191 lines
21 KiB
XML
191 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.64.25453" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3b2884-8805-41cf-9dc0-65e11aa9d776" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-64-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB89E571131B424FFEA6468C760FFF4" ID-ZBK="A27707E3673148319A0BAAB6C2CD1412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1303466" ID-ZooBank="A27707E3673148319A0BAAB6C2CD1412" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2607-64-25" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research " ModsDocTitle="Seventeen new genera of microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from tropical areas of the world" checkinTime="1553125430822" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L & Boudreault, Caroline" docDate="2018" docId="D6F0F3F9DF2C71CD24A463AFA49A437B" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 64: 25-140" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 64" docPubDate="2018-06-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.64.25453" docTitle="Silvaspinosus Fernandez-Triana 2018, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B458FBB2-30CF-4EC2-BD75-E2FB30810DFC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="FFB89E571131B424FFEA6468C760FFF4" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FFB89E571131B424FFEA6468C760FFF4" masterDocTitle="Seventeen new genera of microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from tropical areas of the world" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1678750774343" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Seventeen new genera of microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from tropical areas of the world</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-0309</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of insects, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cnc.braconidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boudreault, Caroline</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-2626</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of insects, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>64</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
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<mods:end>140</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.64.25453</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.64.25453</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-64-25</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A27707E3673148319A0BAAB6C2CD1412</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB89E571131B424FFEA6468C760FFF4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1303466</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472992" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B458FBB2-30CF-4EC2-BD75-E2FB30810DFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6F0F3F9DF2C71CD24A463AFA49A437B" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="68" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B458FBB2-30CF-4EC2-BD75-E2FB30810DFC" authority="Fernandez-Triana" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Silvaspinosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Silvaspinosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">Silvaspinosus Fernandez-Triana</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="68" pageNumber="93">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="93" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="93">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Boudreault" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Silvaspinosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Silvaspinosus vespa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="93">Silvaspinosus vespa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fernandez-Triana & Boudreault, here designated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="68" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="93">Diagnostic description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="68" pageNumber="93">
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Clypeus extremely long and thin (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="68" pageNumber="93">34B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="68" pageNumber="93">35B, F</figureCitation>
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). Malar line extremely short, almost nonexistent (0.01 mm long). Mandible base separate from head by a desclerotized area that looks almost like an opening (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="68" pageNumber="93">34B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="68" pageNumber="93">35F</figureCitation>
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).
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<pageBreakToken pageId="69" pageNumber="94" start="start">Mandibles</pageBreakToken>
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relatively stout and large (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">35F</figureCitation>
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). Tentorial pits relatively very large (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">35F</figureCitation>
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). Anteromesoscutum mostly smooth, with shallow and sparse punctures (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34F</figureCitation>
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). Notauli not indicated by sculpture. Scutellar disc without posteromedian band of rugosity (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34F, G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">35E</figureCitation>
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). Propodeum mostly with rugose sculpture and with median longitudinal carina complete (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">35D</figureCitation>
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). Fore wing with large, quadrangular areolet (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">35C</figureCitation>
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). Fore tarsus with a curved, spine-like seta. Metacoxa relatively short (its length not surpassing posterior margin of T2), metatibial spurs relatively short (less than half the length of first segment of metatarsus). T1 smooth and without median longitudinal sulcus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34E</figureCitation>
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). T2 smooth and with central area slightly raised and poorly defined from lateral areas by weak sulcus (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Silvaspinosus vespa female holotype. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Head dorsal E Metasoma dorsal F Mesosoma dorsal F Propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212175" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">34E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Silvaspinosus vespa female CNC 644540 (A-E) and male CASENT 8402171 (F) paratypes. A Habitus B Head frontal C Fore wing D Metasoma dorsal E Head and mesosoma, dorsal F Head frontal, male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.64.25453.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212176" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">35D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="94" type="putative autapomorphies and potentially related genera">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Putative autapomorphies and potentially related genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">
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The shape of clypeus, and mandible separation from head by desclerotized area are unique among
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Silvaspinosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Silvaspinosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Silvaspinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seems to belong to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="tribe" tribe="Microplitini">Microplitini</taxonomicName>
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group of genera (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="125" refId="B21" refString="Mason, WRM, 1981. The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." year="1981">Mason 1981</bibRefCitation>
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), based on the relatively short metacoxa and metatibial spurs, fore wing with large areolet, as well as its DNA barcode sequence (see below under "
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Molecular data</emphasis>
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"). However, the spine-like seta on the fore tarsus and the absence of a median band of rugosity on the posterior margin of the scutellar disc would be unique and distinctive among
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="tribe" tribe="Microplitini">Microplitini</taxonomicName>
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(those features tend to be present in some species of a few genera within
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="tribe" tribe="Cotesini">Cotesini</taxonomicName>
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(sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="125" refId="B21" refString="Mason, WRM, 1981. The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." year="1981">Mason 1981</bibRefCitation>
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)).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="94" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Host unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">The only known species is found in the Afrotropical region (Madagascar).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="94" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">
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One of the female paratypes (CNCH3044) rendered a partial barcode (427bp), which is 8.3% different from the closest
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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(several
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microplitis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Microplitis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">
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From
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“silva”">"silva"</normalizedToken>
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(in Latin
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“forest”">"forest"</normalizedToken>
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) and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“spinosus”">"spinosus"</normalizedToken>
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(in Latin "spinous, thorny"), referring to the famed Madagascar spiny forests, where the wasp is found, apparently as an endemic taxon from that ecoregion. The gender of the genus is neuter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="94" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">
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This genus seems to be related to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microplitis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Microplitis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of genera (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="tribe" tribe="Microplitini">Microplitini</taxonomicName>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="125" refId="B21" refString="Mason, WRM, 1981. The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." year="1981">Mason 1981</bibRefCitation>
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), based on fore wing areolet size, metacoxa size, length of metatibia spurs, and shape of T2. However, other characters are highly unusual (shape of clypeus) or not previously known from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="tribe" tribe="Microplitini">Microplitini</taxonomicName>
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(spine on fore tarsus). The spiny forests of Madagascar are considered by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as one of the "Global 200" ecoregions, a list that includes those areas of the planet with higher value and priority for conservation. Thus, the description of this new genus and species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="69" pageNumber="94" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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wasp as endemic to those forests reinforces the unique biodiversity values of that region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="94" type="species">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="94">Only one species is known. We have seen four additional male specimens which have a different and lighter coloration pattern, and might represent a different species, but because they are no associated females, we prefer not to describe them for the time being.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |