170 lines
21 KiB
XML
170 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="C232B151692785AA9F600AB80B086CCA" ID-CLB-Dataset="5843" ID-DOI="10.1206/3908.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fc56743-3f64-4d91-9433-d5fe41fd7d1d" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598569" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1615482533448" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A., Sunderlin, David, Aaroe, Georgene A., Dempsky, Michelle R., Parker, Nancy E., Tillery, George Q., White, Jaclyn G., Barden, Phillip, Nascimbene, Paul C. & Williams, Christopher J." docDate="2018" docId="03A187BFFF842F30A846470F53AEFB31" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2018.3908.1-37.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2018 (3908)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3908.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Acari" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF98FFC7FF8B2F20AA7C43405143FF90" masterDocTitle="Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1719698180150" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="26A5D9889B33188AD43888B36DE03C12">Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A2B03FB96BE9DB6C7C81583A01773B18">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B13DBD09EEEC0C82FB926AEDBD351BB">Sunderlin, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E48FF1794A0EE66638F10D9AFEE6DD32">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="85E2E906AE57D10CF4F7E5B09099B0C9">Aaroe, Georgene A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="214381401C03F08CE0940D97E5303890">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="48E8456981019B258AEB9BE07C42B366">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C86CEFBDE40B25A3A0672EBF02894448">Tillery, George Q.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C97FA991517F21BA961A6D891389313E">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="19204A281E31F781412CC596E3AE2202">White, Jaclyn G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B92E0504395DF28DEDD389E182AF958">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A12E19B57C52B9603B04CC60D8DF7033">Barden, Phillip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EF37D4E9487C246965E155FD806D4BB3">Department of Biology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ABADE26ED389094D4B0D819BC9A6C3A1">Nascimbene, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C75290217C3CC5FABECB719047D9B13">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EF8EDB3348666D7207F87659738964CE">Williams, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="47A62A0E713B872C4E920F1EF8154051">Department of Earth & Environment, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5C598BEB773F1721EAB14BD3323DB304">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9BC2CF5948274D9B7DB7F610F4D8D512">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F3A8D2CE26DE1A4C0307FEB125F355A5">2018-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D9BC47B1E348DF401740C2319EEE86BC">2018</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AD9FCC91EC60B90A7266CF611DECF5EE">3908</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="12238F00645131BE13C5777C319A6216">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="FCF62F000BA26A2D8AE778EB70327D4A">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3908.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03A187BFFF842F30A846470F53AEFB31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057093" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057093" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187BFFF842F30A846470F53AEFB31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187BFFF842F30A846470F53AEFB31" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C3126522FF842F2FA846470F53ADFBF9" box="[570,750,1103,1129]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF842F2FA846470F53ADFBF9" blockId="15.[570,750,1103,1129]" box="[570,750,1103,1129]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0FF81C5FF842F2FA846470F53ADFBF9" allCaps="true" box="[570,750,1103,1129]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF842F2FA846470F53C5FBF9" box="[570,646,1103,1129]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="subClass" subClass="Acari">ACARI</taxonomicName>
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(MITES)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3126522FF842F30A84F47C75281FC96" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF842F2FA84F47C753B6FB31" blockId="15.[563,757,1158,1185]" box="[563,757,1158,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0FF81C5FF842F2FA84F47C753B6FB31" box="[563,757,1158,1185]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="13332A2CFF842F2FA84F47C753FBFB31" box="[563,696,1158,1185]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[108,150,1492,1513]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-10@8.[108,1212,224,1466]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. Arachnids. A−E. Two fragments of the same piece containing portion of a spider egg sac, shown in different views and magnifications (AMNH LC-B3a, b). D, E. Highest magnification, showing how silk strands are cabled and woven. F. Spider (unidentified), ventral view (AMNH LC-D7). G. Pseudoscorpion, family indet. AMNH GC-A8b. H. Mite, Acari: Oribatida (family indet.), ventral view (AMNH LC-D1). See figure 7D for another spider inclusion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598579/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figures 5H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13332A2CFF842F2FA8B947C753B6FB31" box="[709,757,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[107,149,1662,1683]" captionTargetBox="[123,1172,228,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[108,1212,224,1628]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 11. Details of two arachnid inclusions, to same scale. A. Partially preserved oribatid mite (AMNH LC-D1), ventral view, showing long legs with swollen podites and large claws, similar to those in Damaeoidea. B. Partial pseudoscorpion, ventral view (AMNH GC-A8b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598595/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11A</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF842F30AAE047FF52DCFE01" blockId="15.[108,1214,1215,1764]" lastBlockId="16.[108,1215,225,1185]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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AMNH WH-6: A small piece containing most of the remains of an oribatid mite, similar in overall structure to the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF842F2FAB9347A45330FB6E" authorityName="A.Berlese" authorityYear="1896" box="[495,627,1252,1278]" class="Arachnida" family="Damaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Damaeidae</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 11A), which consists of fewer than 100 living species in 14 genera, primarily as mycophagous and algophagous inhabitants of leaf litter and subcortical microhabitats of temperate and boreal forests.
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF842F2FA962466F52E1FAD9" authorityName="A.Berlese" authorityYear="1896" box="[798,930,1327,1353]" class="Arachnida" family="Damaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Damaeidae</taxonomicName>
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occur in Eocene amber from the Baltic region and
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<collectingRegion id="49CCF84BFF842F2FABC54615534BFAFF" box="[441,520,1365,1391]" country="Ukraine" name="Rivne" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rovno</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31F7639FF842F2FA86A46145335FAFE" box="[534,630,1364,1390]" name="Ukraine" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF842F2FA8FB461452AEFAFE" author="Weitschat, W. & W. Wichard" box="[647,1005,1364,1390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="80 - 115" refId="ref16109" refString="Weitschat, W., and W. Wichard. 2010. Baltic amber. Chapter 6. In D. Penney (editor), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits: 80 - 115. Manchester: Siri Scientific Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Weitschat and Wichard, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF842F2FA987461451E9FA03" author="Perkovsky, E. E. & V. Yu. Zosimovich & A. P. Vlaskin" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="116 - 136" refId="ref14631" refString="Perkovsky, E. E., V. Yu. Zosimovich, A. P. Vlaskin. 2010. Rovno amber. Chapter 7. In D. Penney (editor), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits: 116 - 136. Manchester: Siri Scientific Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Perkovsky et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). The mite is near the corner of the amber piece, with the appendages of one side lost or completely obscured; the piece also contains dark layers from various resin flows as well as particulate plant matter. Body length (without appendages) is approximately 400 μm, with a slight constriction between the prodorsum and notogaster; legs are long and slender, length of the longest is 550 μm. The mite is dark and opaque, generally obscuring many of the setae, sensilla, and cuticular details except those visible at margins. Anterior-most appendage (pedipalps) (only one of a pair observable), with three short, stout podites, apical one pointed, with two long, fine solenidia. A pair of long, stiff solenidia occurs at the anterior end of the prodorsum. Structure of the legs is very distinctive and quite similar to that of the living family
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF842F2FAE0B45E551F9F973" authorityName="A.Berlese" authorityYear="1896" class="Arachnida" family="Damaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Damaeidae</taxonomicName>
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, in particular the “moniliform” legs (although this habitus also occurs in oribatid superfamilies closely related to Damaeoidea). Leg I has bulbous portions of the femur, genu, tibia, and at the base of the tela + basitarsus. The only bulbous portion of leg II is on what is either the genu or tibia (boundaries between podites are barely visible). The apices of tibiae in legs II and III each have a long, stiff solenidium that is nearly equal in length to that of its respective podite. Pretarsal claws are long, slender, and sickle shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF9B2F30AAE042DC5281FC96" blockId="16.[108,1215,225,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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AMNH LC-D1: A piece of amber containing a complete mite (~280 μm body length), which is moderately well preserved (fig. 5H). Cuticle of the notogaster and prodorsum is cracked and slightly disintegrated, precluding observation of most of the chaetotaxy, glands, and sensilla, though a pair of thick, plumose trichobothria/bothridial setae is visible, one at each posterolateral corner of the prodorsum. While identification of the mite in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9B2F30AE36417155F8FDDB" box="[1098,1211,561,587]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Oribatida">Oribatida</taxonomicName>
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is certain, a more detailed identification will be challenging. The mite is rather generalized in structure, lacking specialized (e.g., plumose) setae and obvious cuticular microstructure (e.g., reticulations). The gnathosoma is well integrated and conical, laterally with a pair of projecting solenidia; legs are relatively short, pair I with an elongate solenidium dorsoapically on what appears to be the genu; all pretarsal claws are long, slender, and hooked.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3126522FF9B2F30AAE1405153AEFB31" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF9B2F30AAE1405153AEFB31" blockId="16.[108,1215,225,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9B2F30AAAE40515000FCBB" box="[210,323,785,811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Oribatida">Oribatida</taxonomicName>
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is a highly diverse, speciose group of mites comprised of some 9000 living species in 172 families, largely inhabitants of soils, leaf litter, and moss (Norton and BehanPelletier, 2009). The fossil record of the group is ancient and diverse, beginning with unambiguous cuticular remains from the Devonian that are preserved in microscopic detail (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9B2F30AE3A40C15196FC51" author="Norton, R. A. & P. M. Bonamo & J. D. Grierson & W. A. Shear" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="259 - 269" refId="ref14362" refString="Norton, R. A., P. M. Bonamo, J. D. Grierson, and W. A. Shear. 1988. Oribatid mite fossils from a terrestrial Devonian deposit near Gilboa, New York. Journal of Paleontology 62: 259 - 269." type="journal article" year="1988">Norton et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). Oribatids have even been implicated in the processing of plant detritus from Carboniferous swamps (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9B2F30AB21408C532FFC76" author="Labandeira, C. C. & T. L. Phillips & R. A. Norton" box="[349,620,972,999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="319 - 353" refId="ref13698" refString="Labandeira, C. C., T. L. Phillips, and R. A. Norton. 1997. Oribatid mites and the decomposition of plant tissues in Paleozoic coal-swamp forests. Palaios 12: 319 - 353." type="journal article" year="1997">Labandeira et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Their fossil record in amber from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic is excellent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9B2F30ABD440B153D3FB9B" author="Dunlop, J. A. & D. Penney & D. Jekel" box="[424,656,1009,1036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref12405" refString="Dunlop, J. A., D. Penney, and D. Jekel. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. The world spider catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Online resource (http: // wsc. nmbe. ch), version 19.0, accessed on 10 March 2018. [doi: 10.24436 / 2]" type="book" year="2018">Dunlop et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is due partly to the improved techniques in preparation and high-magnification (400−1000×) microscopy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9B2F30A9FE47575509FBA1" author="Sidorchuk, E. A." box="[898,1098,1047,1073]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="189 - 201" refId="ref15226" refString="Sidorchuk, E. A. 2013. A new technique for the preparation of small-sized amber samples with application to mites. In Insect Evolution in an amberiferous and stone alphabet. Proceedings of the 6 th International Congress on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber: 189 - 201. Leiden: E. J. Brill." type="book chapter" year="2013">Sidorchuk, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the discovery of major new amber deposits. Taxa described more than a century ago in Eocene Baltic amber are being redescribed in great detail (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9B2F30A882472252DDFBEB" author="Norton, R. A." box="[766,926,1121,1148]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="111 - 125" refId="ref14244" refString="Norton, R. A. 2000. First record of Collohmannia (C. schusteri n. sp.) and Hermannia (H. sellnicki n. sp.) from Baltic amber, with notes on Sellnick's genera of fossil oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida). Acarologia 46 (1 - 2), 111 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Norton, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9B2F30A9D7472151EAFB31" author="Sidorchuk, E. A. & R. A. Norton" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref15286" refString="Sidorchuk, E. A., and R. A. Norton. 2010. Redescription of the fossil oribatid mite Scutoribates perornatus, with implications for systematics of Unduloribatidae (Acari: Oribatida). Zootaxa 2666: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="2010">Sidorchuk and Norton, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9B2F30AAC947C751B2FB31" author="Sidorchuk, E. A. & R. A. Norton" box="[181,241,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="14 - 40" refId="ref15330" refString="Sidorchuk, E. A., and R. A. Norton. 2011. The fossil mite family Archaeorchestidae (Acari, Oribatida) II: redescription of Plategeocranus sulcatus and family-group relationships. Zootaxa 3051: 14 - 40." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which establish a new standard for study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |