797 lines
104 KiB
XML
797 lines
104 KiB
XML
<document id="CC5113E3BCBC047A8006383E77E010E4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b58fb76-37be-42f9-9e9f-fcfa1c562b12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199153" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460327991237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M., Infante-Rivero, Edwin E., Cabello, Pedro & Velozo, Pablo" docDate="2010" docId="03CE3052FFA13573FF0AFA48FAE8FCF8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02671p016.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2671" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gonatodes lichenosus Rojas-Runjaic, Infante-Rivero, Cabello & Velozo, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFF7482AFFA0357FFF9DFFBDFFCAFFAA" masterDocTitle="A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698258173674" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A1B3ECF9A81A8D3D3228C35E8AAA511F">
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<mods:title id="486D8562BA1B70806270AA6C5D46DD3D">A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="71C52702A1C0AC4743B551D932B3711B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="13001EA95FC71287C325CF9DF9627AA2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A226C4B366B05154139E716B000AEC4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="70299C83408442C43B6087B25B4BDD1C">Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0A8138B73AAEBAEDF8D06A84E81DAC8">Infante-Rivero, Edwin E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D87EBF037FDD1020F5105F627FC5496">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4FD95FFFE086CFE99746A1FFC1B2CBE9">Cabello, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="ABE7A2CE8BE54977475B954307B489BD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD1F94DA13AD05457795E4EE780116BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="094C4EA4C7902D27AD3E9FBD9142E5FD">Velozo, Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3C86429021221A076E7AB2940B3026E8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BA1F144896B6579F2103C7DFCD16DF89">
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<mods:title id="CA54F692C76780821242E370567FC8D8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D6DB62F9FC988E78FBD74102D5DF30F5">
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<mods:date id="352BF2AFE7898C806159E4D9ADBB3CEC">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="49AA7B413CB623A536A2ADB87F1F6FD5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C31D9D49247AC5E265F8C1613FE51228">2671</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8CC30BBE2DB41059E49352C3D66BD9F9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CB3725C91B11D1A9DC07AB635DD40750" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9712C8C1E8740ED73B5F4EB34456716F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2471D4713E27FB8BB994CAE72FCE9830" type="Zenodo-Dep">199153</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CE3052FFA13573FF0AFA48FAE8FCF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6200662" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119404093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6200662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE3052FFA13573FF0AFA48FAE8FCF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE3052FFA13573FF0AFA48FAE8FCF8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C37DD2CFFFA1357EFF0AFA48FED2F9FD" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA1357EFF0AFA48FDC1F9A5" blockId="1.[151,766,1525,1623]" box="[151,523,1525,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0903628FFA1357EFF0AFA48FDC1F9A5" bold="true" box="[151,523,1525,1551]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA1357EFF0AFA48FDC1F9A5" bold="true" box="[151,523,1525,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA1357EFF0AFA48FE6AF9A5" box="[151,416,1525,1551]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA1357EFF0AFA48FE6AF9A5" bold="true" box="[151,416,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFA1357EFE33FA48FDC1F9A5" box="[430,523,1525,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA1357EFF0AF9A5FED2F9FD" blockId="1.[151,766,1525,1623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Perijá Lichen-Gecko, Tuqueque Liquenoso de Perijá (
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<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA1357EFF02F980FEC4F9FD" box="[159,270,1597,1623]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,784,808]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,259,1928,1952]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,255,1920,1944]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,255,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1401,197,1973]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,194,762]" captionTargetBox-2="[205,1383,891,1915]" captionTargetBox-3="[176,1411,194,1902]" captionTargetBox-4="[303,1291,194,1872]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[189,1402,197,1975]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,194,763]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[205,1384,891,1916]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[176,1412,194,1902]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[303,1292,194,1872]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Details of dorsal (a), lateral (b), and ventral (c) views of the head of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116). Scale bar represents 2 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype MHNLS 19116), showing clusters of enlarged, conical to spinelike scales on the flanks of neck and trunk. White arrows indicate the clusters of scales magnified in upper right and lower left frames." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116): a. Ventral view showing escutcheon areas on posterior part of belly and undersurface of thighs; b. Detail of subcaudal scale pattern; c. Ventral view of left hand (scale bar represent 1 mm); d. Ventral view of left foot (scale bar represents 2 mm)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Variation on dorsal (a) and ventral (b) color pattern of the type series of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.; a: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19109 and 19110; b: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19110 and 19109. Note the absence of sexual dichromatism in both views." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/199154/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/199155/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/199156/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/199157/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/199158/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37DD2CFFFA1357EFF0AF93AFEADF858" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA1357EFF0AF93AFC34F8B8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1671,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA1357EFF0AF93AFED0F90B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1671,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA1357EFF0AF93AFEDFF90B" box="[151,277,1671,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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An adult male,
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<collectionCode id="ED761981FFA1357EFE77F935FD9CF908" box="[490,598,1672,1698]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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19116 (field number SP191), from Manastara, Yukpa indigenous community, Río Negro basin, Parque Nacional Sierra de Perijá, Municipio Machiques de Perijá, Sierra de Perijá, Estado Zulia,
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<collectingCountry id="F370C1D4FFA1357EFE13F96FFDCDF946" box="[398,519,1746,1772]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE53E783FFA1357EFD8AF96FFD0BF946" box="[535,705,1746,1772]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="10.047778">10°02’52.0”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE53E783FFA1357EFD50F96FFCB6F946" box="[717,892,1746,1772]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="-72.81189">72°48’42.8”W</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation
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<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA1357EFC66F96FFB99F946" box="[1019,1107,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.132" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="1132.0">1132 m</quantity>
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asl), collected on
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<date id="FFD9A784FFA1357EFAB7F96FFF1FF8B8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2009-03-18">18 March 2009</date>
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, by Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, Pedro Cabello, and Pablo Velozo.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA1357EFF58F8A0FBABF8F6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1671,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA1357EFF58F8A0FE9AF89D" bold="true" box="[197,336,1821,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA1357EFF58F8A0FE81F89D" box="[197,331,1821,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Three adult males (
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<collectionCode id="ED761981FFA1357EFDD4F8A0FD7FF89D" box="[585,693,1821,1847]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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19101, 19109 and 19110), and two adult females (
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<collectionCode id="ED761981FFA1357EFAADF8A0FA56F89D" box="[1328,1436,1821,1847]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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19107, 19111), same data as the
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<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA1357EFD88F8FFFDB4F8F6" box="[533,638,1858,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, collected between
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<date id="FFD9A784FFA1357EFCF9F8FFFB97F8F6" box="[868,1117,1858,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2009-03-16" valueMax="2009-03-18" valueMin="2009-03-16">16 to 18 March 2009</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA1357EFF58F8DAFEADF858" blockId="1.[151,1437,1671,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA1357EFF58F8DAFD60F82B" bold="true" box="[197,682,1895,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Referred specimens (not
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<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA1357EFD8FF8DAFD56F82B" box="[530,668,1895,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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):
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</emphasis>
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An adult female (
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<collectionCode id="ED761981FFA1357EFC12F8D5FC36F828" box="[911,1020,1896,1922]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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19108), and a juvenile (
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<collectionCode id="ED761981FFA1357EFAADF8D5FA57F828" box="[1328,1437,1896,1922]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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19117), with the same data as the
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<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA1357EFDAEF830FD55F80D" box="[563,671,1933,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, collected between
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<date id="FFD9A784FFA1357EFC11F830FB69F80D" box="[908,1187,1933,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2009-03-16" valueMax="2009-03-18" valueMin="2009-03-16">16 and 18 March 2009</date>
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; a neonate (
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<collectionCode id="ED761981FFA1357EFAAFF830FA56F80D" box="[1330,1436,1933,1959]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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19160), with the same data as the
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<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA1357EFDB4F80FFD59F866" box="[553,659,1970,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, collected (as an egg) on
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<date id="FFD9A784FFA1357EFC22F80FFBBCF866" box="[959,1142,1970,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2009-03-20">20 March 2009</date>
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, and hatched in captivity on
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<date id="FFD9A784FFA1357EFF26F865FEA9F858" box="[187,355,2008,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2009-04-24">24 April 2009</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF18D1CCFFA2357DFF0AF878FA4CF877" box="[151,1414,1989,2013]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[189,1401,197,1973]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA2357DFF0AF878FA4CF877" blockId="2.[151,1414,1989,2013]" box="[151,1414,1989,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA2357DFF0AF878FED3F877" bold="true" box="[151,281,1989,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA2357DFEBDF87BFDC1F877" box="[288,523,1990,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA2357DFEBDF87BFDC1F877" box="[288,523,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA2357DFD8CF878FDACF877" bold="true" box="[529,614,1989,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFA2357DFD8CF878FDACF877" box="[529,614,1989,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107).
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<caption id="DF18D1CCFFA3357CFF0AFCADFD14FCE2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199155/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[151,1435,194,762]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA3357CFF0AFCADFD14FCE2" blockId="3.[151,1436,784,840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA3357CFF0AFCADFED0FC82" bold="true" box="[151,282,784,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Details of dorsal (a), lateral (b), and ventral (c) views of the head of
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<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA3357CFB91FCACFB30FC82" box="[1036,1274,785,808]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA3357CFB91FCACFB30FC82" box="[1036,1274,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA3357CFA9CFCADFA92FC82" bold="true" box="[1281,1368,784,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFA3357CFA9CFCADFA92FC82" box="[1281,1368,784,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(male holotype, MHNLS 19116). Scale bar represents 2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<caption id="DF18D1CCFFA3357CFF0AF835FD46F875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199156/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[205,1383,891,1915]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA3357CFF0AF835FD46F875" blockId="3.[151,1437,1928,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA3357CFF0AF835FEEBF80A" bold="true" box="[151,289,1928,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA3357CFE46F835FD1FF835" box="[475,725,1928,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA3357CFE46F835FD1FF835" box="[475,725,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA3357CFD43F835FCF0F80A" bold="true" box="[734,826,1928,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFA3357CFD43F835FCF0F80A" box="[734,826,1928,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(male holotype MHNLS 19116), showing clusters of enlarged, conical to spinelike scales on the flanks of neck and trunk. White arrows indicate the clusters of scales magnified in upper right and lower left frames.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF18D1CCFFA4357BFF0AF83DFBDAF87D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199157/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[176,1411,194,1902]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA4357BFF0AF83DFBDAF87D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1920,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA4357BFF0AF83DFED3F832" bold="true" box="[151,281,1920,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA4357BFEBCF83CFDC7F832" box="[289,525,1921,1944]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA4357BFEBCF83CFDC7F832" box="[289,525,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA4357BFD8EF83DFDA3F832" bold="true" box="[531,617,1920,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFA4357BFD8EF83DFDA3F832" box="[531,617,1920,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(male holotype, MHNLS 19116): a. Ventral view showing escutcheon areas on posterior part of belly and undersurface of thighs; b. Detail of subcaudal scale pattern; c. Ventral view of left hand (scale bar represent 1 mm); d. Ventral view of left foot (scale bar represents 2 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF18D1CCFFA5357AFF0AF8E0FD40F874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199158/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[303,1291,194,1872]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA5357AFF0AF8E0FD40F874" blockId="5.[151,1436,1885,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA5357AFF0AF8E0FED1F8DF" bold="true" box="[151,283,1885,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation on dorsal (a) and ventral (b) color pattern of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA5357AFBB2F8E3FAD6F8DF" box="[1071,1308,1886,1909]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA5357AFBB2F8E3FAD6F8DF" box="[1071,1308,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA5357AFAB9F8E0FAB0F8DF" bold="true" box="[1316,1402,1885,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFA5357AFAB9F8E0FAB0F8DF" box="[1316,1402,1885,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; a: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19109 and 19110; b: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19110 and 19109. Note the absence of sexual dichromatism in both views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37DD2CFFFA63579FF58FF2AFCECFD8D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA63579FF58FF2AFCECFD8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FF58FF2AFE82FF1B" bold="true" box="[197,328,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species can be readily distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) body size moderate, with males from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FC1FFF00FB92FF7D" box="[898,1112,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.022499999999999" metricValueMax="4.14" metricValueMin="3.905" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="40.224999999999994" valueMax="41.4" valueMin="39.05">39.05 to 41.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and females from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FAA6FF00FEDEFF56" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.255" metricValueMax="4.445" metricValueMin="4.0649999999999995" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="42.55" valueMax="44.45" valueMin="40.65">40.65 to 44.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
; (2) supraciliary spine absent; (3) dorsolateral light spots that coincide with clusters of enlarged, conical to spinelike scales; (4) 100 to 106 scales around midbody; (5) 42 to 45 ventral scales counted in a longitudinal row; (6) males with escutcheon area on belly and undersurface of thighs; (7) two lateral rows of scales on distal parts of fingers and toes; (8) ventral surface of tail with a pattern of scales consisting of two to four basal series of single midventral scales in contact posterolaterally on each side with one scale followed by a divided midventral scale in contact with two scales per side (1’2”), and continuing distally with repetitive series of single midventral scale in contact posterolaterally with one scale per side and single midventral in contact with two scales per side (1’1”); (9) males and females with cryptic coloration pattern dorsally, and yellow to ocher ventrally, without sexual dichromatism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37DD2CFFFA63579FF58FD8FFE11FA66" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA63579FF58FD8FFB35FC68" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FF58FD8FFE04FDE1" box="[197,462,562,587]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FF58FD8FFE04FDE1" box="[197,462,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FD15FD8FFBEBFDE6" authority="Cole & Kok" authorityName="Cole & Kok" box="[648,1057,562,588]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandermendesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FD15FD8FFC4FFDE1" box="[648,901,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. alexandermendesi</emphasis>
|
||
Cole & Kok
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370C1D4FFA63579FBF1FD8FFB03FDE6" box="[1132,1225,562,588]" name="Guyana" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370C1D4FFA63579FF0AFDE5FEDAFDD8" box="[151,272,600,626]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cole & Kok 2006,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FD9BFDE5FD3DFDD8" author="Schargel" box="[518,759,600,626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Schargel, W. E., Rivas, G. A., Makowsky, R., Senaris, J. C., Natera, M. A., Barros, T. R., Molina, C. R. & Barrio-Amoros, C. L. (2010) Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Gonatodes (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) in the Guayana region, with description of a new species from Venezuela. Systematics and Biodiversity, 8, 321 - 339." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Schargel
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FDE9FDE5FD63FDDB" box="[628,681,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FC91FDE5FC32FDD8" authority="Griffin" authorityName="Griffin" box="[780,1016,600,626]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FC91FDE5FCD4FDDB" box="[780,798,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FCB0FDE5FC54FDDB" box="[813,926,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">hasemani</emphasis>
|
||
Griffin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from south of the Amazonas River (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FF03FDC0FEA6FD3D" author="Avila-Pires" box="[158,364,637,663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Avila-Pires, T. S. C. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FE28FDC0FC31FD3D" authority="Barrio-Amoros & Brewer-Carias" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros & Brewer-Carias" box="[437,1019,637,663]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FE28FDC0FE0DFD3C" box="[437,455,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FE4BFDC0FDA1FD3C" box="[470,619,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sima Mayor of Sarisariñama tepui, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370C1D4FFA63579FECBFD1FFE19FD16" box="[342,467,674,700]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FE79FD1FFC0EFD16" author="Barrio-Amoros" box="[484,964,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Barrio-Amoros, C. L. & Brewer-Carias, C. (2008) Herpetological results of the 2002 expedition to Sarisarinama, a tepui in Venezuelan Guayana, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa, 1942, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008">Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are the only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FB65FD1FFAB1FD11" box="[1272,1403,674,699]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FB65FD1FFAB1FD11" box="[1272,1403,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which clusters of enlarged conical to spinelike scales along the body are present (data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FB52FD75FA5DFD48" author="Avila-Pires" box="[1231,1431,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Avila-Pires, T. S. C. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FF0AFD50FDB7FCAD" author="Barrio-Amoros" box="[151,637,749,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Barrio-Amoros, C. L. & Brewer-Carias, C. (2008) Herpetological results of the 2002 expedition to Sarisarinama, a tepui in Venezuelan Guayana, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa, 1942, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008">Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Cole & Kok 2006,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FCE6FD50FBB5FCAD" author="Rivero-Blanco" box="[891,1151,749,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1979) The Neotropical lizard genus Gonatodes Fitzinger (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae). PhD Dissertation, Departament of Wildlife Fisheries Sciencies, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 233 pp." type="book" year="1979">Rivero-Blanco 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FA8BFD50FEDEFC81" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FA8BFD50FEDEFC81" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these species (characters in parenthesis) in not having an elongate supraciliary spine (supraciliary spine present), having a subcaudal pattern 1’2” basally, that changes to 1’1” distally (medial subcaudal scales not distinctly differentiated from adjacent scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FC7EFCE0FBB3FCDC" box="[995,1145,861,886]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FC7EFCE0FBB3FCDC" box="[995,1145,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hasemani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and, 1’1” pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FA1EFCE0FEA5FC31" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandermendesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FA1EFCE0FEA5FC31" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. alexandermendesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FE37FC3FFDABFC31" box="[426,609,898,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FE37FC3FFDABFC31" box="[426,609,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and not having sexual dichromatism (sexual dichromatism present, with males showing bright and conspicuous colors, and females showing cryptic color patterns).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA63579FF58FC70FA4FFB6D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Only one other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FD89FC70FD56FC4C" box="[532,668,973,998]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FD89FC70FD56FC4C" box="[532,668,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from La Azulita (Estado Mérida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370C1D4FFA63579FBC4FC70FB17FC4D" box="[1113,1245,973,999]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and until now undescribed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FEA8FC4FFDEDFBA6" author="Rivero-Blanco" box="[309,551,1010,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1979) The Neotropical lizard genus Gonatodes Fitzinger (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae). PhD Dissertation, Departament of Wildlife Fisheries Sciencies, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 233 pp." type="book" year="1979">Rivero-Blanco 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) exhibits poorly defined sexual dichromatism; nevertheless there are some some evident color differences between sexes in this species, like the “golden appearance on the body” and the “flat gray gular region” in males.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FDC9FB80FC9DFBFC" box="[596,855,1085,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FDC9FB80FC9DFBFC" box="[596,855,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from this undescribed species (characters in parenthesis) in not having any sexually dichromatic character (sexual dichromatism poorly defined but present as above mentioned), by the subcaudal pattern (subcaudal pattern 1’1’1”), and in having only two lateral rows of scales on distal the parts of fingers and toes (three lateral rows of scales on fingers and toes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA63579FF58FB6FFE11FA66" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Three other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FE42FB6EFDA9FB46" box="[479,611,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FE42FB6EFDA9FB46" box="[479,611,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from Sierra de Perijá:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FB95FB6EFB72FB46" box="[1032,1208,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FB95FB6EFB72FB46" box="[1032,1208,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. albogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FB55FB6EFA88FB46" box="[1224,1346,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. v i t t a t u s</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FA1EFB6EFF2DFABB" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FA1EFB6EFF2DFABB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the former two species inhabit the foothills up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FCAAFB45FC49FAB8" box="[823,899,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
, whereas the later is widely distributed on the eastern slope of Perijá from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FE74FAA0FD5DFA9D" box="[489,663,1309,1335]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="200.0">200 to 1200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA63579FD3AFAA0FBD9FA9D" author="Rojas-Runjaic" box="[679,1043,1309,1335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M. & Infante R., E. E. (2009) Redescripcion de Gonatodes petersi Donoso-Barros, 1967 (Squamata: Gekkonidae), un tuqueque endemico de la vertiente venezolana de la sierra de Perija. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, 170, 81 - 98." type="journal article" year="2009">Rojas-Runjaic & Infante 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is likely sympatric with the new species. These three species, unlike
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FDEAFAFEFCDAFAF6" box="[631,784,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. l i c h e n o s u s</emphasis>
|
||
, have a subcaudal pattern of 1’1’2” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FB57FAFEFAB8FAF6" box="[1226,1394,1347,1372]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FB57FAFEFAB8FAF6" box="[1226,1394,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. albogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or 1’1’1” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FF68FAD5FEA7FA2B" box="[245,365,1384,1409]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FF68FAD5FEA7FA2B" box="[245,365,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. vittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FE3AFAD5FDDEFA2B" box="[423,532,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. p e t e r s i</emphasis>
|
||
), and show very marked sexual dichromatism, with males exhibiting a very conspicuous light vertebral stripe (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FDB2FA30FD6CFA0C" box="[559,678,1421,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FDB2FA30FD6CFA0C" box="[559,678,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. vittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FD7DFA30FC9AFA0C" box="[736,848,1421,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FD7DFA30FC9AFA0C" box="[736,848,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or a yellow to orange head with a blue blotch on the cheeks (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA63579FEBEFA0EFE00FA66" box="[291,458,1459,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FEBEFA0EFE00FA66" box="[291,458,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. albogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37DD2CFFFA63576FF58FA6AFB8DFBD6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA63579FF58FA6AFD26F906" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA63579FF58FA6AFE3AFA5B" bold="true" box="[197,496,1495,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA63579FEE0FA6AFE21FA5B" box="[381,491,1495,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA63579FD33FA65FD38FA58" box="[686,754,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,197,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1402,197,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199154/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), with SVL of 40.0 mm. Head 1.1 times longer than wide (HL:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FF44FA40FE82F9BD" box="[217,328,1533,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="10.1">10.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HW: 9.0 mm). Snout
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FDC7FA40FD7FF9BD" box="[602,693,1533,1559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile, gently sloping toward top of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA63579FE75F99FFDF1F996" box="[488,571,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,784,808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,762]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,763]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of dorsal (a), lateral (b), and ventral (c) views of the head of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116). Scale bar represents 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199155/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b). Neck slightly narrower than head and body. Body wider than high, nearly cylindrical; axilla-groin distance
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FDF6F9F5FD1DF9C8" box="[619,727,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="17.4">17.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Limbs and digits well developed; fourth toe length
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FAA7F9F5FA5DF9C8" box="[1338,1431,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 0.66 times shank length (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FE54F9D0FDE4F92D" box="[457,558,1645,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Tail complete (with distal quarter regenerated), round in cross section, tapering toward tip, 1.2 times SVL (TL:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA63579FDEEF92FFD2AF906" box="[627,736,1682,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.89" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="48.9">48.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA63579FF58F905FB29F95D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tongue relatively wide, slightly narrowing anteriorly, tip rounded with a short median cleft, covered by scalelike papillae, which become smaller posteriorly. Teeth small, conical, subequal in length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA63578FF58F8BFFD18FE1D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Rostral large, subpentagonal, visible from above, with a median cleft extending forward from posterior margin to near midpoint of the scale. Postrostrals three, lateral ones (supranasals) distinctly larger than medial, situated above the nasals, and medially in contact by projections of their medial anterior margins; medial postrostral similar in size to adjacent posterior scales on snout, separate from posterior margin of rostral by lateral postrostrals. Nostril bordered by rostral, lateral postrostral and three postnasals; not in contact with first supralabial. Postnasals much larger than adjacent loreals. Scales on snout and loreal region nearly round to nearly conical, juxtaposed. Loreal scales about 8 (both sides) in a straight line between postnasals and anterior margin of orbit. Scales decrease slightly in size from postrostrals to posterior part of head. Scales on supraorbital region similar (in size and shape) to, and continuous with those on top of head. Supraciliary flap without an elongate supraciliary spine, but two (both sides) conical supraciliary scales, somewhat larger and projecting posterolaterally on anterior half of row. Pupil round. Supralabials 4/5 (left/right), first largest, second through third or fourth roughly subequal, fourth scale below center of eye in right side, and the third on left side. Scales on temporal region similar to those on posterior upper part of head. Ear opening (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA73578FAAAFEC5FA5EFE38" box="[1335,1428,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) much smaller than eye (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA73578FE32FE20FDC4FE1D" box="[431,526,413,439]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
), vertically oval.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA73578FF58FE7FFCA6FDD8" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Mental large, with round anterior margin following lower lip, posterior margin roughly round. Postmentals two, distinctly larger than adjacent posterior scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA73578FC0CFE55FC13FDA8" box="[913,985,488,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,784,808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,762]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,763]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of dorsal (a), lateral (b), and ventral (c) views of the head of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116). Scale bar represents 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199155/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Scales on chin small and polygonal located directly behind postmentals, granular and tiny posteriorly; a few series of larger, polygonal, juxtaposed scales adjacent to infralabials. Infralabials five (both sides), decreasing in size posteriorly, first two very large and projecting onto chin, third below center of eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA73578FF58FDC0FED9FD48" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scales on nape and on sides of neck granular, continuous with those on head and body. Scales on throat smooth, imbricate, with round posterior margin, with short transitional area of granular scales on chin and gular area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA73578FF58FD50FDE3FC36" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Dorsals granular, on vertebral area similar in size to scales on snout and top of head; slightly larger dorsolaterally and on flanks. Several clusters of enlarged conical to spiniform scales on flanks of the neck and trunk, coinciding with small light spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA73578FDE3FC85FD0CFCF8" box="[638,710,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,259,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,891,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[205,1384,891,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype MHNLS 19116), showing clusters of enlarged, conical to spinelike scales on the flanks of neck and trunk. White arrows indicate the clusters of scales magnified in upper right and lower left frames." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); 4/3 clusters on neck composed of 1 to 6 scales, and 6/7 on flanks of the trunk composed of 6 to 17 scales. Transition between scales on flanks and ventrals somewhat abrupt but not clearly demarcated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA73578FF58FC15FEA8FB6D" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Ventral region with scales distinctly larger than dorsals, slightly smaller on chest than on belly, smooth, nearly hexagonal, with round posterior margin, imbricate, in oblique rows, also forming rather regular longitudinal rows on belly; with 42 scales along the midventral line between anterior margin of forelimbs and vent. Scales around midbody about 104, of which 16 are ventrals. Preanal scales at margin of vent much smaller than ventrals on belly. Escutcheon area present on posterior abdomen and on undersurface of thighs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA73578FF3DFBDFFF26FBD6" box="[160,236,1122,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1412,194,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116): a. Ventral view showing escutcheon areas on posterior part of belly and undersurface of thighs; b. Detail of subcaudal scale pattern; c. Ventral view of left hand (scale bar represent 1 mm); d. Ventral view of left foot (scale bar represents 2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199157/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a), composed of a cluster of 62 escutcheon scales on posterior portion of belly and preanal plate between thighs; clusters of 30/31 (right/left) escutcheon scales arranged in four transverse rows on ventral surface of thighs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA73578FF58FB6FFCE8FA58" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Scales on dorsum of tail becoming flat, smooth, rounded and imbricate (rather than conical), posterior to level of vent. Scales on underside of tail smooth, flat, imbricate, increasing in size toward midventral line; first five small subcaudals posterior to vent on midventral row increasing in size posteriorly but not clearly differentiated from adjacent laterals, followed by a midventral row of tranversely enlarged scales. First enlarged subcaudals arranged in two series of one single median scale in contact posterolaterally with one smaller scale, followed by a divided median scale in contact posterolaterally with two smaller scales (1’2”), and continuing posteriorly with a sequence of single median scales in contact posterolaterally with one or two smaller scales in an alternating fashion (1’1”) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA73578FD21FA65FCCEFA58" box="[700,772,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1412,194,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116): a. Ventral view showing escutcheon areas on posterior part of belly and undersurface of thighs; b. Detail of subcaudal scale pattern; c. Ventral view of left hand (scale bar represent 1 mm); d. Ventral view of left foot (scale bar represents 2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199157/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA73578FF58FA40FD7BF95D" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Scales on limbs smooth, flat, roundish, imbricate on anterior and ventral surfaces; granular and juxtaposed on dorsal and posterior surfaces. Lamellae under first (I) through fifth (V) finger (infraproximals in parentheses): I: 10/10(3/3), II: 12/12(4/4), III: 14/14(4/4), IV: 14/14(4/4), and V: 13/13(4/4), respectively. Lamellae under first through fifth toe (infraproximals in parentheses): I: 10/10(3/3), II: 12/12(4/4), III: 16/ 16(5/5), IV: 18/18(7/7), and V: 16/17(5/5), respectively. Infraproximal scales on fingers and toes enlarged and swollen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA73578FE9EF905FE9CF978" box="[259,342,1720,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1412,194,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116): a. Ventral view showing escutcheon areas on posterior part of belly and undersurface of thighs; b. Detail of subcaudal scale pattern; c. Ventral view of left hand (scale bar represent 1 mm); d. Ventral view of left foot (scale bar represents 2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199157/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
c–d). Fingers and toes with two lateral rows of scales distally. Claws exposed, non-retractile, between two basal scales (dorsal and ventral).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA73577FF58F8BFFD9CFE38" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA73578FF58F8BFFEABF8B6" bold="true" box="[197,353,1794,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA73578FEEDF8BFFE79F8B6" box="[368,435,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,197,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1402,197,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199154/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) The dorsal surface of the head (snout, eyelids, interorbital and temporal areas, top of the head and nape) greenish gray, irregularly speckled with blackish brown. The loreal region has a blackish brown loreal stripe extending from the nostril to the anterior margin of eye. Two blackish chestnut postocular stripes, extend posteriorly from the orbital margin and expand posteriorly; the upper one is sinuous and extend to the neck, with the end pointing medially and near the end of the opposite stripe; the lower stripe extends towards the neck and blends with the background color of the shoulder. Rostral, supralabial, mental and infralabial scales have blackish brown vertical stripes alternating with narrow yellowish lines. A dirty beige vertebral stripe extends from the neck (continuing with the greenish gray dorsal area of the head) to near tail tip. This vertebral stripe is wide, irregularly and finely margined by blackish brown, with nine transversal dilatations between neck and pelvis, and three others on the tail. The flanks are blackish chestnut with several pale yellow flecks laterally aligned or in contact with the transversal dilatations of the vertebral stripe; these pale yellow flecks correspond with clusters of enlarged, conical to spiniform scales. The limbs are dirty gray, with wide blackish brown crossbands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA83577FF58FE20FAD5FDE6" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">The ventral surfaces are ocher yellow, finely speckled with pale brown on chin, throat and lateral borders of chest and belly; with a faint pale brown longitudinal stripe at each side of the throat. The undersurface of limbs are dirty yellow, the palms and soles are dirty gray; the escutcheon scales on the belly and thighs are pale yellow, most with the distal border finely delineated with pale brown. The tail is blackish chestnut laterally and dirty yellow to pale yellow ventrally. The dorsal scales of tail have a pink iridescence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA83577FF58FDE5FDB2FD3D" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">The iris is brownish orange, with a thin golden ring around the pupil. The tongue is white with pale gray dots anterolaterally. The claws are white.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA83577FF58FD1FFA45FCDD" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA83577FF58FD1FFD78FD16" bold="true" box="[197,690,674,700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Color in preservative (after one year).</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsum of the head, vertebral stripe and the background pattern of limbs are pale gray; the blackish brown and blackish chestnut colors of the loreal, postoculars, labial, and limbs stripes, flanks and tail have become pale brown; the pale yellow flecks that correspond with the clusters of enlarged scales have turned white; the palms and soles are pale gray; the chin, throat, chest, belly, and undersurface of the limbs are dirty white finely speckled with pale brown; in the escutcheon scales (belly and thighs) the white color is more intense and the finely delineate brown distal border is still distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA83577FF58FC3FFE5BF92D" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA83577FF58FC3FFE29FC36" bold="true" box="[197,483,898,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Variation in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA83577FEFDFC3FFE14FC36" box="[352,478,898,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The three adult males range in SVL from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA83577FC53FC3FFB56FC36" box="[974,1180,898,924]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.022499999999999" metricValueMax="4.14" metricValueMin="3.905" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="40.224999999999994" valueMax="41.4" valueMin="39.05">39.05 to 41.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(40.31 ± 1.0), and the two adult females range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA83577FD94FC15FD38FC68" box="[521,754,936,962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.255" metricValueMax="4.445" metricValueMin="4.0649999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="42.55" valueMax="44.45" valueMin="40.65">40.65 to 44.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(42.55 ± 2.7). Supralabial counts vary from 4 to 6, and infralabial counts from 5 to 6. Loreal scales counted in straight line between postnasals and anterior border of orbit range from 7 to 9. Male MHNLS 19110 and females MHNLS 19107 and 19111, have three postrostrals in contact with rostral, whereas males MHNLS 19101 and 19109 have only two (supranasals) in contact with rostral, as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA83577FEF5FB80FE12FBFD" box="[360,472,1085,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Postmental scales range from two (MHNLS 19107, 19109) to four (MHNLS 19101). Flanks of neck and trunk with 10 to 24 (on each side), clusters of 1 to 17 enlarged, conical to spinelike scales, present in males and females but more conspicuous on males. Scales around the midbody range from 100 to 106, of which 14 to16 are ventrals. Ventral scales 43 to 45 along trunk. Escutcheon area on belly composed of 68 and 70 scales on males MHNLS 19109 and 19110 respectively, only 29 and less conspicuous in male MHNLS 19101, absent in females. Escutcheon scales on undersurface of thighs 18 to 30, only present in males. Subcaudal scale pattern composed of 1 (MHNLS 19110) to 4 (MHNLS 19107, MHNLS 19111) 1’2” series occupying shorter basal portion of tail, followed by numerous 1’1” series extending to rest of tail. In MHNLS 19101 and MHNLS 19111, the 1’1” series not present as tail is regenerated. Regenerated portion of tail with subcaudal pattern that differs significantly from original tail; midventral scales form single row of wide, but very short plates (longest side transverse to longitudinal axis of tail), each extending laterally to ventrolateral surface of tail, and in contact laterally with small scales that look just like those on original tail. Variation in number of lamellae under first through fifth fingers: I: 9–10(2–3), II: 11–13(3–4), III: 13–15(4), IV: 14–16(4–5), and V: 13–14(4–5). Variation in number of lamellae under first through fifth toe: I: 10(2–3), II: 12–13(4), III: 15–17(4–5), IV: 18–19(7), and V: 16–18(5). Morphometric variation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA83577FB64F9F5FAE4F9C8" box="[1273,1326,1608,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series is presented on Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA83576FF58F92FFDCAFE88" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA83577FE5EF92FFDF9F906" box="[451,563,1682,1708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(based on photos in life) is like the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA83577FC45F92FFBF5F906" box="[984,1087,1682,1708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with only minor variations in dorsal color pattern and the ventral color of the tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA83577FCB9F905FCB3F978" box="[804,889,1720,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[303,1291,194,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[303,1292,194,1872]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Variation on dorsal (a) and ventral (b) color pattern of the type series of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.; a: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19109 and 19110; b: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19110 and 19109. Note the absence of sexual dichromatism in both views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199158/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b). The dorsal surface of the head is more greenish and profusely speckled with blackish brown in the male MHNLS 19109. The specimens MHNLS 19107 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA83577FF6FF8BFFEFDF8B6" box="[242,311,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,197,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1402,197,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
b), 19110 and 19111, have small white spots on the light background area, between the upper and lower postocular stripes (these spots correspond with clusters of enlarged conical to spinelike scales). The vertebral stripe is wider on the female MHNLS 19111 and male MHNLS 19110; much more irregularly bordered in the last one. In the regenerated portion of the tail (MHNLS 19109, 19111) the vertebral stripe is lost, and instead there is a dorsal pattern of irregular dark spots on a pale beige background. The blackish brown border of the vertebral stripe is wider and more conspicuous in MHNLS 19111 and 19109. The female MHNLS 19107 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA93576FEFCFF25FE7BFF18" box="[353,433,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,197,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1402,197,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199154/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
b, 5a) has a lighter background color, the cephalic spot, loreal, labial and postocular stripes, border of the dorsal stripe, and the lateral spots of the flanks are light brown to brownish orange. In all
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA93576FF0AFF5FFEC3FF56" box="[151,265,226,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
the background color of the flanks of the trunk and neck is lighter (showing individual variation) and speckled with dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA93576FF0AFEF1FEA8FE2E" blockId="9.[151,1436,331,439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FF0AFEF1FEC6FECE" bold="true" box="[151,268,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric variation in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA93576FDFBFEF0FD5FFECE" box="[614,661,333,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FC9CFEF0FC3BFECE" box="[769,1009,333,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FC9CFEF0FC3BFECE" box="[769,1009,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FC65FEF1FBAEFECE" bold="true" box="[1016,1124,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFA93576FC65FEF1FB9AFECE" box="[1016,1104,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA93576FBE9FEF0FB1DFECE" box="[1140,1239,333,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.‾
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FB75FEF0FA89FECE" bold="true" box="[1256,1347,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FB75FEF0FB30FECF" bold="true" box="[1256,1274,333,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">X</emphasis>
|
||
± SD:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
mean ± standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA93576FF03FE1DFB8DFBD6" blockId="9.[151,1436,331,439]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,936,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Specimen number Sex SVL TL HL HW EYN AXG Ventrally, from chin to vent the color pattern is almost uniform, varying from yellow (MHNLS 19107, 19110–19111) to ocher yellow (MHNLS 19109), between individuals, but not related with the sex. The specimens MHNLS 19107, 19110, and 19111, show several faint pale brown diagonal stripes on throat, whereas the specimen MHNLS 19109 has only small dark brown spots instead of stripes. The ventral color of the tail is quite variable: yellow finely speckled of pale brown in MHNLS 19109, skin color in MHNLS 19110, grayish beige in MHNLS 19111, and orange in MHNLS 19107 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA93576FC7FFBDFFBEDFBD6" box="[994,1063,1122,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[303,1291,194,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[303,1292,194,1872]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Variation on dorsal (a) and ventral (b) color pattern of the type series of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.; a: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19109 and 19110; b: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19110 and 19109. Note the absence of sexual dichromatism in both views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199158/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA93576FF03FE48FAB7FCCB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<table id="F96773E4FFA9CA80FF03FE48FAB7FCC8" box="[158,1405,501,866]" gridcols="8" gridrows="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FE48FAB7FDA6" box="[158,1405,501,524]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FE48FE98FDA6" box="[158,338,501,524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MHNLS 19101</th>
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FE48FE7AFDA6" box="[408,432,501,524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M</th>
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFE48FD91FDA6" box="[482,603,501,524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">39.05</th>
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFE48FD36FDA6" box="[643,764,501,524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-</th>
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFE48FC45FDA6" box="[803,911,501,524]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.5</th>
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFE48FBE8FDA6" box="[963,1058,501,524]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.4</th>
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FE48FB09FDA6" box="[1124,1219,501,524]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.1</th>
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FE48FAB7FDA6" box="[1284,1405,501,524]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FD9DFAB7FD9D" box="[158,1405,544,567]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FD9DFE98FD9D" box="[158,338,544,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MHNLS 19109</th>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FD9DFE7AFD9D" box="[408,432,544,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFD9DFD91FD9D" box="[482,603,544,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">41.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFD9DFD36FD9D" box="[643,764,544,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFD9DFC45FD9D" box="[803,911,544,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFD9DFBE8FD9D" box="[963,1058,544,567]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FD9DFB09FD9D" box="[1124,1219,544,567]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FD9DFAB7FD9D" box="[1284,1405,544,567]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FDF7FAB7FDCB" box="[158,1405,586,609]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FDF7FE98FDCB" box="[158,338,586,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MHNLS 19110</th>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FDF7FE7AFDCB" box="[408,432,586,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFDF7FD91FDCB" box="[482,603,586,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">40.75</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFDF7FD36FDCB" box="[643,764,586,609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFDF7FC45FDCB" box="[803,911,586,609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFDF7FBE8FDCB" box="[963,1058,586,609]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FDF7FB09FDCB" box="[1124,1219,586,609]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FDF7FAB7FDCB" box="[1284,1405,586,609]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18.05</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FDC8FAB7FD26" box="[158,1405,629,652]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FDC8FE98FD26" box="[158,338,629,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MHNLS 19116*</th>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FDC8FE7AFD26" box="[408,432,629,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFDC8FD91FD26" box="[482,603,629,652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">40.04</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFDC8FD36FD26" box="[643,764,629,652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">48.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFDC8FC45FD26" box="[803,911,629,652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFDC8FBE8FD26" box="[963,1058,629,652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FDC8FB09FD26" box="[1124,1219,629,652]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FDC8FAB7FD26" box="[1284,1405,629,652]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FD23FAB7FD12" box="[158,1405,670,696]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FD23FE98FD12" box="[158,338,670,696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FF31FD1DFF30FD1D" bold="true" box="[172,250,671,696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FF31FD1DFF74FD12" bold="true" box="[172,190,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">X</emphasis>
|
||
± SD
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FD23FE7AFD12" box="[408,432,670,696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFD23FD91FD12" box="[482,603,670,696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">40.31 ± 1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFD23FD36FD12" box="[643,764,670,696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFD23FC45FD12" box="[803,911,670,696]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.64 ± 0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFD23FBE8FD12" box="[963,1058,670,696]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.1 ± 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FD23FB09FD12" box="[1124,1219,670,696]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.4 ± 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FD23FAB7FD12" box="[1284,1405,670,696]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16.64 ± 1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FD48FAB7FCA6" box="[158,1405,757,780]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FD48FE98FCA6" box="[158,338,757,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MHNLS 19107</th>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FD48FE7AFCA6" box="[408,432,757,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFD48FD91FCA6" box="[482,603,757,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">40.65</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFD48FD36FCA6" box="[643,764,757,780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">46.45</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFD48FC45FCA6" box="[803,911,757,780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFD48FBE8FCA6" box="[963,1058,757,780]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FD48FB09FCA6" box="[1124,1219,757,780]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FD48FAB7FCA6" box="[1284,1405,757,780]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FC9DFAB7FC9D" box="[158,1405,800,823]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FC9DFE98FC9D" box="[158,338,800,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MHNLS 19111</th>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FC9DFE7AFC9D" box="[408,432,800,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFC9DFD91FC9D" box="[482,603,800,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">44.45</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFC9DFD36FC9D" box="[643,764,800,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">41</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFC9DFC45FC9D" box="[803,911,800,823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFC9DFBE8FC9D" box="[963,1058,800,823]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FC9DFB09FC9D" box="[1124,1219,800,823]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FC9DFAB7FC9D" box="[1284,1405,800,823]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18.65</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35578306FFA9CA80FF03FCF5FAB7FCC8" box="[158,1405,840,866]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FF03FCF5FE98FCC8" box="[158,338,840,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FF31FCF7FF30FCC8" bold="true" box="[172,250,842,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FF31FCF7FF74FCC8" bold="true" box="[172,190,842,866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">X</emphasis>
|
||
± SD
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE05FCF5FE7AFCC8" box="[408,432,840,866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FE7FFCF5FD91FCC8" box="[482,603,840,866]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">42.55 ± 2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FD1EFCF5FD36FCC8" box="[643,764,840,866]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">43.73 ± 3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FCBEFCF5FC45FCC8" box="[803,911,840,866]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.75 ± 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FC5EFCF5FBE8FCC8" box="[963,1058,840,866]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.4 ± 0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FBF9FCF5FB09FCC8" box="[1124,1219,840,866]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.5 ± 0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7686EA7AFFA9CA80FA99FCF5FAB7FCC8" box="[1284,1405,840,866]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18.08 ± 0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37DD2CFFFA93573FF58FB3AFDD9FD3D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA93576FF58FB3AFB2FFA28" blockId="9.[151,1437,936,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FF58FB3AFD0EFB0B" bold="true" box="[197,708,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution, habitat and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFA93576FC50FB35FC35FB08" box="[973,1023,1160,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the valley of Manastara, around the homonymous Yukpa indigenous community, in the Río Negro basin, eastern versant of the Sierra de Perijá, northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370C1D4FFA93576FE2EFB6FFDFAFB46" box="[435,560,1234,1260]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA93576FDC7FB6FFD79FB46" box="[602,691,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1130.0">1130 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA93576FD59FB6FFCC4FB46" box="[708,782,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1402,1426]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1380]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1381]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Map of NW Venezuela showing major physiographic elements: Maracaibo Lake, and Sierra de Perijá to the west. Type locality of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. is shown by a white circle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199159/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The vegetation of this altitudinal belt is described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA93576FF0AFB45FE75FAB8" author="Huber" box="[151,447,1272,1298]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Huber, O. & Alarcon, C. (1988) Mapa de vegetacion de Venezuela. 1: 2.000.000." type="book chapter" year="1988">Huber & Alarcón (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as ombrofilous submontane/montane evergreen forest; it extends between 800 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFA93576FF0AFAA0FF38FA9D" box="[151,242,1309,1335]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
asl, forming dense communities with medium to high canopy. The region has a biseasonal climatic regime, with a dry period in December–April, and a rainy period in May–November, with maximum rain peaks on May and October, and minimum on January and July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA93576FC19FAD5FB13FA28" author="Masciangioli" box="[900,1241,1384,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Masciangioli, P. & Febres, G. (2000) Climatologia de la cuenca de Maracaibo. In: Rodriguez, G. (Ed.), El sistema de Maracaibo, Biologia y Ambiente. Second edition. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, pp. 21 - 32." type="book chapter" year="2000">Masciangioli & Febres 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA93576FF58FA30FAACF906" blockId="9.[151,1437,936,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The Río Negro basin and particularly the valley of Manastara, although included in a protected area (Parque Nacional Sierra de Perijá), show a marked loss of the original forest, which have been replaced by grass savannas, coffee plantations (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FDA3FA65FD38FA5B" box="[574,754,1496,1521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FDA3FA65FD38FA5B" box="[574,754,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FCB9FA65FC6FFA58" box="[804,933,1496,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FC24FA65FBEBFA5B" box="[953,1057,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">malanga</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FBAEFA65FAACFA5B" box="[1075,1382,1496,1521]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FBAEFA65FAACFA5B" box="[1075,1382,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xanthosoma sagittifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Schot,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FF76FA40FE99F9BD" box="[235,339,1533,1559]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
], and pastures for cattle. Currently the hills surrounding the valley of Manastara are almost entirely savannized, and relicts of primary forest persist only in the stepper slopes and along small streams of the valley (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFA93576FE85F9F5FEBDF9C8" box="[280,375,1608,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1894]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. a: General view of the Manastara valley in the Sierra de Perijá, estado Zulia, Venezuela, area where Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. inhabits; b – c: views of the Manastara community and the microhabitat where five specimens of the type series were collected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 7a</figureCitation>
|
||
–b). The gallery forest along the Río Negro river is basically secondary and associated with shade coffee plantations. Goats have been recently introduced in the area and roam freely in the valley of Manastara and in other nearby communities, creating an additional impact on the vegetation of the basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFA93576FF58F905FCCDF826" blockId="9.[151,1437,936,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The first specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FE55F905FD01F97B" box="[456,715,1720,1745]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FE55F905FD01F97B" box="[456,715,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found during the survey (MHNLS 19101) was seen active at nigth (± 20 h), on the wooden post of a fence, near the indigenous community. Nocturnal activity is uncommon in these diurnal geckoes (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FD4DF8BEFCA7F8B6" box="[720,877,1795,1820]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FD4DF8BEFCA7F8B6" box="[720,877,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only nocturnal species); however Rivero-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFA93576FF0AF895FE89F8E8" author="Blanco" box="[151,323,1832,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1979) The Neotropical lizard genus Gonatodes Fitzinger (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae). PhD Dissertation, Departament of Wildlife Fisheries Sciencies, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 233 pp." type="book" year="1979">Blanco (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented upon specimens of a synanthropic population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FBB5F895FB1EF8EB" box="[1064,1236,1832,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FBB5F895FBF0F8EB" box="[1064,1082,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FBD7F895FB1EF8EB" box="[1098,1236,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">albogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seen foraging at nigth near artificial light. Our specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFA93576FD07F8F0FCF2F8CC" box="[666,824,1869,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFA93576FD07F8F0FCF2F8CC" box="[666,824,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not near artificial light, which suggests it may have been resting and was disturbed by our presence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF18D1CCFFAA3575FF0AFAC7FC24FA1B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199159/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1380]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAA3575FF0AFAC7FC24FA1B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1402,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FF0AFAC7FED0FA38" bold="true" box="[151,282,1402,1426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of NW Venezuela showing major physiographic elements: Maracaibo Lake, and Sierra de Perijá to the west. Type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FE19FA27FDA5FA1B" box="[388,623,1434,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FE19FA27FDA5FA1B" box="[388,623,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FDE8FA27FD01FA18" bold="true" box="[629,715,1434,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFAA3575FDE8FA27FD01FA18" box="[629,715,1434,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is shown by a white circle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAA3575FF58FA5DFCC3F8C5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1504,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The specimen MHNLS 19107 was found on the bark of a large tree basking head up,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFAA3575FB25FA5DFB31FA50" box="[1208,1275,1504,1530]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground at 11 h, in a secondary gallery forest associated to a shade coffee plantation. This was the only specimen observed in a forested habitat; no other specimens were seen on trees or rocks of the secondary forest or at any nearby patch of primary forest. Nevertheless this species was frequently observed on trees, wooden fences, and other human structures in the community of Manastara, which reveal that this gecko is adaptable to changes in its habitat and can take advantage of the synanthropic environments. At least seven other species [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FF3CF97DFE84F973" box="[161,334,1728,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FF3CF97DFE84F973" box="[161,334,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. albogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FEC3F97DFE3EF973" box="[350,500,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. h u m e r a l i s</emphasis>
|
||
(Guichenot),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FD3FF97DFCDCF973" box="[674,790,1728,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FD3FF97DFCDCF973" box="[674,790,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FCBAF97DFBA4F970" authority="Esqueda" authorityName="Esqueda" box="[807,1134,1728,1754]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purpurogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FCBAF97DFBCAF973" box="[807,1024,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. purpurogularis</emphasis>
|
||
Esqueda
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FB3FF97DFAC3F973" box="[1186,1289,1728,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ligiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FB3FF97DFAC3F973" box="[1186,1289,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. ligiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FABEF97DFE94F955" authority="Donoso-Barros" authorityName="Donoso-Barros" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siegliei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FABEF97DFA57F973" box="[1315,1437,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. siegliei</emphasis>
|
||
Donoso-Barros
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FEF6F958FDE4F955" authority="Roze" authorityName="Roze" box="[363,558,1765,1791]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FEF6F958FE2AF954" box="[363,480,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. taniae</emphasis>
|
||
Roze
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAA3575FDE9F958FD32F954" box="[628,760,1765,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAA3575FDE9F958FD32F954" box="[628,760,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. vittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] have also been previously referred in synanthropic enviroments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFAA3575FEA7F8B7FE79F88E" author="Oda" box="[314,435,1802,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Oda, W. Y. (2004) Comunal egg laying by G. humeralis (Sauria, Gekkonidae) in Manaus primary and secondary forest areas. Acta Amazonica, 34, 331 - 332." type="journal article" year="2004">Oda 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFAA3575FE5CF8B7FD7CF88E" author="Rivero-Blanco" box="[449,694,1802,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1968) Un genero y dos especies de tuqueques (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae) citados por primera vez para Venezuela, con notas sobre la distribucion de otras especies poco conocidas. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 77, 103 - 119." type="journal article" year="1968">Rivero-Blanco 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFAA3575FD5EF8B7FCCBF88E" author="Rivero-Blanco" box="[707,769,1802,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1979) The Neotropical lizard genus Gonatodes Fitzinger (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae). PhD Dissertation, Departament of Wildlife Fisheries Sciencies, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 233 pp." type="book" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFAA3575FC93F8B7FBA3F88E" author="Rojas-Runjaic" box="[782,1129,1802,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M. & Rivas F., G. A. (2006) Notes on the natural history and geographic distribution of Gonatodes petersi Donoso-Barros, 1967 (Sauria; Gekkonidae): an endemic and poorly known gecko of the sierra de Perija, Venezuela. Gekko, 5, 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="2006">Rojas-Runjaic & Rivas 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFAA3575FBEBF8B7FF1CF8E0" author="Rojas-Runjaic" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M. & Infante R., E. E. (2009) Redescripcion de Gonatodes petersi Donoso-Barros, 1967 (Squamata: Gekkonidae), un tuqueque endemico de la vertiente venezolana de la sierra de Perija. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, 170, 81 - 98." type="journal article" year="2009">Rojas-Runjaic & Infante 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Barrio-Amorós & Molina 2010), sometimes even showing populational densities greater than those found in natural environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6FCB5FFAA3575FD95F8E8FD37F8C5" author="Rivero-Blanco" box="[520,765,1877,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1979) The Neotropical lizard genus Gonatodes Fitzinger (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae). PhD Dissertation, Departament of Wildlife Fisheries Sciencies, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 233 pp." type="book" year="1979">Rivero-Blanco 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAA3575FF58F8C7FA56F875" blockId="10.[151,1437,1504,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The six other specimens collected (MHNLS 19108–19111, 19116–19117) were found between 11 and 13 h, basking and foraging on tree bark, or hidden in crevices and cavities of a large tree located in an open area between the houses of the community (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C9DC1FFAA3575FDEBF878FD0DF875" box="[630,711,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1894]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. a: General view of the Manastara valley in the Sierra de Perijá, estado Zulia, Venezuela, area where Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. inhabits; b – c: views of the Manastara community and the microhabitat where five specimens of the type series were collected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199160/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
b–c). Some specimens were located up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFAA3575FB55F878FB3FF875" box="[1224,1269,1989,2015]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF18D1CCFFAB3574FF0AF8C1FDA1F879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199160/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1893]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAB3574FF0AF8C1FDA1F879" blockId="11.[151,1437,1916,2003]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAB3574FF0AF8C1FEEAF83E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1916,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
a: General view of the Manastara valley in the Sierra de Perijá, estado Zulia, Venezuela, area where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAB3574FF0AF821FE45F819" box="[151,399,1948,1971]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAB3574FF0AF821FE45F819" box="[151,399,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAB3574FE0AF821FE38F81E" bold="true" box="[407,498,1948,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220E02DFFAB3574FE0AF821FE38F81E" box="[407,498,1948,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inhabits; b–c: views of the Manastara community and the microhabitat where five specimens of the type series were collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAC3573FF0AFF25FE1EFEED" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The same tree harbored a big colony of carpenter ants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FCA5FF25FC05FF1B" box="[824,975,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FCA5FF25FC05FF1B" box="[824,975,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FB97FF25FB52FF18" box="[1034,1176,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a stingless bees colony (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FF64FF00FEA0FF7C" box="[249,362,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FF64FF00FEA0FF7C" box="[249,362,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Melipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FE39FF00FDE6FF7D" box="[420,556,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Meliponini">Meliponini</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but no antagonistic interactions were observed between the geckoes and the stingless bees or the ants. It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FC9BFF5FFBEAFF51" box="[774,1056,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FC9BFF5FFBEAFF51" box="[774,1056,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has established a commensal relationship with these colonial insects, taking advantage of the protection that they offer to their colonies against potential predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAC3573FF58FEEFFD08FDA8" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FFD9A784FFAC3573FF6FFEEFFE7FFEC6" box="[242,437,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2009-03-20">March 20, 2009</date>
|
||
, an egg (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFAC3573FDBCFEEFFDB5FEC6" box="[545,639,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
of diameter) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FCD9FEEFFB87FEC1" box="[836,1101,338,363]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FCD9FEEFFB87FEC1" box="[836,1101,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gonatodes lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in a crevice of a rotten tree in a gallery forest at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFAC3573FDB2FEC5FDA8FE38" box="[559,610,376,402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. The egg was located at about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFAC3573FBBAFEC5FBA3FE38" box="[1063,1129,376,402]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.2">1.2 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground, nearby was a large colony of carpenter ants
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FD85FE20FD64FE1C" box="[536,686,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FD85FE20FD64FE1C" box="[536,686,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., and a skin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FC16FE20FBE6FE1C" box="[907,1068,413,438]" class="Reptilia" family="Amphisbaenidae" genus="Amphisbaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FC16FE20FBE6FE1C" box="[907,1068,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Amphisbaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. The egg was collected and maintained in a Petri dish with lightly damp cotton. On
|
||
<date id="FFD9A784FFAC3573FCAFFE7FFC2BFE76" box="[818,993,450,476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2009-04-24">April 24, 2009</date>
|
||
(after 35 days), a neonate measuring SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFAC3573FF68FE55FEABFDA8" box="[245,353,488,514]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="17.7">17.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and TL of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F2CA1FFAC3573FE74FE55FD9EFDA8" box="[489,596,488,514]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="17.4">17.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hatched.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAC3573FF58FDB0FDD9FD3D" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
None of the three other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FDF2FDB0FD38FD8C" box="[623,754,525,550]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FDF2FDB0FD38FD8C" box="[623,754,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from Perijá (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FB94FDB0FB72FD8C" box="[1033,1208,525,550]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FB94FDB0FB72FD8C" box="[1033,1208,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. albogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FB55FDB0FA8CFD8C" box="[1224,1350,525,550]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FB55FDB0FA8CFD8C" box="[1224,1350,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. vittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FA1EFDB0FF2DFDE1" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FA1EFDB0FF2DFDE1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were found in the valley of Manastara; however
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FCB3FD8FFC57FDE1" box="[814,925,562,587]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FCB3FD8FFC57FDE1" box="[814,925,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from localities at similar altitudes and near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC3FE6FFAC3573FE3CFDE5FE1EFDD8" box="[417,468,600,626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FDFDFDE5FD35FDDB" box="[608,767,600,625]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FDFDFDE5FD35FDDB" box="[608,767,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus it is likely that these two species are sympatric in some parts of their distributions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37DD2CFFFAC3573FF58FD1FFAE8FCF8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD88144FFAC3573FF58FD1FFAE8FCF8" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FF58FD1FFE99FD16" bold="true" box="[197,339,674,700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67FAC7FFAC3573FDCDFD1FFD07FD11" box="[592,717,674,699]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FDCDFD1FFD07FD11" box="[592,717,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">lichenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Latin adjective (masculine) derived from
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FB64FD1FFA88FD11" box="[1273,1346,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">lichen</emphasis>
|
||
- (Latin name for composite organisms made up from symbiotic association of a fungus with a photosynthetic partner algae or cyanobacteria) + -
|
||
<emphasis id="B9135D56FFAC3573FE4DFD50FDCEFCAC" box="[464,516,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">osus</emphasis>
|
||
(an adjectival suffix meaning “full of”). The name was given in allusion to the aspect of the dorsal color pattern (particularly on the head) of this species that resembles the complex color designs of lichens covering the bark of trees and rock surfaces in environments with high humidity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |