIG. 180" targetBox="[542,1046,1035,1811]" targetPageId="67">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF3FFDDFF02325CFE71D607" blockId="67.[151,1437,1837,1969]" box="[151,458,1837,1862]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
FIGS. 177–180 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF3FFDDFEAB325CFE71D607" box="[318,458,1837,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auripes">Bibio auripes</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF3FFDDFF023220FF45D6F3" blockId="67.[151,1437,1837,1969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFF023220FF70D62B" bold="true" box="[151,203,1873,1897]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIG.</emphasis>
177. Female, habitus. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF3FFDDFE393220FDB1D62B" box="[428,522,1873,1897]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF3FFDDFDBF3220FD4AD628" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[554,753,1873,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auripes">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFDBF3220FD09D62B" box="[554,690,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bibio auripes</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.233 / LACMIP Type 3363. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFB363220FB6CD62B" bold="true" box="[1187,1239,1873,1897]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIG.</emphasis>
178. Male, habitus. LACMIP 2533.228. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFEFC3204FE27D6CF" bold="true" box="[361,412,1909,1933]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIG.</emphasis>
179. Male, head and thorax. LACMIP 2533.228. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF3FFDDFC023204FC70D6CF" bold="true" box="[919,971,1909,1933]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIG.</emphasis>
180. Male, hind leg and terminalia. LACMIP 2533.228.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF4FFDAFF02360FFAE9D29C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464710/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,210,894,918]" subCaptionStartIDs="68.[151,198,930,954] 68.[667,714,930,954] 68.[1183,1230,930,954] 68.[384,431,966,990] 68.[876,923,966,990]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 181 &amp; FIG. 182 &amp; FIG. 183 &amp; FIG. 184 &amp; FIG. 185" targetBox="[539,1048,186,867]" targetPageId="68">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF4FFDAFF02360FFDEAD2D4" blockId="68.[151,1437,894,990]" box="[151,593,894,918]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
FIGS. 181–189 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF4FFDAFEAB360FFDA3D2D4" authority="Skartveit &amp; Wedmann, 2021" authorityName="Skartveit &amp; Wedmann" authorityYear="2021" box="[318,536,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneipennis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFEAB360FFDA3D2D4" bold="true" box="[318,536,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Bibio castaneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2B057CDFFF4FFDAFD8B360FFDEAD2D4" box="[542,593,894,918]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF4FFDAFF0236D3FAE9D29C" blockId="68.[151,1437,894,990]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFF0236D3FF70D2F8" bold="true" box="[151,203,930,954]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
181. Female, habitus. GDKE PE 1995 9114. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFD0E36D3FD75D2F8" bold="true" box="[667,718,930,954]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
182. Female, habitus. GDKE PE 1995 5189. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFB0A36D3FB68D2F8" bold="true" box="[1183,1235,930,954]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
183. Female, wing. GDKE PE 2012 5394. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFE1536B7FE0FD29C" bold="true" box="[384,436,966,990]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
184. Male, habitus. GDKE PE 1995 6435. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFCF936B7FC1BD29C" bold="true" box="[876,928,966,990]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
185. Male, habitus. GDKE PE 1995 9458.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF4FFDAFF023260FB80D60F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448755/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,198,1809,1833]" targetBox="[451,1136,1023,1776]" targetPageId="68">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF4FFDAFF023260FB80D60F" blockId="68.[151,1437,1809,1869]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFF023260FF70D66B" bold="true" box="[151,203,1809,1833]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
186. Male, wing. GDKE PE 1995 6435. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFDEB3260FD09D66B" bold="true" box="[638,690,1809,1833]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
187. Male, head. GDKE PE 2010 5377. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFBF73260FB2DD66B" bold="true" box="[1122,1174,1809,1833]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
188. Male, hypopygium, dorsal. GDKE PE 2014 5307. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF4FFDAFE5E3244FE44D60F" bold="true" box="[459,511,1845,1869]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIG.</emphasis>
189. Male, hypopygium, ventral. GDKE PE 2014 5307.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF5FFDBFF023484FC4FD34F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448757" box="[151,1012,501,526]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4448757/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[151,198,501,525]" targetBox="[501,1090,190,467]" targetPageId="69">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF5FFDBFF023484FC4FD34F" blockId="69.[151,1012,501,526]" box="[151,1012,501,526]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFF023484FF70D34F" bold="true" box="[151,203,501,525]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIG.</emphasis>
190. 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF5FFDBFE913484FE35D34F" authorityName="Statz" authorityYear="1943" box="[260,398,501,525]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compta">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFE913484FE35D34F" bold="true" box="[260,398,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bibio compta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, holotype. LACMIP 2533.236/LACMIP Type 3366.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF5FFDBFF0230B2FB09D705" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464712/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[151,210,1475,1499]" subCaptionStartIDs="69.[151,198,1511,1535] 69.[1192,1239,1511,1535] 69.[151,198,1583,1607]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 191 &amp; FIG. 192 &amp; FIG. 193" targetBox="[566,1021,554,1446]" targetPageId="69">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF5FFDBFF0230B2FE6BD499" blockId="69.[151,1436,1475,1607]" box="[151,464,1475,1499]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
FIGS. 191–192 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF5FFDBFEAB30B2FE6BD499" authorityName="Meunier" authorityYear="1920" box="[318,464,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germari">Bibio germari</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF5FFDBFF023096FBACD761" blockId="69.[151,1436,1475,1607]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFF023096FF70D4BD" bold="true" box="[151,203,1511,1535]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIG.</emphasis>
191. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF5FFDBFE0E3096FE55D4BD" box="[411,494,1511,1535]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF5FFDBFD853096FD4FD4BD" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[528,756,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comosella">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFD853096FD0FD4BD" box="[528,692,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bibio comosella</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.234/ LACMIP Type 3364. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFB3D3096FB67D4BD" bold="true" box="[1192,1244,1511,1535]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIG.</emphasis>
192. Female, head and thorax. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF5FFDBFE9A337AFED9D761" box="[271,354,1547,1571]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF5FFDBFE11337AFDD3D761" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[388,616,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comosella">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFE11337AFD92D761" box="[388,553,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bibio comosella</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.234/ LACMIP Type 3364.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF5FFDBFF02335EFB09D705" blockId="69.[151,1436,1475,1607]" box="[151,1202,1583,1607]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFF02335EFF70D705" bold="true" box="[151,203,1583,1607]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIG.</emphasis>
193. 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF5FFDBFE91335EFE1CD705" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1841" box="[260,423,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFE91335EFE1CD705" bold="true" box="[260,423,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bibio giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF5FFDBFD93335EFDDFD705" box="[518,612,1583,1607]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF5FFDBFD13335EFC5ED705" authority="Heyden &amp; Heyden. NHMUK In" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden. NHMUK In" authorityYear="1865" box="[646,997,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heroica">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF5FFDBFD13335EFCA2D705" box="[646,793,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Plecia heroica</emphasis>
Heyden &amp; Heyden.
</taxonomicName>
NHMUK In 58802.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF6FFD8FF023681FB01D536" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464714/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[151,210,1008,1032]" subCaptionStartIDs="70.[151,198,1044,1068] 70.[942,989,1044,1068] 70.[151,198,1116,1140]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 194 &amp; FIG. 195 &amp; FIG. 196" targetBox="[614,975,186,982]" targetPageId="70">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF6FFD8FF023681FE60D54A" blockId="70.[151,1436,1008,1141]" box="[151,475,1008,1033]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
FIGS. 194–195 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FEAB3681FE60D54A" authorityName="Germar. STIPB" authorityYear="1837" box="[318,475,1008,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignarius">Bibio lignarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF6FFD8FF023165FD9AD512" blockId="70.[151,1436,1008,1141]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FF023165FF70D56E" bold="true" box="[151,203,1044,1068]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIG.</emphasis>
194. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF6FFD8FE093165FE41D56E" box="[412,506,1044,1068]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FD883165FCABD56F" authority="Germar. STIPB" authorityName="Germar. STIPB" authorityYear="1837" box="[541,784,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FD883165FD0DD56E" box="[541,694,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bibio lignarius</emphasis>
Germar.
</taxonomicName>
STIPB A-601. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FC3B3165FC5AD56E" bold="true" box="[942,993,1044,1068]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIG.</emphasis>
195. Female, head and thorax. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF6FFD8FAB73165FA3BD56E" box="[1314,1408,1044,1068]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FF023149FE31D513" authority="Germar. STIPB" authorityName="Germar. STIPB" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,394,1080,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FF023149FE8BD512" box="[151,304,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bibio lignarius</emphasis>
Germar.
</taxonomicName>
STIPB A-601.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF6FFD8FF02312DFB01D536" blockId="70.[151,1436,1008,1141]" box="[151,1210,1116,1141]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FF02312DFF70D536" bold="true" box="[151,203,1116,1140]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIG.</emphasis>
196. 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FE91312DFE1DD536" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden. NMHUK In" authorityYear="1865" box="[260,422,1116,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannosus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FE91312DFE1DD536" bold="true" box="[260,422,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bibio pannosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF6FFD8FD91312DFDD9D536" box="[516,610,1116,1140]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FD11312DFC56D536" authority="Heyden &amp; Heyden. NMHUK In" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden. NMHUK In" authorityYear="1865" box="[644,1005,1116,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannosus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FD11312DFC99D536" box="[644,802,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bibio pannosus</emphasis>
Heyden &amp; Heyden.
</taxonomicName>
NMHUK In 58815.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF6FFD8FF02321CFD14D6B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464716/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[151,210,1901,1925]" subCaptionStartIDs="70.[151,198,1937,1961] 70.[1180,1227,1937,1961] 70.[883,930,1973,1997]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 197 &amp; FIG. 198 &amp; FIG. 199" targetBox="[620,968,1170,1871]" targetPageId="70">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF6FFD8FF02321CFE0BD6C7" blockId="70.[151,1437,1901,2034]" box="[151,432,1901,1925]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
FIGS. 197–199 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FEAB321CFE0BD6C7" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" authorityYear="1865" box="[318,432,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rohli">Bibio rohli</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF6FFD8FF0232E0FD14D6B3" blockId="70.[151,1437,1901,2034]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FF0232E0FF70D6EB" bold="true" box="[151,203,1937,1961]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIG.</emphasis>
197. Female, habitus. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF6FFD8FE2332E0FDAFD6EB" box="[438,532,1937,1961]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FDAD32E0FD53D6EB" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[568,744,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rohli">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FDAD32E0FD1CD6EB" box="[568,679,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bibio rohli</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.237/LACMIP Type 3367. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FB0932E0FB6BD6EB" bold="true" box="[1180,1232,1937,1961]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIG.</emphasis>
198. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF6FFD8FF0232C4FF4ED68F" box="[151,245,1973,1997]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FE8232C4FE7ED68F" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[279,453,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rohli">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FE8232C4FE3ED68F" box="[279,389,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bibio rohli</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.237/LACMIP Type 3367. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FCE632C4FC1CD68F" bold="true" box="[883,935,1973,1997]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIG.</emphasis>
199. Female, head and thorax. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF6FFD8FB7032C4FAF8D68F" box="[1253,1347,1973,1997]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF6FFD8FAF032C4FEB3D6B3" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rohli">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF6FFD8FAF032C4FF7CD6B3" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bibio rohli</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.237/LACMIP Type 3367.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF7FFD9FF02314DFD6ED583" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464718/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[151,210,1084,1108]" subCaptionStartIDs="71.[151,198,1120,1144] 71.[1185,1232,1120,1144] 71.[901,948,1156,1180]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 200 &amp; FIG. 201 &amp; FIG. 202" targetBox="[550,1041,190,1055]" targetPageId="71">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF7FFD9FF02314DFE6DD517" blockId="71.[151,1437,1084,1217]" box="[151,470,1084,1109]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
FIGS. 200–202 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF7FFD9FEAB314DFE6DD517" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" authorityYear="1865" box="[318,470,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rottensis">Bibio rottensis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF7FFD9FF023111FD6ED583" blockId="71.[151,1437,1084,1217]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FF023111FF70D53A" bold="true" box="[151,203,1120,1144]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIG.</emphasis>
200. Female, habitus. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF7FFD9FE3A3110FDB9D53B" box="[431,514,1121,1145]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF7FFD9FDB63110FD4ED53B" authority="Statz, LACMIP" authorityName="Statz, LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[547,757,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rottensis">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FDB63110FD0DD53A" box="[547,694,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bibio rottensis</emphasis>
Statz,
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.238/LACMIP Type 3368. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FB343111FB6ED53A" bold="true" box="[1185,1237,1120,1144]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIG.</emphasis>
201. Female, wing. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF7FFD9FF0231F4FF51D5DF" box="[151,234,1157,1181]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF7FFD9FE9F31F4FE67D5DF" authority="Statz, LACMIP" authorityName="Statz, LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[266,476,1157,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rottensis">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FE9F31F4FE26D5DE" box="[266,413,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bibio rottensis</emphasis>
Statz,
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.238/LACMIP Type 3368. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FC1031F5FC02D5DE" bold="true" box="[901,953,1156,1180]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIG.</emphasis>
202. Female, head and thorax. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF7FFD9FB6731F4FAFED5DF" box="[1266,1349,1157,1181]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF7FFD9FAF031F4FE96D583" authority="Statz, LACMIP" authorityName="Statz, LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rottensis">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FAF031F4FF56D582" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bibio rottensis</emphasis>
Statz,
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.238/LACMIP Type 3368.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF7FFD9FF0232E5FBAAD6B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464720" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464720/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[151,210,1940,1964]" subCaptionStartIDs="71.[151,198,1976,2000] 71.[1195,1242,1976,2000]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 203 &amp; FIG. 204" targetBox="[566,1023,1249,1911]" targetPageId="71">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF7FFD9FF0232E5FE6CD6EE" blockId="71.[151,1436,1940,2037]" box="[151,471,1940,1965]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
FIGS. 203–204 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF7FFD9FEAB32E5FE6CD6EE" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[318,471,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpinus">Bibio vulpinus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF7FFD9FF0232C9FBAAD6B6" blockId="71.[151,1436,1940,2037]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FF0232C9FF70D692" bold="true" box="[151,203,1976,2000]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIG.</emphasis>
203. Female, habitus. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF7FFD9FE3832C9FDB0D692" box="[429,523,1976,2000]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF7FFD9FDBE32C9FD46D693" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[555,765,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FDBE32C9FD05D692" box="[555,702,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bibio vulpinus</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.245/ LACMIP Type 3375. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FB3E32C9FB64D692" bold="true" box="[1195,1247,1976,2000]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIG.</emphasis>
204. Female, head and thorax. 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF7FFD9FE9A32ADFED6D6B6" box="[271,365,2012,2036]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF7FFD9FE0532ADFDD8D6B7" authority="Statz. LACMIP" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[400,611,2012,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF7FFD9FE0532ADFD98D6B6" box="[400,547,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bibio vulpinus</emphasis>
Statz.
</taxonomicName>
LACMIP 2533.245/ LACMIP Type 3375.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF88662CFFF8FFD6FF023134FE23D58B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4464722/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[151,210,1093,1117]" subCaptionStartIDs="72.[151,198,1129,1153] 72.[884,931,1129,1153] 72.[863,910,1165,1189]" subCaptionStarts="FIG. 205 &amp; FIG. 206 &amp; FIG. 207" targetBox="[584,1005,192,1060]" targetPageId="72">
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF8FFD6FF023134FE52D51F" blockId="72.[151,1436,1093,1225]" box="[151,489,1093,1117]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
FIGS. 205–207 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF8FFD6FEAB3134FE52D51F" box="[318,489,1093,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xylophilus">Bibio xylophilus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF8FFD6FF023118FE23D58B" blockId="72.[151,1436,1093,1225]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FF023118FF70D5C3" bold="true" box="[151,203,1129,1153]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIG.</emphasis>
205. Female, habitus.? 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF8FFD6FE2F3118FDB4D5C3" box="[442,527,1129,1153]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF8FFD6FDA43118FD6DD5C3" authority="STIPB" authorityName="STIPB" box="[561,726,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xylophilus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FDA43118FD6DD5C3" box="[561,726,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Bibio xylophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
STIPB A-600. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FCE13118FC13D5C3" bold="true" box="[884,936,1129,1153]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIG.</emphasis>
206. Female, wing.? 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF8FFD6FB153118FB6ED5C3" box="[1152,1237,1129,1153]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF8FFD6FB623118FA27D5C3" authority="STIPB" authorityName="STIPB" box="[1271,1436,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xylophilus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FB623118FA27D5C3" box="[1271,1436,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Bibio xylophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
STIPB A-600. Wing has obviously been compressed longitudinally. 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FCCA31FCFC28D5E7" bold="true" box="[863,915,1165,1189]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIG.</emphasis>
207. Female, head and thorax.? 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF8FFD6FB7F31FCFA84D5E7" box="[1258,1343,1165,1189]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF8FFD6FAF031FCFF44D58B" authority="STIPB" authorityName="STIPB" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xylophilus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FAF031FCFF44D58B" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Bibio xylophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
STIPB A-600.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF8FFD6FF02306AFE38D477" blockId="72.[151,387,1307,1333]" box="[151,387,1307,1333]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FF02306AFE38D477" bold="true" box="[151,387,1307,1333]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">General discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF8FFD7FF023012FAD0D05F" blockId="72.[151,1437,1379,2018]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
The present work is an attempt to revise the species mainly from Rott and Enspel, two abundant fossil faunas from 
<collectingCountry id="F3E07634FFF8FFD6FF4030F9FE85D4E0" box="[213,318,1416,1442]" name="Germany" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Germany</collectingCountry>
, fairly close to each other in time and space. Though much of the material is in an excellent state of preservation, it is a problem that we have not been able to locate a number of the 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF8FFD6FBBC30DDFBE2D484" box="[1065,1113,1452,1478]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
specimens, several of which may have been lost or destroyed during World War II. Most of the specimens available are females, and most of the previously named species were based on female specimens - for the species described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF8FFD6FBEA3085FAB0D74C" author="Statz, G." box="[1151,1291,1524,1550]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref51587" refString="Statz, G. (1943) Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligozan von Rott. I. Familie Bibionidae (Haarmucken). Palaeontographica, Series A, 95, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1943">Statz (1943)</bibRefCitation>
, consistently so. In modern 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF8FFD6FEA23366FE30D773" box="[311,395,1559,1585]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
systematics, the male terminalia are very important for the classification. In our view, this set of characters should be utilised as much as possible even in fossil species, and, accordingly, new taxa should preferrably be based on male specimens, where available. Associating male and female specimens in sexually dimorphic species is sometimes challenging even in modern insect faunas, and much more so with fossils, though specimens are occasionally fossilised 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FE5533D9FD93D783" box="[448,552,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">in copula</emphasis>
. We have chosen to place male and female specimens in the same species where we consider that the likelihood that they represent the same species is high. These associations are, and are likely to remain, tentative. This approach will lead to conservative estimates of the number of species in a fossil fauna. Most 19th Century (
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF8FFD6FEE83265FE24D66F" box="[381,415,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">e.g</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF8FFD6FE3B3265FD9CD66C" author="Heer, O." box="[430,551,1812,1838]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref50180" refString="Heer, O. (1849) Die Insektenfauna der Tertiargebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Zweite Theil: Heuschrecken, Florfliegen, Aderflugler, Schmetterlinge und Fliegen. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, IV + 139 pp., XV Taf. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2469" type="book" year="1849">Heer 1849</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF8FFD6FDA73262FDD6D66C" author="Heer, O." box="[562,621,1811,1838]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref50241" refString="Heer, O. (1856) Uber die fossilen Insekten von Aix in der Provence. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich, 1, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1856">1856</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF8FFD6FDEC3262FCA8D66C" author="Heyden, C. H. G. von" box="[633,787,1811,1838]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref50339" refString="Heyden, C. H. G. von (1859) Fossile Insekten aus der rheinischen Braunkohle. Palaeontographica, 8, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1859">Heyden 1859</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF8FFD6FC8A3262FB88D66C" author="Heyden, C. H. G. von &amp; Heyden, L. F. J. D. von" box="[799,1075,1811,1838]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref50399" refString="Heyden, C. H. G. von &amp; Heyden, L. F. J. D. von (1865) Bibioniden aus der rheinischen Braunkohle von Rott. Palaeontographica, 14, 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1865">Heyden &amp; Heyden 1865</bibRefCitation>
) workers named any distinctive morphotype, male or female, as a separate species, this obviously has led to highly inflated species numbers (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF8FFD6FAC33246FEECD634" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Compared to studies of recent species, paleontological studies have to make do with a limited amount of information – many important morphological characters are not possible to see, and molecular characters are generally not available. In this situation we believe the burden of the evidence should be on decisions to split taxa, that is, that two specimens should be assigned to the same taxon unless there is good evidence for regarding them as different. If no such evidence is found for two previously named taxa, they should be synonymised. Though this approach will probably lead to an under-estimate of the number of biological species in a fossil fauna (this is a lesser concern since presumably only a fraction of those species which once existed have been preserved as fossils anyway), it has the crucial advantage that the recognised taxa will be identifiable by available, objective traits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF9FFD7FF02341FFBAFD0CA" blockId="73.[151,1044,366,393]" box="[151,1044,366,393]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FF02341FFBAFD0CA" bold="true" box="[151,1044,366,393]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Sensu Statz vs. Original descriptions – how large are the discrepancies?</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF9FFD7FF0234C6FACDD2C3" blockId="73.[151,1437,439,897]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
It is a general problem with European fossil bibionids, that most authors have not studied the 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF9FFD7FB2034C6FB5ED093" box="[1205,1253,439,465]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
material of previous publications before proceeding to describe new species. This has led to a lot of duplication and synonymy, severely so with the material from 
<collectingCountry id="F3E07634FFF9FFD7FDB5348EFDD7D35B" box="[544,620,511,537]" name="France" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FDEE348EFCCFD35B" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." box="[635,884,511,537]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel 2017</bibRefCitation>
). In the work of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FBBA348EFB00D35B" author="Statz, G." box="[1071,1211,511,537]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref51587" refString="Statz, G. (1943) Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligozan von Rott. I. Familie Bibionidae (Haarmucken). Palaeontographica, Series A, 95, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1943">Statz (1943)</bibRefCitation>
, the most important treatise of the fossil fauna of Rott, species described by previous authors (mainly Heyden &amp; Heyden) were included, but their inclusion was to a large extent based on the descriptions of the species and not on the 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF9FFD7FB2F3736FB51D323" box="[1210,1258,583,609]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
material. Much of the relevant 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF9FFD7FED6371AFEC8D3C7" box="[323,371,619,645]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
material is in the Natural History Museum, London, and obviously was not available to Statz during World War II. This has lead to numerous discrepancies, in that the identity of a species 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FB4037FEFAA8D3EA" box="[1237,1299,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">sensu</emphasis>
Statz is not the same as in the original description. This is particularly unfortunate since Statz’ descriptions are generally quite good and well illustrated, and could be a good foundation for future work if the naming was correct. On the other hand, the descriptions of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FE20378AFDE4D257" author="Meunier, F." box="[437,607,762,789]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="205 - 217" refId="ref50995" refString="Meunier, F. (1915) Uber einige fossile Insekten aus den Braunkohlenschichten (Aquitanien) von Rott (Siebengebirge). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, A, 67, 205 - 217." type="journal article" year="1915">Meunier (1915</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FDFE378AFD1DD257" author="Meunier, F." box="[619,678,763,789]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="3 - 17" refId="ref51032" refString="Meunier, F. (1917) Sur quelques insectes de l'Aquitanien de Rott, Sept Montagnes (Preusse rhenane). Verslagen en Mededelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, II, 20, 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="1917">1917</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FD27378AFD50D257" author="Meunier, F." box="[690,747,763,789]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 737" refId="ref51071" refString="Meunier, F. (1920) Quelques insectes de l'Aquitanien de Rott, Sept-Monts (Preusse rhenane). Versl. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, II, 22, 1 - 737." type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation>
) are lacking in most respects, they are inadequate and sometimes outright wrong (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FE2E366EFDCFD27B" author="Handlirsch, A." box="[443,628,799,825]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref50104" refString="Handlirsch, A. (1906) Fernand Meunier und seine Arbeiten uber die Palaontologie der Insekten. Verlag des Verfassers, Wien, 10 pp." type="book" year="1906">Handlirsch 1906</bibRefCitation>
for a general critique of Meunier’s work), and the 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF9FFD7FB3D366EFB63D27B" box="[1192,1240,799,825]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
material we have found from these publications is not unambiguously labeled, making their inclusion difficult. Fortunately, most of Meunier’s descriptions of German Oligocene bibionids are backed by good photographs of the 
<typeStatus id="544C8806FFF9FFD7FB573616FB49D2C3" box="[1218,1266,871,897]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF9FFD7FF0236A3FB76D2AE" blockId="73.[151,1229,978,1005]" box="[151,1229,978,1005]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FF0236A3FB76D2AE" bold="true" box="[151,1229,978,1005]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Comparison of species diversity of Rott and Enspel and implications for palaeoclimate</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF9FFD7FF02316AFD9CD414" blockId="73.[151,1437,1051,1869]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
This revision documents 39 species from Rott, while only four species are recorded from Enspel (
<tableCitation id="C675031FFFF9FFD7FA92316AFAEBD577" box="[1287,1360,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1569,1593]" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of species’ distribution among sites" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). This clearly shows that the diversity of bibionids in Rott was much higher than in Enspel, or in any other Oligocene site from Europe. We can only speculate on the reasons for this. Most of the richest localities including Rott and Enspel are Lagerstätten, into which the specimens are believed to have been transported. Perhaps the striking differences in diversity is linked to Rott having had a wider range of environments in the surroundings than Enspel? Another possible reason could be a change in climate just before or during the deposition of the Rott specimens. Although the deposits were laid down during a limited stretch of time, bibionid species appear to be able to respond fast to climate change, since several relatively thermophilic species are currently spreading rapidly in 
<collectingCountry id="F3E07634FFF9FFD7FBE63066FB76D473" box="[1139,1229,1303,1329]" name="Norway" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Norway</collectingCountry>
due to a warming climate (JS, personal observations).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFF9FFD7FF52302EFDA6D60F" blockId="73.[151,1437,1051,1869]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
It is notable that there are apparently no shared species between the localities of Enspel and Rott except the uncommon 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FE8B30F2FE15D4DF" authorityName="Skartveit &amp; Wedmann" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[286,430,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FE8B30F2FE15D4DF" box="[286,430,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Plecia dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the sites are quite close to each other and believed to be fairly similar in age. However, two of the species described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FDFE30D6FCAAD483" author="Germar, E. F." box="[619,785,1447,1473]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref50020" refString="Germar, E. F. (1837) Insectorum protogaeae specimen sistens Insectum Carbonium fossilium. Fauna insectorum europae. Kummel, Halle, 19 pp." type="book" year="1837">Germar (1837)</bibRefCitation>
from the Rott formation appear to occur at Enspel. In connection with this it is notable that the rock surrounding the 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FCB130BAFC70D4A7" author="Germar, E. F." box="[804,971,1483,1509]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref50020" refString="Germar, E. F. (1837) Insectorum protogaeae specimen sistens Insectum Carbonium fossilium. Fauna insectorum europae. Kummel, Halle, 19 pp." type="book" year="1837">Germar (1837)</bibRefCitation>
specimens (quite dark) looks quite different from the very pale rocks surrounding most of the specimens in the Heyden &amp; Heyden and Statz Rott materials. This may suggest that the material of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FDA03362FD61D76F" author="Germar, E. F." box="[565,730,1555,1581]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref50020" refString="Germar, E. F. (1837) Insectorum protogaeae specimen sistens Insectum Carbonium fossilium. Fauna insectorum europae. Kummel, Halle, 19 pp." type="book" year="1837">Germar (1837)</bibRefCitation>
may have come from a different outcrop, probably one that was deposited under similar conditions to Enspel. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FD0E3346FC2BD713" author="Collomb, F. - M. &amp; Nel, A. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Waller, A." box="[667,912,1591,1617]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="161 - 179" refId="ref49655" refString="Collomb, F. - M., Nel, A., Fleck, G. &amp; Waller, A. (2008) March flies and European Cenozoic palaeoclimates (Diptera: Bibionidae). Annales de societe entomologique de France, Nouvelle Serie, 44, 161 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2008.10697553" type="journal article" year="2008">
Collomb 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FC903346FC8CD713" box="[773,823,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the ratio between specimens of the mainly tropical genus 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FE2C332AFDBAD737" box="[441,513,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FE2C332AFDBAD737" box="[441,513,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the temperate genera 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FCB3332AFC27D737" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[806,924,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FCB3332AFC27D737" box="[806,924,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Penthetria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FC47332AFBB4D737" box="[978,1039,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FC47332AFBB4D737" box="[978,1039,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be a useful indicator of the local climate at the site. For Rott, 19 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FD1B330EFD6DD7DB" box="[654,726,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FD1B330EFD6DD7DB" box="[654,726,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are recorded, while there are 16 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FB20330EFA90D7DB" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1205,1323,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FB20330EFA90D7DB" box="[1205,1323,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Penthetria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FAF5330EFA26D7DB" box="[1376,1437,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FAF5330EFA26D7DB" box="[1376,1437,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
documented. For Enspel, there is 1 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FD0533D2FD63D7FF" box="[656,728,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FD0533D2FD63D7FF" box="[656,728,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
documented, and 3 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FBBD33D2FB25D7FF" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1064,1182,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FBBD33D2FB25D7FF" box="[1064,1182,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Penthetria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFF9FFD7FB4733D2FAB4D7FF" box="[1234,1295,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFF9FFD7FB4733D2FAB4D7FF" box="[1234,1295,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together. By this measure, the climate of Rott (c. 24 mya) should be considerably warmer than that of Enspel (c. 25 mya), suggesting a substantial warming in the intervening period. A possible alternative explanation of higher temperatures in Rott could be due to the fact that Enspel was situated topographically higher than Rott (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFF9FFD7FB04327EFAF3D66B" author="Wedmann, S." box="[1169,1352,1807,1833]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref51906" refString="Wedmann, S. (2000) Die Insekten der oberoligozanen Fossillagerstatte Enspel (Westerwald, Deutschland). Systematik, Biostratinomie and Palaookologie. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 23, 1 - 154, 11 tables, 9 pls." type="book chapter" year="2000">Wedmann 2000</bibRefCitation>
: p 131) and therefore had a colder climate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFFAFFD4FF0235E6FDF0D1F3" blockId="74.[151,587,151,177]" box="[151,587,151,177]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFFAFFD4FF0235E6FDF0D1F3" bold="true" box="[151,587,151,177]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Species shared with other localities</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFFAFFD4FF023591FBEDD090" blockId="74.[151,1437,223,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Not surprisingly, the fauna of Kleinkems apparently shares numerous species with French Oligocene localities. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FF023472FE22D05F" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." box="[151,409,259,285]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel (2017)</bibRefCitation>
found six such shared species. The fossils from Rott are considered to be almost exactly the same age as the French locality of Aix-en-Provence, and the two species 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FC513456FBDED003" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[964,1125,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFFAFFD4FC513456FBDED003" box="[964,1125,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Plecia pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(treated as 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FB733456FA27D003" authorityName="sensu Statz" authorityYear="1943" baseAuthorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1254,1436,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidaria">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFFAFFD4FB733456FA27D003" box="[1254,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Plecia lapidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FF2F343AFE16D027" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." box="[186,429,331,357]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel 2017</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FE7E343AFD2DD027" authorityName="Heyden &amp; Heyden sensu Statz" authorityYear="1943" box="[491,662,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFFAFFD4FE7E343AFD2DD027" box="[491,662,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Plecia rhenana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are apparently shared between the two sites (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FB06343AFA2AD027" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." box="[1171,1425,331,357]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel, 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Though the two localities are currently separated by a distance of c. 
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFFAFFD4FC3C341EFBBBD0CB" box="[937,1024,367,393]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="700.0">700 km</quantity>
and have substantially different climates, it is not implausible that species would occur in both localities – in the present fauna, several bibionid species (e.g., 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFFAFFD4FF4234C6FD4AD093" box="[215,753,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FF4234C6FEE5D093" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[215,350,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marci">Bibio marci</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FEFC34C6FD92D093" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[361,553,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hortulanus">Bibio hortulanus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FDA134C6FD4AD093" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[564,753,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Dilophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="febrilis">Dilophus febrilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) are likely to live in both areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFFAFFD4FF5234AAFECFD21C" blockId="74.[151,1437,223,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
The distinctive species 
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FE4634AAFD3ED0B7" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1841" box="[467,645,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFFAFFD4FE4634AAFD3ED0B7" box="[467,645,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Bibio giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently shared between Rott and the Miocene locality Radoboj in 
<collectingCountry id="F3E07634FFFAFFD4FF20348EFEB1D35B" box="[181,266,511,537]" name="Croatia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, and the equally distinctive 
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFFAFFD4FDDF348EFD57D35B" box="[586,748,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFFAFFD4FDDF348EFD29D35B" box="[586,658,511,537]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Plecia</taxonomicName>
pinguis
</emphasis>
between the localities of Rott and Kleinkems. The dating of Radoboj is somewhat in doubt (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FE623752FC82D37F" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Krizmanic, K." box="[503,825,547,573]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="351 - 378" refId="ref51412" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Krizmanic, K. (2020) Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Miocene of Radoboj, Coatia. Zootaxa, 4759 (3), 351 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4759.3.3" type="journal article" year="2020">Skartveit &amp; Krizmanić 2020</bibRefCitation>
), but according to the most commonly held view it is&gt; 10 MYr younger than Rott, though it could also be considerably older than this date, whereas Kleinkems is believed to be 4–9 MYr older than Rott. The longevity of fossil bibionid morphospecies appears to be considerable: several species are apparently shared between the French Middle Oligocene site of Céreste and the late Oligocene site of Aix-en-Provence (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FEF037C2FDE0D38F" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A." box="[357,603,691,717]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref51464" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Nel, A. (2017) Revision of Bibionidae (Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit &amp; Nel 2017</bibRefCitation>
) and a mid-Miocene specimen from Bosnia-Hercegovina is indistinguishable from a recent species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FE5037A6FCB9D3B3" author="Wedmann, S. &amp; Skartveit, J." box="[453,770,727,753]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="585 - 591" refId="ref52007" refString="Wedmann, S. &amp; Skartveit, J. (2020) First march flies (Insecta: Bibionidae) from the Miocene Gracanica mine. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 100, 585 - 591. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 018 - 00369 - w" type="journal article" year="2020">Wedmann &amp; Skartveit 2020</bibRefCitation>
). On the other hand, no species are shared between Rott and the German Miocene locality of Öhningen (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FDEB378AFCC7D257" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Pika, M." box="[638,892,763,789]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="103 - 134" refId="ref51510" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Pika, M. (2014) Revision of Bibionidae described by Oswald Heer from the Miocene of Ohningen, Southern Germany. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 87, 103 - 134." type="journal article" year="2014">Skartveit &amp; Pika 2014</bibRefCitation>
), nor have any of the species from the Oligocene material been found in the Eocene Baltic amber (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FD21366EFCE0D27B" author="Skartveit, J." box="[692,859,799,825]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 42" refId="ref51329" refString="Skartveit, J. (2009) Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia dipterologica, 15, 3 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">Skartveit 2009</bibRefCitation>
) or from the Eocene site of Grube Messel (
<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFFAFFD4FAA0366EFED3D21C" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Wedmann, S." pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref51550" refString="Skartveit, J. &amp; Wedmann, S. (2016) Fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Eocene of Grube Messel, Germany. Studia dipterologica, 22, 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="2016">Skartveit &amp; Wedmann 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>