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<document id="FC32B0A29406E181EF62683F5E2021FF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5588.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14896438" ID-ZooBank="78E9E172-3481-4CBE-A5C6-09D0C7454728" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1740003629620" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavesque, Nicolas, Pinsivy, Lucas, Daffe, Guillemine, Daramy, Flore, Grosse, Maël, Chauvaud, Laurent &amp; Hutchings, Pat" docDate="2025" docId="03A187E0FFC4FFCFFF2384C6FFB4F82E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5588.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5588 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amphitrite figulus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="259" masterDocId="FF98FF98FFC2FFC6FFB4810CFD24FFF3" masterDocTitle="A new species of the Thelepus cincinnatus complex from Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Archipelago (NW Atlantic) and genetic diversity of Amphitrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) (Annelida, Terebelliformia)" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="250" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1740488603805" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="05EF672BD7FE460FBD2B19ACC17BDED2">A new species of the Thelepus cincinnatus complex from Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Archipelago (NW Atlantic) and genetic diversity of Amphitrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) (Annelida, Terebelliformia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C80EF4CDB773C7803E3F8EAAB3CF964E">Pinsivy, Lucas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1D06D0B2CC8F02C512E47EB8C196B245">UAR 3113, Observatoire Marin, Université de Brest, Plouzané, France &amp; Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS / UBO / IRD / IFREMER, Plouzané, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4FEC4D3238AAA6BBAF192847AFF6D38D">Daffe, Guillemine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2A67CA6313CD388FFFB7107A14900C09">CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux-Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l’Univers, UAR 2567, POREA, Pessac, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9585671BC59673D0BBD6B42BC7F6228C">Daramy, Flore</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B2D5962522B86916A7AFAC8843311BA">Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F49B0E310F88B1D9D9650FC8E116D111">Grosse, Maël</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="26EFCC19D9412FE41A6B0CE229FCAD97">Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="41D3A26B1DEF49B9FF4C6444C51FA965">Chauvaud, Laurent</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8D1D161EC315C4481F31D1B7D338CB99">Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS / UBO / IRD / IFREMER, Plouzané, France</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03A187E0FFC4FFCFFF2384C6FFB4F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14896738" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187E0FFC4FFCFFF2384C6FFB4F82E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187E0FFC4FFCFFF2384C6FFB4F82E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
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<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF2384C6FF16FA17" blockId="6.[151,562,1482,1545]" box="[151,562,1482,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<heading id="D0FF819AFFC4FFC0FF2384C6FF16FA17" bold="true" box="[151,562,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFC4FFC0FF2384C6FF16FA17" ID-CoL="88RKY" authority="(Dalyell, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Dalyell" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[151,562,1482,1509]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Amphitrite" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF2384C6FF16FA17" bold="true" box="[151,562,1482,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF2384C6FC52FA16" bold="true" box="[151,374,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Amphitrite figulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC4FFC0FE3184C6FF0DFA17" author="Dalyell, J. G." box="[389,553,1482,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" refId="ref8285" refString="Dalyell, J. G. (1853) The Powers of the Creator displayed in the Creation: or, observations on life amidst the various forms of the humbler tribes of animated nature with practical comments and illustrations. Vol. 2. John van Voorst, London, 359 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10022" type="book" year="1853">Dalyell, 1853</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF2384E3FC61F9FA" blockId="6.[151,562,1482,1545]" box="[151,325,1519,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC4FFC0FF2384E3FC24F9FA" box="[151,256,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Figures 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC4FFC0FE8384E3FC61F9FA" box="[311,325,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF23873FFEC9F9B8" blockId="6.[151,1176,1587,1734]" box="[151,1005,1587,1611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1811D8FFC4FFC0FF23873FFEC9F9B8" box="[151,1005,1587,1611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA910E7FFC4FFC0FF23873FFF1DF9B8" author="Dalyell, J. G." box="[151,569,1587,1611]" page="197" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFC4FFC0FF23873FFF1DF9B8" ID-CoL="7BQ6F" authority="Dalyell, 1853: 191 - 197" authorityName="Dalyell" authorityPageNumber="191 - 197" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,569,1587,1611]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Terebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF23873FFC64F9B8" box="[151,320,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Terebella figulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC4FFC0FEF3873FFF1DF9B8" author="Dalyell, J. G." box="[327,569,1587,1611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" refId="ref8285" refString="Dalyell, J. G. (1853) The Powers of the Creator displayed in the Creation: or, observations on life amidst the various forms of the humbler tribes of animated nature with practical comments and illustrations. Vol. 2. John van Voorst, London, 359 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10022" type="book" year="1853">Dalyell, 1853: 191–197</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. XXVII, figs 1–2, pl. XXVIII, figs 1–2.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF23875EFFE8F999" blockId="6.[151,1176,1587,1734]" box="[151,716,1618,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1811D8FFC4FFC0FF23875EFFE8F999" box="[151,716,1618,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA910E7FFC4FFC0FF23875EFF71F999" author="Fauvel, P." box="[151,597,1618,1642]" page="249" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" year="1927">
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFC4FFC0FF23875EFF71F999" ID-CoL="66FF4" authority="Fauvel 1927: 248 - 249" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityPageNumber="248 - 249" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,597,1618,1642]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Amphitrite" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="johnstoni">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF23875EFC4CF999" box="[151,360,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Amphitrite johnstoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC4FFC0FEDB875EFF71F999" author="Fauvel, P." box="[367,597,1618,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" refId="ref8484" refString="Fauvel, P. (1927) Polychetes Sedentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannelides, Myzostomaires. Faune de France 16. Lechevalier, Paris, 494 pp." type="book" year="1927">Fauvel 1927: 248–249</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 85a–e.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF23877CF9BCF97B" blockId="6.[151,1176,1587,1734]" box="[151,1176,1648,1673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1811D8FFC4FFC0FF23877CF9BCF97B" box="[151,1176,1648,1673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA910E7FFC4FFC0FF23877CFF45F97A" author="Holthe, T." box="[151,609,1648,1673]" page="101" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" year="1986">
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFC4FFC0FF23877CFF45F97A" ID-CoL="6S6YT" authority="Holthe 1986: 100 - 101" authorityName="Holthe" authorityPageNumber="100 - 101" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,609,1648,1673]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Neoamphitrite" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF23877CFC51F97B" box="[151,373,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Neoamphitrite figulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC4FFC0FECF877CFF45F97A" author="Holthe, T." box="[379,609,1648,1673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref8799" refString="Holthe, T. (1986) Polychaeta, Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 7, 1-194. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004627222" type="journal article" year="1986">Holthe 1986: 100–101</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 42.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AA910E7FFC4FFC0FD7E877CF91CF97B" author="Hartmann-Schroder, G." box="[714,1080,1648,1672]" page="515" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC4FFC0FD7E877CF91CF97B" author="Hartmann-Schroder, G." box="[714,1080,1648,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" refId="ref8732" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. 2 nd Revised Edition. The fauna of Germany and adjacent seas with their characteristics and ecology. Vol. 58. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 648 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hartmann-Schröder 1996: 515–516</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 251.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF238783FF8EF954" blockId="6.[151,1176,1587,1734]" box="[151,682,1679,1703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1811D8FFC4FFC0FF238783FF8EF954" box="[151,682,1679,1703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA910E7FFC4FFC0FF238783FF27F954" author="Jirkov, I. A." box="[151,515,1679,1703]" page="330" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" year="2020">
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFC4FFC0FF238783FF27F954" ID-CoL="88RKY" authority="Jirkov 2020: 330" authorityName="Jirkov" authorityPageNumber="330" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,515,1679,1703]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Amphitrite" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF238783FC6BF954" box="[151,335,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Amphitrite figulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC4FFC0FEE18783FF27F954" author="Jirkov, I. A." box="[341,515,1679,1703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="311 - 360" refId="ref9297" refString="Jirkov, I. A. (2020) Review of the European Amphitrite (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) with description of two new species. Invertebrate Zoology, 17 (4), 311-360. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.17.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Jirkov 2020: 330</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1C, 14–15.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1811D8FFC4FFC0FF2387A2FF62F935" box="[151,582,1710,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA910E7FFC4FFC0FF2387A2FF66F935" author="Meyer, A. H." box="[151,578,1710,1734]" page="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" year="1912">
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFC4FFC0FF2387A2FF66F935" ID-CoL="D6FQ" authority="Meyer, 1912: 34 - 35" authorityName="Meyer" authorityPageNumber="34 - 35" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,578,1710,1734]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Amphitrite" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stimpsoni">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF2387A2FC4FF936" box="[151,363,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Amphitrite stimpsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC4FFC0FEC587A2FF66F935" author="Meyer, A. H." box="[369,578,1710,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref10293" refString="Meyer, A. H. (1912) Die Amphicteniden, Ampharetiden und Terebelliden der Nord- und Ostsee. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde der hohen philosophischen Fakultat der Koniglichen Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel. Heider Anzeiger, Heide, 1-68." type="book chapter" year="1912">Meyer, 1912: 34–35</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C312657DFFC4FFC0FF2387F8FE3FF86D" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF2387F8FE3FF86D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1780,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF2387F8FC5BF8FD" bold="true" box="[151,383,1780,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B603CABFFC4FFC0FE3187F8FF5BF8A4" collectingDate="2023-10" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Saint-Pierre and Miquelon" county="North Atlantic Ocean" latitude="46.776196" location="Grande Miquelon Lake" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.163452" municipality="Lake" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="MNHN-IA-2017-2211" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBAE9E8DFFC4FFC0FE3187F8FFA2F8FD" box="[389,646,1780,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">MNHN-IA-2017-2211</specimenCode>
, North Atlantic Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFC4FFC0FC3D87F8F98BF8FD" box="[905,1199,1780,1806]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Saint-Pierre and Miquelon</collectingCountry>
Archipelago,
<location id="8ED7602DFFC4FFC0FAFE87F8FC63F8C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187E0FFC4FFCFFF2384C6FFB4F82E:8ED7602DFFC4FFC0FAFE87F8FC63F8C1" country="Saint-Pierre and Miquelon" county="North Atlantic Ocean" latitude="46.776196" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.163452" municipality="Lake" name="Grande Miquelon Lake" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Grande Miquelon Lake</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C5031FFC4FFC0FEE08614FCD1F8C0" box="[340,501,1816,1843]" degrees="47.092622" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" precision="1" value="47.09262">47.092622° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C5031FFC4FFC0FDB68614FF83F8C0" box="[514,679,1816,1843]" degrees="56.368040" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" precision="1" value="-56.36804">56.368040° W</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal,
<date id="FFB61036FFC4FFC0FC9C8614FEE1F8C1" box="[808,965,1816,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="2023-10">
<collectingDate id="EFF2E9DEFFC4FFC0FC9C8614FEE1F8C1" box="[808,965,1816,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="2023-10">October 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, one complete specimen, some parapodia used for molecular analysis. AM W.55317,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B603CABFFC4FFC0FD3C8630FE33F86D" collectingDate="2023-10" collectionCode="AM" country="Saint-Pierre and Miquelon" county="North Atlantic Ocean" latitude="46.776196" location="Saint-Pierre Harbour" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.163452" municipality="Lake" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1">
North Atlantic Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFC4FFC0FC3F8630F99CF8A5" box="[907,1208,1852,1878]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Saint-Pierre and Miquelon</collectingCountry>
Archipelago,
<location id="8ED7602DFFC4FFC0FAED8630FC66F889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187E0FFC4FFCFFF2384C6FFB4F82E:8ED7602DFFC4FFC0FAED8630FC66F889" country="Saint-Pierre and Miquelon" county="North Atlantic Ocean" latitude="46.776196" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.163452" municipality="Lake" name="Saint-Pierre Harbour" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Saint-Pierre Harbour</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C5031FFC4FFC0FEFB866CFCD5F888" box="[335,497,1888,1915]" degrees="46.776196" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" precision="1" value="46.776196">46.776196° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C5031FFC4FFC0FE4A866CFF87F888" box="[510,675,1888,1915]" degrees="56.163452" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" precision="1" value="-56.163452">56.163452° W</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal,
<date id="FFB61036FFC4FFC0FC91866CFEE7F889" box="[805,963,1888,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="2023-10">
<collectingDate id="EFF2E9DEFFC4FFC0FC91866CFEE7F889" box="[805,963,1888,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="2023-10">October 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, one complete specimen, some parapodia used for molecular analysis, specimen mounted for SEM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C312657DFFC4FFCFFF7386A4FE37FDCE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC4FFC0FF7386A4FC23F814" blockId="6.[151,1436,1780,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC4FFC0FF7386A4FC7DF831" bold="true" box="[199,345,1960,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Description.</emphasis>
Large-sized species with longest specimen
<quantity id="4CF09B13FFC4FFC0FCEC86A4FEEAF830" box="[856,974,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.478" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="147.8">147.8 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF09B13FFC4FFC0FBF386A4F98AF830" box="[1095,1198,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
wide, for about 112 segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC5FFC1FF73819BF838FEB2" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
Prostomium at base of upper lip, without eyespots, distal part forming shelf-like tentacular membrane from which filiform, wrinkled and deeply grooved buccal tentacles originate (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FC0381B7F911FF26" box="[951,1077,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FB8B81B7F940FF26" box="[1087,1124,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">3A</figureCitation>
). Peristomium forming lips; upper lip thick, hood-like, convoluted, broader than high; lower lip swollen, broader than high (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FB0B81D3F833FF0A" box="[1215,1303,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Segment I clearly visible, forming protruding lobe below lower lip (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FCAE800FFE57FEEE" box="[794,883,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Segments II–III with small ventro-lateral lobes, SG IV with very small dorsal lobes, situated anteriorly and ventrally from the notopodia (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FB35802BF9C4FEB2" box="[1153,1248,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FB5F802BF82AFEB2" box="[1259,1294,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC5FFC1FF738047FE8CFE22" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
Three pairs of dichotomous branchiae, on SG II–IV, with wide medial gap; second pair inserted more laterally than first and third pairs; with numerous strongly annulated filaments, arising from short stems (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FB698063F879FE7A" box="[1245,1373,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FADE8063F8ABFE7A" box="[1386,1423,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">3A</figureCitation>
). Dorsum of anterior chaetigers tessellated (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FDD9809FFFECFE5E" box="[621,712,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FD67809FFFDDFE5E" box="[723,761,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">3A</figureCitation>
). Thirteen-fourteen ventral shields, rectangular, broader than long, present on SG III–XV (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFC5FFC1FE6A80BBFF13FE22" box="[478,567,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
); absence of mid-ventral groove.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF77667EFFC5FFC1FF238646FCEAF83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" startId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" targetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFC5FFC1FF238646FCEAF83D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1866,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC5FFC1FF238646FC31F891" bold="true" box="[151,277,1866,1890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFC5FFC1FEAA8646FF52F891" authority="(Dalyell, 1853)" authorityName="AM W." baseAuthorityName="Dalyell" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[286,630,1866,1890]" class="Polychaeta" family="Thelepodidae" genus="Amphtrite" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFC5FFC1FEAA8646FCF5F891" box="[286,465,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Amphtrite figulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFC5FFC1FE558646FF54F891" author="Dalyell, J. G." box="[481,624,1866,1890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" refId="ref8285" refString="Dalyell, J. G. (1853) The Powers of the Creator displayed in the Creation: or, observations on life amidst the various forms of the humbler tribes of animated nature with practical comments and illustrations. Vol. 2. John van Voorst, London, 359 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10022" type="book" year="1853">Dalyell, 1853</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCAFFCEFF73819BF87EFF0A" blockId="8.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
Notopodia short, rectangular, present on SG IV–XXVIII (n=25),
<specimenCount id="9D0EFD7FFFCAFFCEFC11819BF91BFF42" box="[933,1087,151,177]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
with 24 notopodia on one side and 25 on the other one. Notochaetae almost straight, medially winged with wings of same width, and distally serrated; two rows of chaetae, those of anterior row less than half as long as those of posterior row (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCAFFCEFB4081D3F868FF0A" box="[1268,1356,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF77667EFFCAFFCEFF23865AF948F845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" startId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" targetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCAFFCEFF23865AF948F845" blockId="8.[151,1436,1878,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCAFFCEFF23865AFC37F89D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1878,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFCAFFCEFEAD865AFF98F89D" authority="(Dalyell, 1853) AM W." authorityName="AM W." baseAuthorityName="Dalyell" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[281,700,1878,1902]" class="Polychaeta" family="Thelepodidae" genus="Amphtrite" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCAFFCEFEAD865AFCEEF89D" box="[281,458,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Amphtrite figulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCAFFCEFE63865AFF40F89D" author="Dalyell, J. G." box="[471,612,1878,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" refId="ref8285" refString="Dalyell, J. G. (1853) The Powers of the Creator displayed in the Creation: or, observations on life amidst the various forms of the humbler tribes of animated nature with practical comments and illustrations. Vol. 2. John van Voorst, London, 359 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10022" type="book" year="1853">Dalyell, 1853</bibRefCitation>
) AM W.
</taxonomicName>
55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E. Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF73819BF930FE7A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
Neuropodia beginning from SG
<collectionCode id="ED19AE33FFCBFFCFFD81819BFF6DFF42" box="[565,585,151,177]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
, with uncini arranged in single rows on SG
<collectionCode id="ED19AE33FFCBFFCFFB88819BF975FF42" box="[1084,1105,151,177]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
–X, uncini in double rows on SG XI–XXIX (second abdominal chaetiger), in a face-to-face arrangement, and in single rows again from SG XXX.
<specimenCount id="9D0EFD7FFFCBFFCFFF2381D3FC13FF0A" box="[151,311,223,249]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
with second abdominal neuropodia with uncini in double row dorsally, and in a single row ventrally. Thoracic neuropodia as low ridges, situated latero-ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFC8F800FFE9CFEEE" box="[827,952,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Figs 2A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFC76800FF92DFEEE" box="[962,1033,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">3A–B</figureCitation>
); abdominal neuropodia raised from body and displaced more laterally (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFD93802BFFA2FEB2" box="[551,646,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFD27802BFF91FEB2" box="[659,693,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">3E</figureCitation>
). Uncini avicular, with short triangular heel, with distally pointed prow, large pointed to digitiform dorsal button inserted halfway between base of main fang and tip of prow, convex base; and crest with five rows of secondary teeth above main fang (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFC3E8063F92CFE7A" box="[906,1032,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Fig. 3A–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF73809FFFA6FDEA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
Seventeen pairs of very small nephridial and genital papillae present on SG III–V and VI–XIX respectively (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFF2B80BBFDDAFE22" box="[159,254,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFEBE80BBFC74FE22" box="[266,336,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">3A–B</figureCitation>
), first pair larger than the following ones, situated above base of second pair of branchiae, second pair below first notopodia and slightly displaced dorsally, subsequent pairs between noto- and neuropodia, slightly displaced dorsally, last pairs difficult to see.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF73832FFE37FDCE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,787,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
Pygidium rounded and slightly crenulated (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFD18832FFE23FDCE" box="[684,775,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,533,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-160@7.[151,1436,522,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) MNHN-IA-2017-2211. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, dorsal view; C. Anterior end, ventral view; D. Pygidium. Abbreviations. Numbers referring to segments. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Gp genital papillae; Ll, lower lip; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; Py, pygidium; SG1, segment 1; Ul, upper lip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896444/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C312657DFFCBFFCFFF73834BFEB3FD76" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF73834BFEB0FD92" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,916,582,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFF73834BFC42FD93" bold="true" box="[199,358,582,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="54B38854FFCBFFCFFF73834BFC26FD92" box="[199,258,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8ED7602DFFCBFFCFFED8834BFF6DFD92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187E0FFC4FFCFFF2384C6FFB4F82E:8ED7602DFFCBFFCFFED8834BFF6DFD92" box="[364,585,583,609]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="North Sea" name="Probably North Sea" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
Probably
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD3AC8CFFCBFFCFFE6C834BFF6DFD92" box="[472,585,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">North Sea</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
coast of
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFD1B834BFE35FD92" box="[687,785,583,609]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Scotland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFC94834BFEACFD92" author="Gil, J." box="[800,904,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref8569" refString="Gil, J. (2011) The European Fauna of Annelida Polychaeta. Ph. D. Dissertation, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, xlii + 1554 pp." type="book" year="2011">Gil 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF738367FEB3FD76" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,919,618,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFF738367FC51FD77" bold="true" box="[199,373,618,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="54B38854FFCBFFCFFF738367FC26FD76" box="[199,258,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
Could not be traced (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFDD28367FFD2FD76" author="Holthe, T." box="[614,758,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref8799" refString="Holthe, T. (1986) Polychaeta, Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 7, 1-194. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004627222" type="journal article" year="1986">Holthe 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFCB58367FEAFFD76" author="Jirkov, I. A." box="[769,907,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="311 - 360" refId="ref9297" refString="Jirkov, I. A. (2020) Review of the European Amphitrite (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) with description of two new species. Invertebrate Zoology, 17 (4), 311-360. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.17.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Jirkov 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C312657DFFCBFFCFFF738382FCCDFC72" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF738382FCCDFC72" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFF738382FC45FD5B" bold="true" box="[199,353,654,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFCBFFCFFEDD8383FF12FD5A" authorityName="Jirkov" authorityYear="2020" box="[361,566,655,681]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Amphitrite" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFEDD8383FF12FD5A" box="[361,566,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Amphitrite figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present in Europe from the Norwegian Sea to the Aegean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFA848383F8BCFD5A" author="Gil, J." box="[1328,1432,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref8569" refString="Gil, J. (2011) The European Fauna of Annelida Polychaeta. Ph. D. Dissertation, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, xlii + 1554 pp." type="book" year="2011">Gil 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFF2383BFFC3BFD3E" author="Jirkov, I. A." box="[151,287,691,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="311 - 360" refId="ref9297" refString="Jirkov, I. A. (2020) Review of the European Amphitrite (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) with description of two new species. Invertebrate Zoology, 17 (4), 311-360. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.17.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Jirkov 2020</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFE9F83BFFF01FD3E" author="Lavesque, N. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P." box="[299,549,691,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref9738" refString="Lavesque, N., Daffe, G., Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P. (2021 a) Revision of the French Terebellidae sensu stricto (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of nine species. Zootaxa, 5038 (1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5038.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lavesque
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFE2983BFFCF2FD3E" box="[413,470,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2021a
</bibRefCitation>
), and in
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFD3183BFFFFDFD3E" box="[645,729,691,717]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFD5C83BFFEBAFD3E" author="Carr, C. M. &amp; Hardy, S. M. &amp; Brown, T. M. &amp; Macdonald, T. A. &amp; Hebert, P. D. N." box="[744,926,691,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref8014" refString="Carr, C. M., Hardy, S. M., Brown, T. M., Macdonald, T. A. &amp; Hebert, P. D. N. (2011) A Tri-Oceanic Perspective: DNA Barcoding Reveals Geographic Structure and Cryptic Diversity in Canadian Polychaetes. PLoS ONE, 6 (7), e 22232." type="journal volume" year="2011">
Carr
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFC9783BFFE7FFD3E" box="[803,859,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). This species is also reported from the North Atlantic, Arctic, North Sea, western Baltic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFD3E83DBFE8BFD02" author="Hartmann-Schroder, G." box="[650,943,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref8732" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. 2 nd Revised Edition. The fauna of Germany and adjacent seas with their characteristics and ecology. Vol. 58. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 648 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hartmann-Schröder 1996</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFC7083DBF923FD02" box="[964,1031,727,753]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Japan</collectingCountry>
, the Gulf of Mexico and the Sea of Okhotsk (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFEB083F7FC43FCE6" author="Gil, J." box="[260,359,763,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref8569" refString="Gil, J. (2011) The European Fauna of Annelida Polychaeta. Ph. D. Dissertation, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, xlii + 1554 pp." type="book" year="2011">Gil 2011</bibRefCitation>
) but all of these records should be regarded as doubtful, at least until molecular data are provided. Indeed, documenting species distributions using morphology alone has led to the popularization of the cosmopolitan species concept and a clear underestimation of biodiversity (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFC9B824FF9B3FCAE" author="Hutchings, P. &amp; Kupriyanova, E." box="[815,1175,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref8881" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Kupriyanova, E. (2018) Cosmopolitan polychaetes - fact or fiction? Personal and historical perspectives. Invertebrate Systematics, 32, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17035" type="journal article" year="2018">Hutchings &amp; Kupriyanova 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFB16824FF8BCFCAE" author="Lavesque, N. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Grall, J. &amp; Zanol, J. &amp; Gouillieux, B. &amp; Hutchings, P." box="[1186,1432,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref9522" refString="Lavesque, N., Daffe, G., Grall, J., Zanol, J., Gouillieux, B. &amp; Hutchings, P. (2019 b) Guess who? On the importance of using appropriate name: case study of Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813). Zookeys, 859, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.34117" type="journal article" year="2019">
Lavesque
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFAA6824FF86DFCAE" box="[1298,1353,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFF23826BFCF9FC72" author="Hutchings, P. &amp; Lavesque, N." box="[151,477,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref8925" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Lavesque, N. (2020) I know who you are, but do others know? Why correct scientific names are so important for the biological sciences. Zoosymposia, 19, 151-163. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.19.1.16" type="journal article" year="2020">Hutchings &amp; Lavesque 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C312657DFFCBFFCFFF738286F990FBAA" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF738286F835FBE2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFF738286FC0EFC57" bold="true" box="[199,298,906,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Habitat.</emphasis>
This species lives in empty shells in deep water, and among rocks in shallow intertidal pools, on mud or sandy mud, among
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFCBFFCFFE3A82A3FCC0FC3B" box="[398,484,943,968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFE3A82A3FCC0FC3B" box="[398,484,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Zostera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFCBFFCFFE4582A3FF11FC3B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[497,565,943,968]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Fucus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFE4582A3FF11FC3B" box="[497,565,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Fucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFCBFFCFFDED82A3FFEBFC3B" authorityName="J. V. F. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1813" box="[601,719,943,968]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Laminaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFDED82A3FFEBFC3B" box="[601,719,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Laminaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on mussel and oyster banks (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFBA982A3F9A7FC3A" author="Gil, J." box="[1053,1155,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref8569" refString="Gil, J. (2011) The European Fauna of Annelida Polychaeta. Ph. D. Dissertation, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, xlii + 1554 pp." type="book" year="2011">Gil 2011</bibRefCitation>
), in mud (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFB4582A3FDFBFC1E" author="Lavesque, N. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P." pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref9738" refString="Lavesque, N., Daffe, G., Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P. (2021 a) Revision of the French Terebellidae sensu stricto (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of nine species. Zootaxa, 5038 (1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5038.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lavesque
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFAD182A3F8B9FC3A" box="[1381,1437,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2021a
</bibRefCitation>
), in silted heterogeneous sediments in semi-enclosed lagoon (this study), in coarse gravels and shells (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFAE082DFFC2BFBE2" author="Hardy, S. M. &amp; Carr, C. M. &amp; Hardman, M. &amp; Hardman, M. &amp; Steinke, D. &amp; Corstorphine, E. &amp; Mah, C." pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="195 - 210" refId="ref8609" refString="Hardy, S. M., Carr, C. M., Hardman, M., Hardman, M., Steinke, D., Corstorphine, E. &amp; Mah, C. (2011) Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: insights from molecular tools. Marine Biodiversity, 41, 195-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-010-0056-x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Hardy
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFF2382FBFDEBFBE2" box="[151,207,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) from
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to intertidal (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFD9F82FBFFD7FBE2" author="Hardy, S. M. &amp; Carr, C. M. &amp; Hardman, M. &amp; Hardman, M. &amp; Steinke, D. &amp; Corstorphine, E. &amp; Mah, C." box="[555,755,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="195 - 210" refId="ref8609" refString="Hardy, S. M., Carr, C. M., Hardman, M., Hardman, M., Steinke, D., Corstorphine, E. &amp; Mah, C. (2011) Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: insights from molecular tools. Marine Biodiversity, 41, 195-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-010-0056-x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Hardy
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFDCE82FBFF96FBE2" box="[634,690,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFD4A82FBFEA2FBE2" author="Jirkov, I. A." box="[766,902,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="311 - 360" refId="ref9297" refString="Jirkov, I. A. (2020) Review of the European Amphitrite (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) with description of two new species. Invertebrate Zoology, 17 (4), 311-360. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.17.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Jirkov 2020</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFC2582FBF9ADFBE2" author="Lavesque, N. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P." box="[913,1161,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref9738" refString="Lavesque, N., Daffe, G., Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P. (2021 a) Revision of the French Terebellidae sensu stricto (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of nine species. Zootaxa, 5038 (1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5038.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lavesque
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFBB782FBF91FFBE2" box="[1027,1083,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2021a
</bibRefCitation>
, this study).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF738517F990FBAA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
In the original description,
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFE438517FFBFFBC6" author="Dalyell, J. G." box="[503,667,1050,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref8285" refString="Dalyell, J. G. (1853) The Powers of the Creator displayed in the Creation: or, observations on life amidst the various forms of the humbler tribes of animated nature with practical comments and illustrations. Vol. 2. John van Voorst, London, 359 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10022" type="book" year="1853">Dalyell (1853)</bibRefCitation>
considers this species to be an architect and calls it the “potter”. The worm selects mud or clay exclusively for the materials for its tube, which is thick and clumsy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C312657DFFCBFFCFFF73856FFFB4F82E" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF73856FF83FF9FA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFF73856FFC1FFB8E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Remarks.</emphasis>
As previously highlighted by
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFD3A856FFEBCFB8E" author="Lavesque, N. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P." box="[654,920,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref9738" refString="Lavesque, N., Daffe, G., Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P. (2021 a) Revision of the French Terebellidae sensu stricto (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of nine species. Zootaxa, 5038 (1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5038.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lavesque
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFCB4856FFE1CFB8E" box="[768,824,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
(2021a)
</bibRefCitation>
, the species is poorly described in the original description which does not include important characters useful for the taxonomy of this genus. The specimens examined in this study match those of the French coasts (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFC9B85A7F916FB36" author="Lavesque, N. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P." box="[815,1074,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref9738" refString="Lavesque, N., Daffe, G., Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P. (2021 a) Revision of the French Terebellidae sensu stricto (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of nine species. Zootaxa, 5038 (1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5038.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lavesque
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFC1285A7FEC4FB36" box="[934,992,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2021a
</bibRefCitation>
), even if several morphological differences occur. Indeed, specimens observed from the French coasts were much smaller (
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) than specimens observed during this study (
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). Probably linked to the size of specimens, the number of genital papillae is higher in
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFEB0841BFF0AFAC2" box="[260,558,1303,1329]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Saint-Pierre and Miquelon</collectingCountry>
specimens (n=17) than in Normandy (n=15). Another difference concerns the presence of small lobes on SG
<quantity id="4CF09B13FFCBFFCFFE428437FF06FAA6" box="[502,546,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
some of the SPM specimens which are absent in specimens from Normandy. After re-examination of the specimen MNHN-IA-PNT 127, the right side shows a small lobe on SG4 (which is more difficult to observe on the left side, as illustrated in the
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFD48848FFE19FA6E" box="[764,829,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,918,942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,892]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1435,179,892]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4.A. Maximum likelihood tree of Amphitrite species based on COI sequences.Asterisks indicate the bootstrap support values of the ML analysis&gt;80%. B. Haplotype networks for COI for all specimens of A. figulus. Each haplotype is represented by a circle sized proportionally to the number of sequences. Colours indicate the geographic origin of the sequences. Hatched bars correspond to the number of mutational steps between haplotypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896448/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CF09B13FFCBFFCFFC9B848FFE19FA6E" box="[815,829,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" unit="in" value="4.0">4</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFCD4848FF97DFA6E" author="Lavesque, N. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P." box="[864,1113,1411,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref9738" refString="Lavesque, N., Daffe, G., Londono-Mesa, M. H. &amp; Hutchings, P. (2021 a) Revision of the French Terebellidae sensu stricto (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of nine species. Zootaxa, 5038 (1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5038.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lavesque
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFC66848FF92DFA6E" box="[978,1033,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2021a
</bibRefCitation>
). This lobe is also difficult to see on the specimen from St Pierre and
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFDEC84ABFFE1FA32" box="[600,709,1447,1473]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Miquelon</collectingCountry>
used for SEM (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFCCD84ABFEF5FA32" box="[889,977,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,319,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[151,1436,306,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amphtrite figulus (Dalyell, 1853) AM W.55317, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Anterior end, lateral view; C. Uncini, segment 9. D. Uncini, segment 12; E.Abdominal neuropodia, segment 28; F. Uncini, segment 29. Abbreviations: Bf, branchial filaments; Bt, buccal tentacles; Ll4, lateral lobe SG4; Np, nephridial papillae; St, stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896446/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFC5284ABF9A5FA32" author="Jirkov, I. A." box="[998,1153,1447,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="311 - 360" refId="ref9297" refString="Jirkov, I. A. (2020) Review of the European Amphitrite (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) with description of two new species. Invertebrate Zoology, 17 (4), 311-360. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.17.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Jirkov (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, who observed European specimens, also noted the presence of these small lobes on SG4. Morphological differences between small and large specimens of terebellid species have already been observed (
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFC8A84E3F92AF9FA" author="Martin, D. &amp; Capa, M. &amp; Martinez, A. &amp; Costa, A. C." box="[830,1038,1519,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="60 - 96" refId="ref10224" refString="Martin, D., Capa, M., Martinez, A. &amp; Costa, A. C. (2022) Taxonomic implications of describing a new species of Loimia (Annelida, Terebellidae) with two size-dependent morphotypes. European Journal of Taxonomy, 833 (1), 60-96. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1887" type="journal article" year="2022">
Martin
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFC2784E3FEE8F9FA" box="[915,972,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFBAD84E3F82BF9FA" author="Hutchings, P. &amp; Daffe, G. &amp; Glasby, C. &amp; Lavesque, N." box="[1049,1295,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" pagination="328 - 352" refId="ref9156" refString="Hutchings, P., Daffe, G., Glasby, C. &amp; Lavesque, N. (2025) Spaghetti worms from the reef: two new species of Loimia (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Bora Bora and Moorea (Society Islands, French Polynesia) and a range extension of L. tuberculata Nogueira, Hutchings &amp; Carrerette, 2015. Zootaxa, 5583 (2), 328-352. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5583.2.6" type="journal article" year="2025">
Hutchings
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFB2784E3F9E8F9FA" box="[1171,1228,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2025
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB736F6FFCBFFCFFF73871FFFB4F82E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">
The molecular analyses showed that
<taxonomicName id="4C084D75FFCBFFCFFDD1871FFE14F9DE" authorityName="Jirkov" authorityYear="2020" box="[613,816,1555,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Amphitrite" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFDD1871FFE14F9DE" box="[613,816,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Amphitrite figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very wide distribution in the North Atlantic (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFADB871FFD9AF9A2" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,918,942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,892]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1435,179,892]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4.A. Maximum likelihood tree of Amphitrite species based on COI sequences.Asterisks indicate the bootstrap support values of the ML analysis&gt;80%. B. Haplotype networks for COI for all specimens of A. figulus. Each haplotype is represented by a circle sized proportionally to the number of sequences. Colours indicate the geographic origin of the sequences. Hatched bars correspond to the number of mutational steps between haplotypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896448/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). However, genetic differences have been observed between specimens sampled in the north-east Atlantic (
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFAF3873BF8BCF9A2" box="[1351,1432,1591,1617]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFF238757FDCDF986" box="[151,233,1627,1653]" name="Ireland" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Ireland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFF408757FC66F986" box="[244,322,1627,1653]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFEF98757FC8DF986" box="[333,425,1627,1653]" name="Norway" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Norway</collectingCountry>
) and those sampled in the west (
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFCA08757FE4FF986" box="[788,875,1627,1653]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Canada</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="13332A73FFCBFFCFFC368757FEFEF986" box="[898,986,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,918,942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,892]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1435,179,892]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4.A. Maximum likelihood tree of Amphitrite species based on COI sequences.Asterisks indicate the bootstrap support values of the ML analysis&gt;80%. B. Haplotype networks for COI for all specimens of A. figulus. Each haplotype is represented by a circle sized proportionally to the number of sequences. Colours indicate the geographic origin of the sequences. Hatched bars correspond to the number of mutational steps between haplotypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14896448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14896448/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). More diversity is found in the Western Atlantic with four different haplotypes found whereas only one was found in the Eastern Atlantic. The genetic distances observed between the two populations (between 2.5 and 3%) could indicate that these populations belong to a single species with limited geneflow between populations. Large intraspecific distances in COI have previously been observed in polychaetes (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B07FFCBFFCFFD8787E7FE37F8F6" author="Nygren, A. &amp; Parapar, J. &amp; Pons, J. &amp; Meissner, K. &amp; Bakken, T. &amp; Kongsrud, J. A. &amp; Oug, E. &amp; Gaeva, D. &amp; Sikorski, A. &amp; Johansen, R. A. &amp; Hutchings, P. &amp; Lavesque, N. &amp; Capa, M." box="[563,787,1771,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="259" refId="ref10699" refString="Nygren, A., Parapar, J., Pons, J., Meissner, K., Bakken, T., Kongsrud, J. A., Oug, E., Gaeva, D., Sikorski, A., Johansen, R. A., Hutchings, P., Lavesque, N. &amp; Capa, M. (2018) A megacryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLoS ONE, 13 (6), e 0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" type="journal volume" year="2018">
Nygren
<emphasis id="B97CEAE4FFCBFFCFFD2687E7FFEAF8F6" box="[658,718,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) and are compatible with the large geographic distance between both populations. Alternatively, the two populations could represent different species. Recent speciation would explain the comparatively low interspecific distances. To test these hypotheses, new specimens need to be sampled in the geographical transition zones between the east and west of the Atlantic Ocean. In particular, it would be very interesting to obtain sequences of individuals from
<collectingCountry id="F31F7666FFCBFFCFFCE08677FEE8F866" box="[852,972,1915,1941]" name="Greenland" pageId="9" pageNumber="259">Greenland</collectingCountry>
. At present, we conservatively consider both populations as belonging to a single species, but future studies will confirm or deny this hypothesis and more detailed genetic analyses must be performed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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