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<document id="8B6B5AE37107A151797F09115AC6E675" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea phlomoides Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="9493232F715963E59524FC4CA0BB5BBC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7956EB6BC3FE217B438F885E460DEA42">
<mods:title id="8FC99DCAA3BAD8D696066795BDEE9AEE">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="73A811A83AF937F3085C686A786E3B05" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C5103CD23E4A5C87E68F4C49CB706C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="E06DC443EB7C4822EFA6D855D203E984">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="46C9A012281A247926A117FB1AA53739">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B22CBE7BABD6ADF44C08316C00E7E9B6">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC1CC2921BB86DFA4F9807A3D9AA3C12" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="6532955597C604BB26DB3F7A6901D2C3">
<mods:roleTerm id="EC86B3622EE262F79632BAF960264A58">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9CB44AB0DC446A16431A1E32B71A4B26">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6A6F92EF9E79BA476A528DEA5439BB3D">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5004A1E08347644AFA0B6AA3158A2FD6" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5E11DC421C1E04AF34379CA68F29C4C5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B8B89306F26867C106F98D1CD72CC294">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="49F515BA8F1AB24DBF43593645E780ED">
<mods:date id="EED051DE598B9627FFDD168460E1AEE8">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C6E668675C891494E7281AD4089F82E7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="21FCB1C36BC7D2CE86BF23DB5DECFEC3">2018-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="572472C8FFA8D402F34B8A04B72E3FD5">363</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ED7AEA4E2D6A4A5C6CAAFC64429C5297">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F9668FF0D26685E74D255323C14DB897">448</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="D699CA8C0EC774792A561B8BADCEED11">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="46342D9CEB26791FCC80A5B3A7DAC6B1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="28CD216F2AF927093C507D48FACBFB78" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9E36CA7BC0FFF0E1F97A69F37A2C79DB" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703786" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB" lastPageId="83" pageId="81">
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF43FF9D19D43E9CF5D9FE82" pageId="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF43FF9D19D43E9CF5D9FE82" blockId="81.[136,1452,158,257]" pageId="81">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D19D43E9CF1E5FF3A" bold="true" box="[136,171,160,185]" pageId="81">25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D19E43EA2F3A6FF3A" ID-CoL="S778" authority="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[184,744,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D19E43EA2F08CFF3A" bold="true" box="[184,450,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="81">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF43FF9D18923E9CF3A6FF3A" box="[462,744,160,185]" collectionCode="G-BOIS, G, JE, W" country="Iran" county="Type" elevation="1800" location="Nowsud" municipality="Ouraman mountains" pageId="81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah" typeStatus="holotype">Boissier &amp; Haussknecht</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF43FF9D1A4B3E9CF542FF3A" author="Boissier, E." box="[791,1036,160,185]" pageId="81" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier (1875: 673)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingCounty id="629F4E6EDF43FF9D1D403E9CF519FF3A" box="[1052,1111,160,185]" pageId="81">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF43FF9D1D243E9CF58EFF3A" box="[1144,1216,160,185]" name="Iran" pageId="81">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov.
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF43FF9D1C4A3E9CF4E6FF3A" box="[1302,1448,160,185]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="81">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF43FF9D19D43EF8F022FF5E" box="[136,364,196,221]" pageId="81">Ouraman mountains</collectingMunicipality>
above
<location id="8E9E6039DF43FF9D18E13EF8F353FF5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB:8E9E6039DF43FF9D18E13EF8F353FF5E" box="[445,541,196,221]" country="Iran" county="Type" municipality="Ouraman mountains" name="Nowsud" pageId="81" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Nowsud</location>
,
<location id="8E9E6039DF43FF9D1B753EF8F38AFF5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB:8E9E6039DF43FF9D1B753EF8F38AFF5E" box="[553,708,196,221]" country="Iran" county="Type" municipality="Ouraman mountains" name="Mesopotamia" pageId="81" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Mesopotamia</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1B8C3EF8F269FF5E" box="[720,807,196,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="81" unit="m" value="1800.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF43FF9D1B8C3EF8F269FF5E" box="[720,807,196,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="81" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<location id="8E9E6039DF43FF9D1A6F3EF8F2F7FF5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB:8E9E6039DF43FF9D1A6F3EF8F2F7FF5E" box="[819,953,196,221]" country="Iran" county="Type" municipality="Ouraman mountains" name="March-May" pageId="81" stateProvince="Kermanshah">March-May</location>
1867,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1D5A3EF8F58DFF5E" box="[1030,1219,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="81">
<location id="8E9E6039DF43FF9D1D5A3EF8F5DBFF5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB:8E9E6039DF43FF9D1D5A3EF8F5DBFF5E" box="[1030,1173,196,221]" country="Iran" county="Type" municipality="Ouraman mountains" name="Haussknecht" pageId="81" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Haussknecht</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D1D8E3EF8F478FF5E" box="[1234,1334,196,221]" pageId="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
G-BOIS!: two sheets comprising
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF43FF9D18D53ED4F368FE82" box="[393,550,232,257]" count="1" pageId="81" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D1B6D3ED4F3C3FE82" box="[561,653,232,257]" pageId="81" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
G!: two sheets, JE!: two sheets, W!). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF43FF9D1D623ED4F5C1FE82" box="[1086,1167,232,257]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="82.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[180,1397,217,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-17@82.[180,1407,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 54. Centaurea phlomoides Boissier &amp; Haussknecht (Haussknecht s.n., G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703556/files/figure.png" pageId="81">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF43FF9F19D43F0CF327FA83" lastPageId="83" pageId="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF43FF9D19D43F0CF0D0FC2E" blockId="81.[136,1452,304,2057]" pageId="81">
Biennial plants, whole plant usually green,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1B203F0CF3B5FECA" box="[636,763,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="81" unit="cm" value="80.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="60.0">60–100 cm</quantity>
tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, almost simple, whitish, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1B323F68F3FCFEEE" box="[622,690,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
in diam. at base, very densely leafy throughout, lower to median parts subglabrous, others densely covered with long grayish-arachnoid hairs. Leaves rigid, with thin white striations, ± densely covered with arachnoid hairs. Basal and lower cauline leaves with a long petiole, simple or lobed toward base, broadly lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, lamina 25–36(–38) ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1ACD3FFCF545FE5A" box="[913,1035,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.65" pageId="81" unit="cm" value="10.75" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–15 cm</quantity>
, truncate at base, obtuse or subacute at apex. Median cauline leaves sessile, simple, lanceolate-oblong or oblong, 15–18 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1D093FD8F5E2FE7E" box="[1109,1196,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="81" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 cm</quantity>
, broadly decurrent, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D19F93C34F04DFDA2" box="[165,259,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
along stem, or winged, short acuminate at apex. Upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile, simple, lanceolate-oblong or narrowly oblong, 2–8 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1B493C10F3CFFDC6" box="[533,641,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="81" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 cm</quantity>
, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs, broadly decurrent, acuminate or mucronate at apex. Capitula numerous, 10 to 15, arranged in a densely congest corymbs. Involucres ovoid, 20–25 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D19D43C48F04DFD0E" box="[136,259,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, coriaceous, imbricate, yellowish, densely covered with tomentose-arachnoid hairs. Appendages small, firm, concealing part of phyllaries only, triangular, yellow,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1D503CA4F5DAFD32" box="[1036,1172,664,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding digitate spinules), reflexed; digitate spinules numerous, 5–6 on each side,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1A913C80F50EFD56" box="[973,1088,700,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 mm</quantity>
long; spine narrowly triangular,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D19D43CDCF1A8FD7A" box="[136,230,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
long, equal or slightly longer than nearest digitate spinules. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphroditic,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D19D43D38F04DFC9E" box="[136,259,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="30.0">30–32 mm</quantity>
long, corolla
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D18FF3D38F350FC9E" box="[419,542,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed, lobes ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1A653D38F2E3FC9E" box="[825,941,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6 mm</quantity>
long, with brownish nerves, stigma exserted part from corolla, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D18C73D14F0AEFCC2" box="[411,480,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
; peripheral florets sterile, finely dissected, rarely radiant, limb lobe filiform. Achenes oblong,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D19BF3D70F01DFCE6" box="[227,339,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.5">8.5–9 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D18CB3D70F346FCE6" box="[407,520,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.0">4–4.5 mm</quantity>
wide, pale brown or straw-coloured, glabrous; insertion areole large, lateral, yellow, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D19F33D4CF048FC0A" box="[175,262,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus double, persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, whitish, pappus ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF43FF9D1D013D4CF5FDFC0A" box="[1117,1203,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="81" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows shorter than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF43FF9D19E13D84F393F8D6" blockId="81.[136,1452,304,2057]" pageId="81">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D19E13D84F08BFC52" bold="true" box="[189,453,952,977]" pageId="81">Nomenclatural notes:</emphasis>
—When describing
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D1BE93D84F5A7FC52" authority=", Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[693,1257,952,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1BE93D84F2F6FC52" box="[693,952,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="81">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
, Boissier &amp; Haussknecht
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF43FF9D1DA33D84F4EDFC52" author="Boissier, E." box="[1279,1443,952,977]" pageId="81" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
) cited one collection:
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D182F3DE0F364FC76" box="[371,554,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="81">Haussknecht s.n</emphasis>
. In G-BOIS herbarium there are two sheets of this collection for
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D1C553DE0F4E5FC76" box="[1289,1451,988,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1C553DE0F4E5FC76" box="[1289,1451,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="81">C. phlomoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that belong to
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF43FF9D186F3A3CF09CFB9A" box="[307,466,1024,1049]" count="1" pageId="81" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF43FF9D18BC3A3CF394FB9A" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[480,730,1024,1049]" pageId="81" pagination="313 - 420" refId="ref69357" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1980) Centaurea L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 139 b. Akademische Druck-und, Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 313 - 420." type="book chapter" year="1980">Wagenitz (1980: 367)</bibRefCitation>
designated them as a
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D1ABC3A3CF504FB9A" box="[992,1098,1024,1049]" pageId="81" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, whereas these sheets must be automatically considered as a
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D188B3A18F373FBBE" box="[471,573,1060,1085]" pageId="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Furthermore, in G herbarium there are also two sheets belonging to a different collection, “Montes Avroman et Schahu,
<date id="FFFF1022DF43FF9D1B023A74F387FBE2" box="[606,713,1096,1121]" pageId="81" value="1867-07">Jul. 1867</date>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1B8A3A74F2D6FBE2" box="[726,920,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="81">Haussknecht 583</emphasis>
”, which represent
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF43FF9D1D2D3A74F441FBE2" box="[1137,1295,1096,1121]" count="1" pageId="81" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
. These sheets were annotated as an
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D18DB3A50F096FB06" box="[391,472,1132,1157]" pageId="81" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D1B583A50F3E4FB06" box="[516,682,1132,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1B583A50F3E4FB06" box="[516,682,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="81">C. phlomoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Wagenitz on the label. To clarify the situation, we studied the specimens deposited in G-BOIS and G. Regarding collection localities: 1. the specimen in G-BOIS (G00330560) is labelled: “Haussknecht It. Orient.
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF43FF9D1B553A88F3EAFB4E" box="[521,676,1204,1229]" name="Iraq" pageId="81">Mesopotamia</collectingCountry>
” [printed] and “In rup. Calc. supra Nasud in mont. Avroman. 6000’” [handwritten]; 2. the specimen in G (G00382606) is labelled: “Haussknecht It. Orient. Montes Avroman et Shahu” [printed] and “Avroman” [handwritten]; and 3. the protologue reads: “Hab. in rupestribus calcareis Kurdistaniae persicae supra Nasud 6000’”. Both specimens have a printed label with generalised locality information (probably used for several collections). The handwritten locality should be taken into account. There is no evidence that the
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF43FF9D1CDD3B78F1B3FA02" count="2" pageId="81" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
have been collected in different places (both in Mont Avroman). The locality on G-BOIS (G00330560) is more precise and matches the diagnosis. Regarding collection date: 1. the specimen in G-BOIS (G00330560) is labelled: “Mars-Mai. 1867”, but the second sheet is dated: “Jul 67”[handwritten]; 2. the specimen in G (G00382606) is dated: “
<date id="FFFF1022DF43FF9D19A53BE8F029FA6E" box="[249,359,1492,1517]" pageId="81" value="1867-07">Jul. 1867</date>
”; and 3. the protologue reads: “
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF43FF9D1B953BE8F25FFA6E" box="[713,785,1492,1517]" name="Indonesia" pageId="81">Flores</collectingCountry>
Julio nondum explicati’” [flowers in July, not yet opened]. Here, we are in doubt about this printed information on labels, and our opinion is that the second sheet of the G-BOIS specimens bears the true handwritten information, the one Boissier has used for his diagnosis. Furhermore, both specimens appear very similar, not only conspecific but likely being part of the same collection (based on flowering stage, drying appearance). So, it seems that these plants are duplicates, G-BOIS (G00330560) being the
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D1C4F3858F436F9FE" box="[1299,1400,1636,1661]" pageId="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and G (G00382606) an
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D183B38B4F0F2F922" box="[359,444,1672,1697]" pageId="81" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
. As a rule, we consider that the original material used by Boissier for his descriptions of Diagn. Pl. Orient. and Fl. Orient. was in his herbarium and is now in G-BOIS. So, if there is only one collection cited (as in this case), the
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D183338ECF09FF96A" box="[367,465,1744,1769]" pageId="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is automatically the one in G-BOIS. Lectotypification is necessary only when there are several collections cited in the protologue. In that sense, we would not say that the lectotypification of Wagenitz must be “rejected”, because the specimen he selected is actually the
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D1A673924F2EFF8B2" box="[827,929,1816,1841]" pageId="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. We would say that it is superfluous, and would cite the G-BOIS specimen as
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D18883900F377F8D6" box="[468,569,1852,1877]" pageId="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, not
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF43FF9D1B333900F397F8D6" box="[623,729,1852,1877]" pageId="81" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF43FF9D19E1395CF2AAF78A" blockId="81.[136,1452,304,2057]" pageId="81">
Regarding the authorship of the name, Index
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D1BE8395CF51AF8FA" authority=", IPNI and Wagenitz (1960)" authorityName=", IPNI and Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[692,1108,1888,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kewensis">
Kewensis, IPNI and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF43FF9D1AC6395CF51AF8FA" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[922,1108,1888,1913]" pageId="81" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
misinterpreted it as
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D1C6A395CF32BF81E" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1C6A395CF047F81E" italics="true" pageId="81">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
The authorship of the species described for the first time in Boissier’s Flora
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D19973994F0BDF842" authority="(Boissier 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[203,499,1960,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
Orientalis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF43FF9D18153994F0A5F842" author="Boissier, E." box="[329,491,1960,1985]" pageId="81" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. When authorship was shared, Boissier wrote both authors in brackets as
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D1C6A3994F0BCF866" authority="&quot; (Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)" baseAuthorityName="Boiss. &amp; Haussk." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1C6A3994F047F866" italics="true" pageId="81">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
“(Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)
</taxonomicName>
” that should be interpreted as
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D1A1D39F0F45DF866" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." box="[833,1299,1996,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D1A1D39F0F573F866" box="[833,1085,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="81">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn.
</taxonomicName>
in Boiss., but certainly not
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF43FF9D184039CCF211F78A" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." box="[284,863,2032,2057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF43FF9D184039CCF357F78A" box="[284,537,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="81">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
(Art. 46.2).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF40FF9E19D4399DF2FCF835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703556" box="[136,946,1953,1974]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703556/files/figure.png" pageId="82" startId="82.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[180,1397,217,1924]" targetPageId="82" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF40FF9E19D4399DF2FCF835" blockId="82.[136,946,1953,1974]" box="[136,946,1953,1974]" pageId="82">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF40FF9E19D4399DF044F835" bold="true" box="[136,266,1953,1974]" pageId="82">FIGURE 54.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF40FF9E1853399DF399F835" authority="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[271,727,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF40FF9E1853399DF0A7F835" box="[271,489,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="82">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
Boissier &amp; Haussknecht
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF40FF9E1BB8399DF2CFF835" box="[740,897,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="82">Haussknecht s.n</emphasis>
., G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF41FF9F19D43DF6F46EFC5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703560" box="[136,1312,970,991]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703560/files/figure.png" pageId="83" startId="83.[136,229,970,991]" targetBox="[159,1389,209,930]" targetPageId="83" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF41FF9F19D43DF6F46EFC5C" blockId="83.[136,1312,970,991]" box="[136,1312,970,991]" pageId="83">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19D43DF6F04DFC5C" bold="true" box="[136,259,970,991]" pageId="83">FIGURE 55</emphasis>
. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F18FF3DF6F333FC5C" box="[419,637,970,991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F18FF3DF6F333FC5C" box="[419,637,970,991]" italics="true" pageId="83">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles),
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F1B813DF6F232FC5C" box="[733,892,970,991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rahiminejadii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1B813DF6F232FC5C" box="[733,892,970,991]" italics="true" pageId="83">C. rahiminejadii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares), and
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F1D523DF6F5FEFC5C" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[1038,1200,970,991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravansarensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1D523DF6F5FEFC5C" box="[1038,1200,970,991]" italics="true" pageId="83">C. ravansarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF41FF9F19E13A33F2A0FB5F" blockId="83.[136,1452,1039,1352]" pageId="83">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19E13A33F3DCFBAB" bold="true" box="[189,658,1039,1064]" pageId="83">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F1BF23A33F2FCFBAB" box="[686,946,1039,1064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1BF23A33F2FCFBAB" box="[686,946,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="83">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a narrow endemic to
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF41FF9F1DB43A33F438FBAB" box="[1256,1398,1039,1064]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="83">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF41FF9F19D43A0FF1B8FBCF" box="[136,246,1075,1100]" country="Iran" name="Kordestan" pageId="83">Kurdistan</collectingRegion>
Provinces, W
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF41FF9F18FC3A0FF083FBCF" box="[416,461,1075,1100]" name="Iran" pageId="83">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF41FF9F18823A0FF37BFBCF" box="[478,565,1075,1100]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="83.[136,229,970,991]" captionTargetBox="[159,1389,209,930]" captionTargetId="figure-14@83.[151,1436,190,945]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 55. Distribution of Centaurea phlomoides (circles), C. rahiminejadii (squares), and C. ravansarensis (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703560/files/figure.png" pageId="83">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
). It seems likely to occur also in NE
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF41FF9F1ABF3A0FF55AFBCF" box="[995,1044,1075,1100]" name="Iraq" pageId="83">Iraq</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F1D7C3A0FF451FBCF" box="[1056,1311,1075,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1D7C3A0FF451FBCF" box="[1056,1311,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="83">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on stony slopes, dry open places,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F1A333A6BF56DFBF3" box="[879,1059,1111,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brantii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1A333A6BF56DFBF3" box="[879,1059,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="83">Quercus brantii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, and mid-montane zone, at elevations of
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F18423A47F0F2FB17" box="[286,444,1147,1172]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="83" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300–1800 m</quantity>
. Is is the only species of
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1B8E3A47F3A5FB17" box="[722,747,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="83">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F1A773A47F2E5FB17" box="[811,939,1147,1172]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1A773A47F2E5FB17" box="[811,939,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="83">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with digitate spinules.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F1DF23A47F4E5FB17" box="[1198,1451,1147,1172]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1DF23A47F4E5FB17" box="[1198,1451,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="83">Centaurea phlomoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct species without close relatives in
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF41FF9F1BDD3AA3F3FCFB3B" box="[641,690,1183,1208]" name="Iran" pageId="83">Iran</collectingCountry>
. It is easily distinguished from the other yellow-flowering species of
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19D43AFFF1ECFB5F" box="[136,162,1219,1244]" italics="true" pageId="83">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F19BE3AFFF02CFB5F" box="[226,354,1219,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19BE3AFFF02CFB5F" box="[226,354,1219,1244]" italics="true" pageId="83">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having digitate spinules and densely congest corymbs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF41FF9F19E13ADBF327FA83" blockId="83.[136,1452,1039,1352]" box="[189,617,1255,1280]" pageId="83">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19E13ADBF099FA83" bold="true" box="[189,471,1255,1280]" pageId="83">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF41FF9F19E13B37F211FACB" pageId="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF41FF9F19E13B37F211FACB" blockId="83.[136,1452,1039,1352]" pageId="83">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19E13B37F30FFAA7" bold="true" box="[189,577,1291,1316]" pageId="83">Selected specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF41FF9F1B1D3B37F212FACB" collectionCode="TUH, HKK" collectorName="Ghahreman &amp; Attar" country="Iran" elevation="1350" location="Bayangan" municipality="Paveh" pageId="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1B1D3B37F3C7FAA7" bold="true" box="[577,649,1291,1316]" pageId="83">
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF41FF9F1B1D3B37F3C7FAA7" box="[577,649,1291,1316]" name="Iran" pageId="83">IRAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Prov.
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF41FF9F1B863B37F222FAA7" box="[730,876,1291,1316]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="83">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF41FF9F1A243B37F2F1FAA7" box="[888,959,1291,1316]" pageId="83">Paveh</collectingMunicipality>
, road of
<location id="8E9E6039DF41FF9F1D793B37F5D6FAA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF43FF9F19D43E9CF211FACB:8E9E6039DF41FF9F1D793B37F5D6FAA7" box="[1061,1176,1291,1316]" country="Iran" municipality="Paveh" name="Bayangan" pageId="83" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Bayangan</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1DF83B37F5B2FAA7" box="[1188,1276,1291,1316]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="83" unit="m" value="1350.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF41FF9F1DF83B37F5B2FAA7" box="[1188,1276,1291,1316]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="83" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1C553B37F041FACB" italics="true" pageId="83">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF41FF9F1C553B37F4C0FAA7" box="[1289,1422,1291,1316]" pageId="83">Ghahreman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B45334DF41FF9F19D43B13F18CFACB" box="[136,194,1327,1352]" pageId="83">Attar</collectorName>
22588
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF41FF9F18423B13F02CFACB" box="[286,354,1327,1352]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13098" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13098" name="Tehran University" pageId="83" type="Herbarium">TUH</collectionCode>
!); Bayangan,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F18A43B13F301FACB" box="[504,591,1327,1352]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="83" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF41FF9F18A43B13F301FACB" box="[504,591,1327,1352]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="83" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F1B073B13F3B7FACB" box="[603,761,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="83">Neamati 4866</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF41FF9F1A543B13F201FACB" box="[776,847,1327,1352]" pageId="83">HKK</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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