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<document id="77152D036C9436E21E8030EC522B0CBD" ID-CLB-Dataset="298442" ID-DOI="10.25226/bboc.v139i1.2019.a4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e79f978-cb64-470c-8db5-e0c8e2ee192e" ID-ISSN="2513-9894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11637630" ID-ZooBank="4FE6D333-CC9F-466B-A736-38F5F31A6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1718071293536" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Melo, Tomaz Nascimento de &amp; Greeney, Harold F." docDate="2019" docId="03E86F5AFF99FF8393C8F9077BE5FA43" docLanguage="en" docName="BullBritOrnitholClub.139.1.56-64.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 139 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223.1:BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223" docStyleName="BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lathrotriccus euleri" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFD11722FF9FFF849358FC3C792CFFB7" masterDocTitle="Notes on the breeding biology of birds in riverine floodplains of western Amazonia" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="56" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1718288835671" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4E4D6AF2BE58B4995C6823976ED5D178">Notes on the breeding biology of birds in riverine floodplains of western Amazonia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E86F5AFF99FF8393C8F9077BE5FA43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11637658" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232746874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11637658" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E86F5AFF99FF8393C8F9077BE5FA43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E86F5AFF99FF8393C8F9077BE5FA43" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C35B8DC7FF99FF8293C8F9077B50FAE3" box="[144,636,1339,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFEDE4CFF99FF8293C8F9077B50FAE3" blockId="6.[144,1165,1339,1684]" box="[144,636,1339,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D0B66920FF99FF8293C8F9077B50FAE3" box="[144,636,1339,1364]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF99FF8293C8F9077887FAE4" bold="true" box="[144,427,1339,1363]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">EULER’S FLYCATCHER</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF99FF8292EAF9007B50FAE3" ID-CoL="3SKQQ" authority="Cabanis, 1868" baseAuthorityName="Cabanis" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[434,636,1340,1364]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Lathrotriccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euleri">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF99FF8292EAF9007B50FAE3" box="[434,636,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Lathrotriccus euleri</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFEDE4CFF99FF8393C8F96078DCFBE2" blockId="6.[144,1165,1339,1684]" lastBlockId="7.[144,1164,988,1109]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
On
<date id="FFFFF88CFF99FF8293E5F96078A5FAC3" box="[189,393,1372,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" value="2017-09-06">6 September 2017</date>
a nest was discovered in the same lowland forest where those of
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF99FF8293C8F9407844FA23" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[144,360,1404,1428]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Phaethornis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispidus">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF99FF8293C8F9407844FA23" box="[144,360,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Phaethornis hispidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF99FF8292FBF9407BABFA24" baseAuthorityName="Orbigny &amp; Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[419,647,1404,1428]" class="Aves" family="Furnariidae" genus="Cranioleuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturata">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF99FF8292FBF9407BABFA24" box="[419,647,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Cranioleuca gutturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found, sited in a dried cocoa
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF99FF829743F94079EAFA04" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF99FF829743F94079EAFA04" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fruit (
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF99FF829248F9A078A7FA03" box="[272,395,1436,1460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
),
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above ground (
<figureCitation id="137AC2C9FF99FF8291F8F9A07BCEFA03" box="[672,738,1436,1460]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[144,205,911,930]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,895]" captionTargetId="figure-363@7.[144,1164,129,895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6. Nest and eggs of Euler’s Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri in a dried cocoa Theobroma cacao fruit (Malvaceae), Rondônia, Brazil, September 2017 (Tomaz Nascimento de Melo)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11637650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11637650/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The entrance was a hole in the side of the fruit, and the interior was covered by dark rootlets, small fibres and green moss, forming a shallow cup. It was not possible to take measurements, but the nest held two pinkish eggs with reddish-brown spots at the large end. Only
<specimenCount id="9D4715C5FF99FF829019F9C07A87F9A3" box="[833,939,1532,1556]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
was observed at the nest. This species constucts a cup-shaped nest of fibres, and uses small holes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF99FF829751FA207811F9E3" author="Farnsworth, A. &amp; Lebbin, D." pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refId="ref2744" refString="Farnsworth, A. &amp; Lebbin, D. 2004. Euler's Flycatcher (Lathrotriccus euleri). Pp. 354 - 355 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. &amp; Christie, D. A. (eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 9. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="book" year="2004">Farnsworth &amp; Lebbin 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Londoño (2014) depicted a similar nest, in the Peruvian Amazon, with two apparently identical eggs, but constructed in a natural cavity. Possibly this is the first formal description of a nest of
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF99FF8292B7FA407B69F923" baseAuthorityName="Cabanis" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[495,581,1660,1684]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Lathrotriccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euleri">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF99FF8292B7FA407B69F923" box="[495,581,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">L. euleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Amazonia, but its breeding biology in the south and south-east of its range is well known (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF83912DFFE07ADCFC43" author="Di Giacomo, A. G. &amp; Lopez Lanus, B. M." box="[629,1008,988,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref2706" refString="Di Giacomo, A. G. &amp; Lopez Lanus, B. M. 1998. Aportes sobre la nidificacion de veinte especies de aves del noroeste argentino. El Hornero 15: 29 - 38." type="journal article" year="1998">Di Giacomo &amp; López Lanús 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF8390A3FFE079E9FBA3" author="Aguilar, T. M. &amp; Leite, L. O. &amp; Marini, M. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="125 - 133" refId="ref2379" refString="Aguilar, T. M., Leite, L. O. &amp; Marini, M. A. 1999. Biologia da nidificacao de Lahtrotriccus euleri (Cabanis, 1968) (Tyrannidae) em fragmentos de mata de Minas Gerais. Ararajuba 7: 125 - 133." type="journal article" year="1999">
Aguilar
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF839701FFE17DA9FC43" box="[1113,1157,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF839389FFC078B9FBA3" author="Marini, M. A. &amp; Aguilar, T. M. &amp; Andrade, R. D. &amp; Leite, L. O. &amp; Anciaes, M. &amp; Carvalho, C. E. A. &amp; Duca, C. &amp; Maldonado-Coelho, M. &amp; Sebaio, F. &amp; Goncalves, J." box="[209,405,1020,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="367 - 376" refId="ref3112" refString="Marini, M. A., Aguilar, T. M., Andrade, R. D., Leite, L. O., Anciaes, M., Carvalho, C. E. A., Duca, C., Maldonado-Coelho, M., Sebaio, F. &amp; Goncalves, J. 2007. Biologia da nidificacao de aves do sudeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Orn. 15: 367 - 376." type="journal article" year="2007">
Marini
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF83927DFFC1787DFBA3" box="[293,337,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF8392F8FFC07BAEFBA3" author="Auer, S. K. &amp; Bassar, R. D." box="[416,642,1020,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="321 - 333" refId="ref2430" refString="Auer, S. K. &amp; Bassar, R. D. 2009. Breeding biology of passerines in a subtropical montane forest in northwestern Argentina. Condor 109: 321 - 333." type="journal article" year="2009">Auer &amp; Bassar 2009</bibRefCitation>
). There, nests are shallow cups constructed in natural cavities in trees, fallen logs or in ravines, with a mean height above ground of
<specimenCount id="9D4715C5FF98FF839704F8207DA0FB83" box="[1116,1164,1052,1076]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CB973A9FF98FF839704F8207DA4FB83" box="[1116,1160,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
The clutch is two or
<specimenCount id="9D4715C5FF98FF83922EF80078C0FBE2" box="[374,492,1084,1109]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="egg">three eggs</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E8EC4FF98FF8393C8FFB37A47FC0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11637650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11637650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11637650/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" startId="7.[144,205,911,930]" targetBox="[144,1164,129,895]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFEDE4CFF98FF8393C8FFB37A47FC0C" blockId="7.[144,1165,911,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Figure 6. Nest and eggs of Euler’s Flycatcher
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF98FF839105FFB37A20FC15" baseAuthorityName="Cabanis" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[605,780,911,930]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Lathrotriccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euleri">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF839105FFB37A20FC15" box="[605,780,911,930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Lathrotriccus euleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a dried cocoa
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF98FF83909AFFB37D75FC16" box="[962,1113,911,930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF83909AFFB37D75FC16" box="[962,1113,911,930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fruit (
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF98FF8393CEFF9479D1FC0C" box="[150,253,936,955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
), Rondônia, Brazil, September 2017 (Tomaz Nascimento de Melo)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFEDE4CFF98FF839398F8407BE5FA43" blockId="7.[144,1164,1148,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Although
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF839269F8407B2BFB23" author="Stouffer, P. C. &amp; Johnson, E. I. &amp; Bierregaard, R. O." box="[305,519,1148,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="529 - 540" refId="ref3741" refString="Stouffer, P. C., Johnson, E. I. &amp; Bierregaard, R. O. 2013. Breeding seasonality in central Amazonian rainforest birds. Auk 130: 529 - 540." type="journal article" year="2013">
Stouffer
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF8392D7F8417894FB23" box="[399,440,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
did not identify a well-defined breeding season for central Amazonian upland birds, landscapes in the floodplains are subject to strong transformation between the dry and wet seasons due to the dynamics of the flood (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF8390CEF8807DADFB63" author="Wittmann, F. &amp; Schongart, J. &amp; Junk, W. J." box="[918,1153,1212,1236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref3833" refString="Wittmann, F., Schongart, J. &amp; Junk, W. J. 2010. Phytogeography, species diversity, community structure and dynamics of central Amazonian floodplain forests. Pp. 61 - 102 in Junk, W. J., Piedade, M. T. F., Wittmann, F., Schongart, J. &amp; Parolin, P. (eds.) Amazonian floodplain forests. Ecophysiology, biodiversity and sustainable management. Springer Verlag, London." type="book" year="2010">
Wittmann
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF839748F8817D10FB63" box="[1040,1084,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), which can alter the availability of nest sites (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF8391FBF8E07A7AFB43" author="Beja, P. &amp; Santos, C. D. &amp; Santana, J. &amp; Pereira, M. J. &amp; Marques, J. T. &amp; Queiroz, H. L. &amp; Palmeirim, J. M." box="[675,854,1244,1268]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="129 - 152" refId="ref2465" refString="Beja, P., Santos, C. D., Santana, J., Pereira, M. J., Marques, J. T., Queiroz, H. L. &amp; Palmeirim, J. M. 2010. Seasonal patterns of spatial variation in understory birds assemblages across a mosaic of flooded and unflooded Amazonian forests. Biodivers. &amp; Conserv. 19: 129 - 152." type="journal article" year="2010">
Beja
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF839186F8E17A21FB43" box="[734,781,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Of the species for which breeding activity was registered in the Madeira floodplain, five bred when water levels were falling (June/July) and one in the dry season (September). Although the same sites were sampled as in the early wet season (December), when the Madeira River is at its highest level (March) TNM did not find any evidence of nesting activity. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0A3BDFF98FF839763F9607DA0FAC3" author="Leite, G. A. &amp; Barreiros, M. H. M. &amp; Farias, I. P. &amp; Peres, C. A." box="[1083,1164,1372,1396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="83 - 85" refId="ref3057" refString="Leite, G. A., Barreiros, M. H. M., Farias, I. P. &amp; Peres, C. A. 2016. Description of the nest of two Thamnophilidae species in Brazilian Amazon. Rev. Bras. Orn. 24: 83 - 85." type="journal article" year="2016">
Leite
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF839722F9617DA0FAC3" box="[1146,1164,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF8393C8F940798EFA23" box="[144,162,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">al</emphasis>
. (2016) found an active nest of Leaden Antwren
<taxonomicName id="4C41A5CFFF98FF83919FF9407A92FA23" authorityName="Pelzeln" authorityYear="1868" box="[711,958,1404,1428]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmotherula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B935025EFF98FF83919FF9407A92FA23" box="[711,958,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Myrmotherula assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the Juruá River during its peak flood (March). Environments in the floodplains change completely between the dry and wet season, creating different opportunities for nesting, presumably depending on the natural history attributes of a given species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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