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<document id="BA43B5D82868ABB5685D414A3ED85F30" ID-CLB-Dataset="25796" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.29.877" ID-GBIF-Dataset="073a487c-13a6-42b1-8cb5-5376672ec2a6" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-20-23" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-20-23" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 29" ModsDocTitle="A review of New World Eurytenes s. str. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)" checkinTime="1451252513461" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Walker, Andrea K. &amp; Wharton, Robert A." docDate="2011" docId="F892C574788B0B3972243108BE5963E8" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 20: 23-46" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.29.877" docTitle="Eurytenes abnormis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="5B16D07AFFA17B3E4C1BFFD21E66FFB7" masterDocTitle="A review of New World Eurytenes s. str. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1732754722484" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="47282E40542F150FB0619C1A54343521">A review of New World Eurytenes s. str. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="61D5189FA03AD19BDE081E123131E6D7">Walker, Andrea K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E927B6B520461DB23E76F2D7B694D25F">Wharton, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="F892C574788B0B3972243108BE5963E8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F892C574788B0B3972243108BE5963E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F892C574788B0B3972243108BE5963E8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" scope_family="Braconidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="FDF1DEF1A36AED71328E8FADF0E41451" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D16467D90AB5D3D96D9866B997C7D2F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="398ACA3ABF5BED61A881EA1D51340A1B" ID-CoL="3D742" authority="Wesmael" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis (Wesmael)</taxonomicName>
Figs 48-1431
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70CF4B635257EFABD541BBA96B2A3364" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D37B3D6A7F041FB15CF2EB638FAC2B31" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="0A8CB5D1B48C58787B7150A255E28284" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Opius abnormis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="CC5917697883DE456B3EE5FD72AC65CF" author="Wesmael, C" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 252" title="Monographie des Braconides de Belgique." volume="9" year="1835">Wesmael 1835</bibRefCitation>
: 117. ♀♂ Syntypes in Brussels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5EA60A1029B91B0A12E4FF2867BF3106" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="E3029BBDEF5F343DDE38B370B34C3B77" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Opius abnormis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="BE21F79DFE6304029D0B0CBB684D9D86" author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="203 - 221" title="Essay on parasitic Hymenoptera." volume="4" year="1837">Haliday 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 204 (redescription, habitat);
<bibRefCitation id="BF22604529FDF2AAAC464828C4940D34" author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg 1848</bibRefCitation>
: 62 (diagnosis, hosts).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EBCD59F5F4726D86EE89B53F99832E79" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="16C731F8950BF80E593100B29C80F477" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="A4B3500BA83D145D1ADAF7B7F414F080" author="Foerster, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="225 - 288" title="Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconen." volume="19" year="1862">Foerster 1862</bibRefCitation>
: 259 (genus description in key, abnormis as type species);
<bibRefCitation id="254DFEE47F0A7FFDA05110F496C9ABEB" author="Taschenberg, EL" journalOrPublisher="Eduard Kummer, Leipzig" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands nach ihren Gattungen und theilweise nach ihren Arten als Wegweiser fuer angehende Hymenopterologen und gleichzeitig als Verzeichniss der Halle'schen Hymenopterenfauna." year="1866">Taschenberg 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 79, 87 (key, diagnosis);
<bibRefCitation id="A57A98C44291820CFCFC47FD50B269C6" author="Marshall, TA" journalOrPublisher="A. Napier, Entomological Society of London, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="A catalogue of British Hymenoptera: Chrysididae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae and Evaniidae." year="1872">Marshall 1872</bibRefCitation>
: 122 (British catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="DF43452560D747B17BB6186B84B0ED52" author="Marshall, TA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 61" title="A monograph of British Braconidae. Part IV." volume="11" year="1891">Marshall 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 16-17 (redescription, English);
<bibRefCitation id="ACD3B472F7BF8BE95D1BA580FE5F225B" author="Marshall, TA" editor="Andre, E" journalOrPublisher="Bouffaut Freres, Gray" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="280 - 359" title="Les braconides (suite), 10 e Tribu. Opiidae." volumeTitle="Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie." year="1894">Marshall 1894</bibRefCitation>
: 283-284, 291-292 (key, redescription, French);
<bibRefCitation id="635986DF333907A508515B6469C7C45F" author="Dalla Torre, CG" journalOrPublisher="G. Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum, IV. Braconidae." year="1898">Dalla Torre 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 67 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="FAE84B4BD3A3673C333A96F745B0618C" author="Szepligeti, GV" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 253" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconidae." volume="22" year="1904">
<normalizedToken id="1E1E16F194187F6551F240438C0D719A" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
1904
</bibRefCitation>
: 159, 163 (key, catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="2848433B5163C232C722213465BB5690" author="Niezabitowski, EL" journalOrPublisher="Sprawozdania Akademii Umiejetnosci w Krakowie" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="47 - 106" title="Materyaly do fauny Brakonidow Polski. Braconidae, zebrane w Galicyi." volume="44" year="1910">Niezabitowski 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 89 (distribution, brief characterization);
<bibRefCitation id="CDBD58E752AFD25586DE8B24591EA03E" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="248 - 250" title="Die europaeischen Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="33" year="1959">Fischer 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 248-250 (redescription, hosts);
<bibRefCitation id="67BEF45D68896727BB5DB7734B20A006" author="Fulmek, L" journalOrPublisher="Dr. W. Junk, The Haag" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Parasitinsekten der Blattminierer Europas." year="1962">Fulmek 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 47-50 (hosts);
<bibRefCitation id="5AA29CB647F5D2A76BB51E8732493046" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="3 - 212" title="Die Opiinae der nearktischen Region (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). II. Teil." volume="35" year="1965">Fischer 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 165-167 (redescription, North American distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="46459260F45E4C62E5979A386339A563" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 472-475 (monograph);
<bibRefCitation id="C498CF7C903087E39B45C619DC4798C6" author="Marsh, PM" editor="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="144 - 295" title="Family Braconidae" volumeTitle="Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico" year="1979">Marsh 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 202 (North American catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="382F1B51C8A8FB6C9BEF4151DEC19A9F" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="341 - 365" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, VII." volume="31" year="1985">Papp 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 344-345 (color variation, distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="8FBC1DCD11D294102B915F0BAAED2785" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Academia Nauk, Leningrad" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 100" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Identification of Insects of European USSR. Volume III, Part V." year="1986">Tobias and Jakimavicius 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 8, 96-98 (redescription in key, distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="2381A02627C4D4123F38127B73B87EE6" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="558 - 656" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East." year="1998">Tobias 1998</bibRefCitation>
(redescription in key, distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="11B567818A0798A6E2C62378DF18374B" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Yu et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
(electronic catalog).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEDC56BBE63303FDCD23F8A2A82AAD71" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="5F17C436A6C548A9A7E5842737F7AB37" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD6330CB1B235352CF6B201549FCE35E" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
♀♂, BELGIUM: vicinity of Brussels, v.18??, C. Wesmael (syntypes, Brussels). 1 ♀, ENGLAND: Sheffield, 16-17.viii.1991, R. Wharton (TAMU). 1 ♀, HUNGARY: Protected forest, 13.vi.1974,
<normalizedToken id="A194D550B38980500BC1EB072D671682" originalValue="Hámoriné">Hamorine</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<normalizedToken id="82F3E2EE36958E0E9A2553448686C845" originalValue="Marótiné">Marotine</normalizedToken>
(TAMU). IRELAND: 3 ♀, Co. Sligo, Trawalua,10.vii.1936 &amp; 2.viii.1938, A.W.Stelfox (USNM); 1 ♀, Co. Wicklow, Manor Kilbride, 19.vii.1950, A.W. Stelfox (USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35D2CCC3EDD58FC2906B6740F1571F1E" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D7AE77EADDF7464527FA57C193B43A8D" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="649C29B5F0DA4E580AFD4C06AEE84CE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="81AAEE7D90D613B63A1997717E439979" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
is most readily recognized by the pale coloration of the petiole and metasoma and is further distinguished from the four North American species described below by the narrower, more ventrally concave clypeus (Fig. 10). The petiole is narrower than in
<taxonomicName id="2F58E6CB4E5D2AADA710D394D48F26C9" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes dichromus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichromus">Eurytenes dichromus</taxonomicName>
, sp. n. and
<taxonomicName id="9D8BF5B83830F0CEF0962AFEBFCF180F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes microsomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsomus">Eurytenes microsomus</taxonomicName>
, sp. n. and is thus more similar in shape to the darker Mexican species described below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30820B6AFFD9F6F3F9972E95CBA826E1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="DBB138965F4A319320F00291F780D98D" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="379AF82074C02C6D1EA6EFFFB555534F" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">(♀). Length of body: 1.9-2.4 mm (m=2.2), length of fore wing 2.3-3.0 mm (m=2.7).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7945BD009C9BE87CB7FA7DC8644DB58" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
Head. 27-31 flagellomeres; first flagellomere length 4.0-5.0
<normalizedToken id="ADF5F4269F5DD5DA372EBE051CAA7C9A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width (m=4.4), fifteenth flagellomere length 2.0-3.5
<normalizedToken id="37AB36B44E6612983DD0211AD7FE6362" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width (m=2.9), fifth from last flagellomere length 2.2-3.0
<normalizedToken id="14DCB8DA4A4B556ECFC7C930C4129E5A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width (m=2.7). Face 1.4-1.7 (m=1.5)
<normalizedToken id="E9DF3A36773D2358EFB83E9C20F4E545" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than high. Clypeus broadly chevron-shaped, with ventral margin concave; 2.0-3.0 (m=2.5)
<normalizedToken id="DF4F1DA8CC1F157078973AFCC310DBF3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than high; 1.3-1.8 (m=1.5)
<normalizedToken id="2D00874D620E9C845BCDCC70C9F4EF15" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than distance between clypeus and eye. Mandible distinctly expanded over basal 0.3, with flange-like ventral carina. Gena relatively narrow (Fig. 8). Occipital carina dorsally extending about 0.6-0.7
<normalizedToken id="61E0FF7910ED99B33C639DD78420A61C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
distance from eye to nearest lateral ocellus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A48B0914FA8BFB815823C4C909C577AF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<pageBreakToken id="C1AF32DC323A5F3EB8A1584E949E38DA" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" start="start">Mesosoma</pageBreakToken>
. Posterior-ventral margin of lateral pronotum crenulate for most of length. Precoxal sulcus parallel-sided, narrowly crenulate along most of length, usually weakly impressed anteriorly, often extending very close to anterior margin of mesopleuron; precoxal sulcus inclined at a 35 degree angle. Notaulus distinctly impressed over anterior third of mesoscutal disc, crenulate over anterior 0.2-0.3; with cluster of short setae at
<pageBreakToken id="C018FD87F1BF70DA496E90AEA483136C" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">rugulose</pageBreakToken>
base of anterior declivity; with widely spaced line of 3-5 longer setae extending posteriorly towards but not usually reaching cluster of scattered setae around midpit. Propodeum with median carina present anteriorly, bifurcating near middle to form five-sided median areola over posterior 0.6, surface rugose laterally and posterior-medially, partly obscuring areola, but posterior-lateral fields largely smooth, as in Fig. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6665F9E5559C59FCF2DFC455C5706457" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<pageBreakToken id="9144A44C4FF92F7B50086FDBBDB77D1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
. Fore wing r-m tubular and pigmented only at extreme anterior end, otherwise unpigmented, with lateral boundaries often only weakly indicated; (RS+M)b absent, m-cu entering extreme base of second submarginal cell; 3M very weakly pigmented basally in available material, spectral over most of length. Hind wing m-cu varying from indistinct in smaller individuals to present as a spectral impression extending more than half way to wing margin in larger individuals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71F414C48BEEE84D9E1EF39315C0D4CB" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Legs. Hind tibia 7.5-9.3 (m=8.7)
<normalizedToken id="4AFCA6A35914130B27F1700BC8B4C174" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than maximum width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFBD4D41EEF93FDD79401DB5507BBAD7" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Metasoma. Petiole 1.9-2.2 (m=2.0)
<normalizedToken id="ADE5DC2592D5866D7B97665052E2010B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than apical width. Female ovipositor short but distinctly protruding, about 0.9
<normalizedToken id="91A8800705C542CA1C78E21FDE19EDAB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of mesosoma. Ovipositor sheath about 0.4
<normalizedToken id="102B16293A88628F1F4D1AF0927671C4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1155D2FBADB2009FABC2CE1A6989A8C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Color. Head and mesosoma dark reddish-brown to black. Scape, pedicel and first flagellomere yellow, antenna quickly darkening distally to dark brown; palps and tegula pale yellow; mandible and petiole tawny (darker yellow). Metasoma posteriad petiole usually bright yellow, sometimes with faint slight butterscotch banding to lighter brown banding. Hind femur and tibia darkening distally, femur transitioning from yellow to dark yellow or yellow-brown, tibia mostly infuscated, tarsi infuscated; legs otherwise yellow. Ovipositor sheath dark brown to black; ovipositor light brown throughout. Wings hyaline.</paragraph>
<caption id="93447FCC28AA740994DD408A6E1B8F94" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph id="102EB8AF0680F4DAEBDECAA34580BE32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Figures 4-7.
<taxonomicName id="E01D764E402DE0B1E4C51A4EFE673D7F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
spp., habitus. 4
<taxonomicName id="13B7CCA2148565FEFB5941CD35DEBF57" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
, female 5
<taxonomicName id="3070DEA817E4EB48E9AD1E586CF77D59" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes ormenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ormenus">Eurytenes ormenus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female 6
<taxonomicName id="92A66B2DD5180CBC8F1CE654622DA48A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes pachycephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachycephalus">Eurytenes pachycephalus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male 7
<taxonomicName id="DABA5FAAB47A6D20CCBAEC18C3782ACB" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes dichromus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichromus">Eurytenes dichromus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0A181E381E3DD70D9C38E24ACE112B1F" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph id="353463940CEE6B83E6362ED0B0F625C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Figures 8-14.
<taxonomicName id="EF7DFA39852FDACFDD141953C711C13A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
. 8 Head, lateral view 9 Mesosoma, lateral view, arrow = precoxal sulcus 10 Face 11 Propodeum, posterior view 12 Left fore and hind wing 13 Petiole, dorsal view, arrow = dorsope 14 Petiole, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D640A78EA79DE4C9E12FE254FE25E8DE" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="host records">
<paragraph id="DF81002851F09D5F33950FDEFF6066AC" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Host Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51CC1020844C3278FC2A7CBFEEAB5497" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<bibRefCitation id="89F4047DFFCB302F6847F760D5AA02CF" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="248 - 250" title="Die europaeischen Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="33" year="1959">Fischer (1959)</bibRefCitation>
listed 12 species of
<taxonomicName id="F3C642B0D3338059E6C77D2D0F6D2FD2" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
, one
<taxonomicName id="DAB79B29CAE5A267C68A5F8E49DCAF5A" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
, and one microlepidopteran as hosts but with no records of host plants. In this publication Fischer also noted that the anthomyiid and especially the microlepidopteran host (
<taxonomicName id="F77D83F9F903D896BC6FDF78F1D3DD17" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Coleophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleophora nigricella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricella">Coleophora nigricella</taxonomicName>
Rondani) need verification.
<bibRefCitation id="DFA38890CAC3477815BA0C941EEF7841" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 12" title="Die gezuechteten Opiinae der Sammlung Groschke (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="136" year="1964">Fischer (1964)</bibRefCitation>
added four more dipterans to the list and later (
<bibRefCitation id="BC0F5B865FF744D09BF9F4F05417C4FA" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Zoologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="65 - 88" title="Die von Dr. H. Buhr gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="56" year="1969 a">Fischer 1969a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EB78378119D352BB6F567253A9B1108C" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="369 - 380" title="Ueber die von Dr. J. T. Nowakowski aus Agromyzidae und Ephydridae gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="39" year="1969 b">b</bibRefCitation>
) provided additional records, including host plant information for nearly all of the known hosts. Nomenclatural updates for agromyzids and plant hosts from
<bibRefCitation id="75D57C2A95D7843C5C5B2215368EF56F" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer (1972)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="75C1B43489FB480972325499CC8FFC31" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Yu et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
are incorporated in the list of confirmed hosts given below, with additional updates from
<bibRefCitation id="DCC9717F3706D6BDDE4F01515DF17625" author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Zooelogisch Museum Amsterdam" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Bladmineerders van Europa / Leafminers of Europe." url="http://www.bladmineerders.nl/index.htm" year="2007">Ellis (2007)</bibRefCitation>
. Host plants for these 23 agromyzid hosts are split unevenly between monocots (8 fly species) and dicots (15 fly species). Four of the host fly species were reared from
<taxonomicName id="37C0AC42661EC15452980C5CA05FAEF0" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
and four from
<taxonomicName id="57F2925A268A5CFC7AFC6AB3C2A7D1E2" genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="065CF39DC0A80942477AF1F24A2D202A" genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="25CEB84A93198D840FA5E0A96D0F54D9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Circaeasteraceae" genus="Ranunculaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E9050E8CCF1A0AC8D4956C4D7E0053BD" genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
each harbored three host fly species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01BA3C0E491E3ED9264FE1B63ECD800A" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
The agromyzid host records found in (
<bibRefCitation id="EDA140A6D28F15C271A025342EA657DE" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 12" title="Die gezuechteten Opiinae der Sammlung Groschke (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="136" year="1964">Fischer (1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C660B713D1CAC696BB6C9F34290E3196" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Zoologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="65 - 88" title="Die von Dr. H. Buhr gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="56" year="1969 a">1969a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3978A0CC0D4BF8910E73E27EEA8237F3" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="369 - 380" title="Ueber die von Dr. J. T. Nowakowski aus Agromyzidae und Ephydridae gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="39" year="1969 b">b</bibRefCitation>
) have a relatively high degree of confidence because these records pertain to rearings by Buhr, Groschke, and Nowakowski, respectively. Fischer identified the
<taxonomicName id="8D1F09E9DF15AD86208699064FD8021C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
reared from these hosts (specimens in NHMW) and the hosts and host plants correspond well with information in
<bibRefCitation id="D717B21E4543EEADF434844C654F646B" author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Zooelogisch Museum Amsterdam" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Bladmineerders van Europa / Leafminers of Europe." url="http://www.bladmineerders.nl/index.htm" year="2007">Ellis (2007)</bibRefCitation>
. Earlier literature, and several compilations based on the earlier primary sources, are problematic, however, because of the potential for misidentification of the wasp and/or host fly, as well as the absence of voucher specimens. We follow
<bibRefCitation id="CA7127C384D278BA7BE89E569A515714" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="248 - 250" title="Die europaeischen Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="33" year="1959">Fischer (1959)</bibRefCitation>
and treat the published host records for
<taxonomicName id="C14401FC53A5E449837DA83FAEEE0F9C" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pegomya bicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Pegomya bicolor</taxonomicName>
(Wiedemann) (
<taxonomicName id="E75E26EBBEB007A86547B3503008AA26" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="AAE04AFB41658EE64F8B71BA9731FF97" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="D7DB1640C34A07431F6F5BD863428586" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Amauromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amauromyza verbasci" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verbasci">Amauromyza verbasci</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="DECD2B5C32064373ABB9331C56C22026" originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
) dating to
<bibRefCitation id="03D39CE370C8DAEE1661F713BEA25509" author="Bouche, PF" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaische Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Naturgeschichte der Insecten besonders in Hinsicht ihrer ersten Zustaende als Larven und Puppen." year="1834">
<normalizedToken id="9B529AFBE2075CD5F3032A394C84E53E" originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
(1834)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2E3F17AFA42EFA15EEEACB488843B54F" author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="BAF909A553E82E5015FBD3D4D450C711" author="Rondani, C" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="41 - 78" title="Degli insetti parassiti e delle loro vittime." volume="4" year="1872">Rondani (1872)</bibRefCitation>
as almost certainly erroneous and likely based on misidentification of the other opiines that routinely attack these hosts or possibly on misidentification of the host. Records of non-dipteran hosts are clearly erroneous since members of the
<taxonomicName id="2BA43FADBAE855590DAC792839942DD8" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opiinae">Opiinae</taxonomicName>
are all parasitoids of cyclorrhaphous
<taxonomicName id="3D0757573046001B3E705FF38094D418" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4D57B9B0630E3315BBBB9AE689552716" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="host: plant">
<paragraph id="307B372E6F4D4513C11F0C077CE367B0" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Host: Plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D73EB1AB81451935ECDB02979F80ECEE" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="6E7F8179FBE031507CDD628C5890756C" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza albitarsis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albitarsis">Agromyza albitarsis</taxonomicName>
Meigen: host plant for
<taxonomicName id="DB458286574F55A11338E2A74535E495" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded previously but since this fly is known to attack several trees in the family
<taxonomicName id="B8D9F6982CE3CED5C7162E136A9C08B8" genus="Salicaceae" lsidName="Salicaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
, the record may need to be verified;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DC5A99925156F5F870EF69EDD0646E7" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="ACD204F9BCC5E92C12004483707B49B5" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza woerzi" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woerzi">Agromyza woerzi</taxonomicName>
Groschke:
<taxonomicName id="36F2FF2516AE2CA30B5590CF483D0FBF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Knautia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Knautia arvensis" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">Knautia arvensis</taxonomicName>
(L.) Coult,
<taxonomicName id="732314104E0ACDFEEFBF774E59E3F712" genus="Caprifoliaceae" lsidName="Caprifoliaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Caprifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D142B3D0FF6EADF2EF680D1A392DA259" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="ACD8D452FCD562AFF29328B0C191D4E9" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Amauromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amauromyza labiatarum" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labiatarum">Amauromyza labiatarum</taxonomicName>
(Hendel):
<taxonomicName id="E4D5931E61E91E354DB528A47272A2A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Galeopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Galeopsis tetrahit" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetrahit">Galeopsis tetrahit</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="1D4214317D720EF8E9FF05E393169094" genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FE60AEA450477DAE760BE8E73458395" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="90DF9A1047DEFC7DFCF566605DA3998A" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Amauromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amauromyza lamii" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamii">Amauromyza lamii</taxonomicName>
(Kaltenbach):
<taxonomicName id="2C2E77E255FBDEE51CF369B410BE4A9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Lamiastrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lamiastrum galeobdolon" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galeobdolon">Lamiastrum galeobdolon</taxonomicName>
(L.),
<taxonomicName id="813E834450572B6D20FFD013D3CD6F3A" genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15236FDD76C101484018B627C2307E5" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="F5F2A808CCDEDC196E672098F85CE3E2" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha angulata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">Cerodontha angulata</taxonomicName>
(Loew):
<taxonomicName id="F449FBFBDD6064F099D93712363283B4" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex hirta" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">Carex hirta</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="2276847D87C7CD8BD167DB747814D46B" genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73CDECDA5657ECEE132883236F66A0CC" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4118269F3F41D126984D1D4FB07DD544" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha caricivora" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricivora">Cerodontha caricivora</taxonomicName>
(Groschke):
<taxonomicName id="E1BE025461521B8548A8BE955547F3BD" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex hirta" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">Carex hirta</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="2AE6A14191DE333D5EA7B430E3B05438" genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="398F2D5370D98B4940C60BC2CCB20F46" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="2C948407F82378ACD56EDCB3191FAF4D" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha eucaricis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucaricis">Cerodontha eucaricis</taxonomicName>
Nowakowski:
<taxonomicName id="B3AFC173BB0B5605D651E01A191F05A9" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex hirta" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">Carex hirta</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="9867D85F4B09F173E83024472B5EC099" genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5F5A47576A381D57C1FE8D9F0F29F08" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="9521237E578FA051BF36F06782F15F22" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha flavocingulata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavocingulata">Cerodontha flavocingulata</taxonomicName>
(Strobl):
<taxonomicName id="E109C2BD650503401DBAD4C47EC0C4C1" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca pratensis" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Festuca pratensis</taxonomicName>
Huds. (=
<taxonomicName id="A9EAED55FF41F75D1EB52AD0FE1154B1" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lolium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lolium pratense" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratense">Lolium pratense</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="0ACD48CA2945D4539D0A82E3CF9AA1C3" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Holcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Holcus lanatus" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanatus">Holcus lanatus</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="87384C9065C1E99EA2F392C3857A48B3" genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75C721B2EC37A0BA6CFD163A2E59F7EA" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="8CBDF78DAB52D1AB59703336CE33200C" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha incisa" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisa">Cerodontha incisa</taxonomicName>
(Meigen):
<taxonomicName id="F58C3A9ACD7086D9C9326E82EBE42A5D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Alopecurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alopecurus pratensis" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Alopecurus pratensis</taxonomicName>
L. and
<taxonomicName id="8C4D5A56B462AD3D37157E14C85951F8" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phleum pretense" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pretense">Phleum pretense</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="302B0B32A1596DE70AA585E814807CE0" genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49CA319E7E142DD0EB5B8C773AE7B1DF" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="EC95E32B7C337109995533BF92120837" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha iraeos" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iraeos">Cerodontha iraeos</taxonomicName>
(Robineau-Desvoidy):
<taxonomicName id="380E2AB87FCB1E38907303DD0C832E32" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Iris pseudacorus" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudacorus">Iris pseudacorus</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="DE067CB88A23DF6BFAF1D4413B72E379" genus="Iridaceae" lsidName="Iridaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Iridaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2D4088F99B09D3FB8742069B9450447" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="6C7453FFB43C515A7E83554550AD026D" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha pygmaea" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Cerodontha pygmaea</taxonomicName>
(Meigen):
<taxonomicName id="F5A5CDA71044AD3C578364177584E92D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dactylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dactylis glomerata" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">Dactylis glomerata</taxonomicName>
L. and
<taxonomicName id="F9F3439C928A525E051627FBE45448E4" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Deschampsia cespitosa" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cespitosa">Deschampsia cespitosa</taxonomicName>
(L.),
<taxonomicName id="0FBC6B1114DF98AD0AFC6AF87D9DA78D" genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2522E6162B192053676297A6B1C55312" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="14F774675B45ABD53DA0646D12C1B27D" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza balcanica" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanica">Liriomyza balcanica</taxonomicName>
(Strobl): host plant for
<taxonomicName id="88973C57FE04FF87F8780554E07272EA" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
has not been previously recorded but this fly is known to attack members of the
<taxonomicName id="4BBC58C53C27C351A8B9B162A4B82D60" genus="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="Euphorbiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7744192CDE78A3CDA568889A34316274" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="17E5A0C4E4B42FB4B24A2783A8B4E8BE" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza demeijerei" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demeijerei">Liriomyza demeijerei</taxonomicName>
Hering:
<taxonomicName id="35E4D1BA18C42E9F31F0754C2A7F2B2B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia vulgaris" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Artemisia vulgaris</taxonomicName>
(L.),
<taxonomicName id="62ABB176131F6E212833797C9D14D41C" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3166B2FB656342311221463C84D0C257" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="3F8B945BE02835E7D8614430BA3164D8" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza eupatoriana" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupatoriana">Liriomyza eupatoriana</taxonomicName>
Spencer:
<taxonomicName id="B256BC372900A990610C6CECBFD5DA64" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium cannabinum" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cannabinum">Eupatorium cannabinum</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4E39445F15AC5B1785F440F2D0277202" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D451E7C818715BA746A864FF7C8693D" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="5980FFD392270620BB6B1CC1D1A1053A" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza flaveola" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaveola">Liriomyza flaveola</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="1CBC8713F3EE088DC13CE2D1CD670572" originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
):
<taxonomicName id="5035011CA02A6FB68D4A747EB9B563A8" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca pratensis" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Festuca pratensis</taxonomicName>
Huds.,
<taxonomicName id="B3331F683944C06BF9CC74828B9FA081" genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D050B23F06F3FB425B5DD7841C52D9D" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="CD16F224F164D5F1C4CF76380A44791D" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza scorzonerae" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scorzonerae">Liriomyza scorzonerae</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="6E5DFB145402A2C2FD43DF57FBD1F947" originalValue="Rydén">Ryden</normalizedToken>
:
<taxonomicName id="E0D531D48C35A91E5B5E8ED5A6883FA4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Scorzonera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scorzonera humilis" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Scorzonera humilis</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="8EC21E642E2A8BD90C0BA7412AA0276D" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8764C217CC47BBCF7474685713E812A" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="E89907D08803AC0E711A4F8DD9744BC4" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytoliriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytoliriomyza variegata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Phytoliriomyza variegata</taxonomicName>
(Meigen): host plant for
<taxonomicName id="D1D2EB2748D2D9C6926E6087231FD7E0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
has not been previously previously but this fly is known to attack members of the
<taxonomicName id="23A8BA57E0B2E5DDEAC809DA7F05A845" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA56F7A64F90F3015777E9A727AC6C10" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="6E94DA2894D8838C4539F8EC17E02FBA" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza abdominalis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">Phytomyza abdominalis</taxonomicName>
Zetterstedt:
<taxonomicName id="8A58947C70B254DCE1539731B3F121FB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Hepatica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hepatica nobilis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">Hepatica nobilis</taxonomicName>
Mill.,
<taxonomicName id="278418AE3A7FF4F6FF1921CA7AA38972" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Circaeasteraceae" genus="Ranunculaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD8AC61F817B4F84B6F023B312D3C831" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="630AAE896CA4AF2203BF6AF74ACD8A15" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza albimargo" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albimargo">Phytomyza albimargo</taxonomicName>
Hering: host plant for
<taxonomicName id="085B5F150EC6F002E3DB90B2DE5B7AEE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded previously but this fly is known to attack
<taxonomicName id="300E5A8623C2E0E1C25CC0A818832185" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Anemone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anemone" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anemone</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="2A66B174EC0D0F542DF1CD66A5FDBC6D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Circaeasteraceae" genus="Ranunculaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18BA659E1B5A7C652221DE052D5B3DB2" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="BDDA85540F7BF6886804427381E4C24C" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza fallaciosa" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallaciosa">Phytomyza fallaciosa</taxonomicName>
Brischke:
<taxonomicName id="605D2BEAC47D15DED36E3B5D86272278" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculus repens" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">Ranunculus repens</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="23E6D44D3AED17D5618BC2A2133C77DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Circaeasteraceae" genus="Ranunculaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E5EAAA0455A17107DF7A16279BEB678" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="AE21C9F4F2025CB3F343609E7179B580" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza obscura" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Phytomyza obscura</taxonomicName>
Hendel:
<taxonomicName id="5620930F05C1C7F04BF1E1678CC844F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinopodium vulgare" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">Clinopodium vulgare</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="A4F5894F3D2288FAA8E3A9AC84A82D0A" genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABED629548B4AC3D523C3291F2833499" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="CB073752B98832F687BDC5644CAF8B0F" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza pulmonariae" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulmonariae">Phytomyza pulmonariae</taxonomicName>
Nowakowski:
<taxonomicName id="56E2FF9A52ECB619558BB41B3A95337B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pulmonaria angustifolia" order="Boraginales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Pulmonaria angustifolia</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="DDA5CA597650D0877271FA6F95A04D44" genus="Boraginaceae" lsidName="Boraginaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFD85B8E9E67CDA56C909488ABCE57CD" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="922D1EA41E7A5937A98D183C9900CDD8" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza senecionis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senecionis">Phytomyza senecionis</taxonomicName>
Kaltenbach:
<taxonomicName id="BD4B99DD9AEE2D9BFF255DE3CBF7B5CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio nemorensis subsp. fuchsii" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nemorensis" subSpecies="fuchsii">Senecio nemorensis fuchsii</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="9078CFCCEFFCFD54E94045BD0C0D03CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio fuchsii" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuchsii">Senecio fuchsii</taxonomicName>
Celak),
<taxonomicName id="9C4A3BEC7BA214E6A275E6F3949AEA99" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA415741FFC5720CA3FFB5211B0F7852" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A65BD21591854D3D5229697DD4CC1C08" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F96EFC34ACB5287DA30BC8CD19DF11F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Previously recorded from throughout most of Europe (specifically Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, England, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, western Russia as far as the Urals, and Ukraine). Also recorded from eastern Palaearctic (Korea and Sakhalin Island), central to eastern Canada (Ontario, Saskatchewan) and USA (Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Carolina). Specific references to individual records can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="D46BB19CB30306BE86903D743FF8ED88" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Yu et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
for the most part; the record from the Urals is from
<bibRefCitation id="403BBDDB141415FE0ED3D3D46FE74FCD" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Academia Nauk, Leningrad" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 100" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Identification of Insects of European USSR. Volume III, Part V." year="1986">Tobias and Jakimavicius (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="DEB12FAF307F8885A7C8B93DA9A9E9F4" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Anzeiger der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="12 - 32" title="Die nearktischen Opiinae der Sammlung der Cornell University, Department of Entomology and Limnology, in Ithaca, New York (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="1970" year="1970">Fischer (1970)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="7A16BD570FBF1AD9D931F7382D042630" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
from Montana; however, the specimen on which it is based was collected in Missouri (label information only indicated the state as Mo.). The records from Sakhalin (
<bibRefCitation id="999EE159D5D7364B5DEAB6E1EE52E270" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="558 - 656" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East." year="1998">Tobias 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and Korea (
<bibRefCitation id="E49DF3C2DB1146C6937EEF1BE6397FB3" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="341 - 365" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, VII." volume="31" year="1985">Papp 1985</bibRefCitation>
) may need to be verified in light of other species described from that general region. The specimens we have examined
<pageBreakToken id="0FC4608478F76AFB3E333E4D091BC243" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
Taiwan and the Kuril Islands differ in wing venation, body coloration, and sculpture from typical
<taxonomicName id="B93A67DF417CBBD5A689FCBF3B415FB0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="D8C015EA955AA84E552ED486D6A957B0" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="341 - 365" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, VII." volume="31" year="1985">Papp (1985)</bibRefCitation>
also noted the darker coloration of the petiole of his Korean specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8B85E23CEA8228FF2656C00979C74C8" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="comments">
<paragraph id="2D278819749B9B660DDFEFEB04E891D1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDAD5A2E2D820914D4108A0AA8D78145" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<bibRefCitation id="376CAF6563F87667F5EC1165AFD6B370" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer (1972)</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="BBE56548D441D73348228115C1D2F868" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius paradoxus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Opius paradoxus</taxonomicName>
Ratzeburg, 1848 as a nomen nudum, while
<bibRefCitation id="21CBCEE476E41F12DEC602AA2B4BFAE2" author="Dalla Torre, CG" journalOrPublisher="G. Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum, IV. Braconidae." year="1898">Dalla Torre (1898)</bibRefCitation>
listed it with a query as a synonym under
<taxonomicName id="7CC819D67D73D783AA729922AB1150D0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
, undoubtedly following
<bibRefCitation id="6135526B568CB25BDBD6B97379C63EE1" author="Marshall, TA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 61" title="A monograph of British Braconidae. Part IV." volume="11" year="1891">Marshall (1891)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C8C9F3D8EE06D58092C35DAF60018BC9" author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
, in his treatment of
<taxonomicName id="BD3931849E5FDD099DA45FB5F0350065" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
, separated abnormis from all other species on the basis of the wing venation features that we now use to define
<taxonomicName id="2DCD66638850D0A14E6E2878394371AC" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
s. str.
<bibRefCitation id="94EB576C459E894CAA0200DD86C1717E" author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
initially states that only a single species, abnormis, belongs to the section of
<taxonomicName id="529536192C1D44757709912903F70339" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
with the radius arising from the base of the stigma. In the following sentence, however, Ratzeburg introduces the name paradoxus, indicating that it also should be placed here. Though this can be interpreted to mean that Ratzeburg was treating paradoxus as a synonym of abnormis, nevertheless he also mentioned body coloration (dark) and clypeal characters (lack of opening between clypeus and mandibles) that differ from typical abnormis. Ratzeburg referred to
<normalizedToken id="BFA10EDA3953CC897675107E9C50F1C0" originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
throughout when discussing paradoxus and abnormis, and at the end of his treatment gives information on a more typical pale specimen of abnormis reared by
<normalizedToken id="37EF9B3894614D36B565C32C34B9DFBC" originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
. Whether intentional or otherwise, it would appear that
<bibRefCitation id="E0D5900895E36158F1375C095693F130" author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
did provide a valid description of paradoxus with two characters that could be used to differentiate it from abnormis. However, his text could just as easily be interpreted to mean that paradoxus is invalid since it was first proposed as a synonym of abnormis. We prefer the latter interpretation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="472A98A3E3B785BB2615422186069FED" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<bibRefCitation id="71DA79E42EAAA6FF40295B42C4A47C4B" author="Wu, Q" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="225 - 232" title="Four new species of the genus Eurytenes Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) from China." volume="16" year="2006">Wu and Chen (2006)</bibRefCitation>
were the first to use morphological features other than color for discriminating between species of
<taxonomicName id="5245992DDDEEB48045A6B224EF6A6161" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
s. str. They used propodeal sculpture and the extent of the precoxal sulcus to differentiate their newly described
<taxonomicName id="ED22FD2B95DBE04D0F83AFB9D9849345" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes basinervis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basinervis">Eurytenes basinervis</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="BBB941DD3527C3337E0D4319B87B2B9F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes orientalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Eurytenes orientalis</taxonomicName>
. Previously, (
<bibRefCitation id="0507C79FD557D91C2FE612FA46241514" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Dr. W. Junk, The Haag" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Revision der indo-australischen Opiinae." year="1966">Fischer (1966</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="13DF0A52036012C3408245C46D37F281" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="21 - 51" title="Neue taxonomische Untersuchungen ueber Madenwespen der Alten Welt mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattungen Eurytenes Foerster, Aulonotus Ashmead, Biosteres Foerster und der Untergattung Gastrosema Fischer (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Opiinae)." volume="30" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
) used only color differences to distinguish between
<taxonomicName id="6EFB4D96A57F79B7D30DAD2E95A18F0C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes orientalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Eurytenes orientalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="77FE0B17433F23B96ECE627FE58BB408" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
. We have noted differences among species in the shape of the clypeus, but the appearance of the ventral margin of the clypeus changes with angle of view, and the differences are subtle. All species appear to have a concave ventral margin if the ventral part of the head is strongly rotated anteriorly. When placed in the same plane of view, however, the clypeus of the New World species described here is more truncate ventrally than that of
<taxonomicName id="1674CFF2A4BDF26A71FA20500C0E81B1" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="53B67625FE18DC501FF7E6F46AA1A7B6" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
In addition to specimens listed in the material examined section above, two specimens from Poland and one from Germany (NHMW) were also briefly examined; data for these specimens were previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="0CD6E71E1C15BC26101EB867B23B1A99" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Zoologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="65 - 88" title="Die von Dr. H. Buhr gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="56" year="1969 a">Fischer (1969a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F6AD45646FBE39001E578D9492622E8" author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="369 - 380" title="Ueber die von Dr. J. T. Nowakowski aus Agromyzidae und Ephydridae gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="39" year="1969 b">b</bibRefCitation>
). In our summary of references above, we have not included several papers that provide only distribution information. These can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="B65D1303D0A4EE125B8640C40E85E341" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Yu et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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