161 lines
20 KiB
XML
161 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F743262F4339AD45468CB10B636C0638">Sponges associated with octocorals in the Indo-Pacific, with the description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3ABB052CE3B49F295CBD7803F6B8CFDD">Calcinai, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AAC811841B7534A42FFE23A8D94D8AFC">Bavestrello, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="35212CF506F2CDA09CF9AE46A4184FF8">Bertolino, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="309C0DD58E0F4432A0A8595DB651E2C6">Pica, Daniela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C576FEF4052CD4DF01DCA9E5B57ACBF">Wagner, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1BE35E65D6251A713D49D1F5E58B0774">Cerrano, Carlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="206C1694D7063C5FA8CA58823E28587F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="2EE503F5E4CAC6CCE0B4F8A26A1B7E55">3617</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="504CA90E78478FDDA514943DAA67E267" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3617.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B7DE6C8A20F878FF38C600FD0EC243" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6156069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6156069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7DE6C8A20F878FF38C600FD0EC243" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7DE6C8A20F878FF38C600FD0EC243" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C3043CF18A20F878FF38C600FED7C14E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF38C600FD11C16D" blockId="15.[151,728,994,1122]" box="[151,728,1063,1089]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0E9D8168A20F878FF38C600FD11C16D" bold="true" box="[151,728,1063,1089]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A20F878FF38C600FD11C16D" ID-CoL="43ZYH" authority="Burton & Rao, 1932" authorityName="Burton & Rao" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,728,1063,1089]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Monanchora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="enigmatica">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FF38C600FD11C16D" bold="true" box="[151,728,1063,1089]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FF38C600FE08C16D" bold="true" box="[151,449,1063,1089]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Monanchora enigmatica</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A20F878FE7EC600FD19C16D" author="Burton" box="[465,720,1063,1089]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Burton, M. & Rao, H. (1932) Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum. Part I. Records of the Indian Museum, 34, 299 - 358." type="journal article" year="1932">Burton & Rao, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF38C66DFED7C14E" blockId="15.[151,728,994,1122]" box="[151,286,1098,1122]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FF30C66DFF28C14E" box="[159,225,1098,1122]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3043CF18A20F878FF38C6B5FD0EC243" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF38C6B5FA42C186" blockId="15.[151,1436,1170,1903]" box="[151,1419,1170,1195]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Examined material. Sample Bugor 410 (bis1):
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<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A20F878FD0DC6B5FCDBC186" box="[674,786,1170,1194]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, North Sulawesi, Siladen
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<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A20F878FB9CC6B5FBB3C186" box="[1075,1146,1170,1194]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A20F878FB29C6B5FB09C186" box="[1158,1216,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA049BA8A20F878FB63C6B5FA4EC186" box="[1228,1415,1170,1194]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2007-09">September 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C690FB0CC036" blockId="15.[151,1436,1170,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Description. Fleshy, thin sponge, about
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A20F878FD21C690FD1BC1E3" box="[654,722,1207,1231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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thick, covering the body wall of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A20F878FBFCC69FFB24C1FC" box="[1107,1261,1208,1232]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FBFCC69FFB24C1FC" box="[1107,1261,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Carijoa riisei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FB51C690FA8DC1E3" box="[1278,1348,1207,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A). The sample occurs on two fragments of the octocoral, about
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A20F878FC99C6FAFCB8C1D9" box="[822,881,1245,1269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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in length, which are branched and covered by additional epibionts (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FE2BC725FE0EC036" box="[388,455,1282,1306]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A). Macroscopically smooth surface, yellowish in ethanol (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FBF1C725FB68C036" box="[1118,1185,1282,1306]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C700FCC5C0A6" blockId="15.[151,1436,1170,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Skeleton. Without a definite ectosome. Choanosomal skeleton of multispicular tracts of strongyles, partially embedded in spongin, running towards the surface, and interconnecting, in a confused way, in the interior parts (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FF30C755FF2AC0A6" box="[159,227,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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B). These tracts are echinated by styles (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FD09C755FD23C0A6" box="[678,746,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C7B0FE33C0D6" blockId="15.[151,1436,1170,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Spicules. Strongyles straight (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FDBAC7B0FD91C083" box="[533,600,1431,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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D), 172.5 – (186.8 ± 9.8) – 207.5
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<date id="FFA049BA8A20F878FC7EC7BFFC3AC083" box="[977,1011,1431,1455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">x 2</date>
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– (2.5 ± 0.3) – 2.5 μm. Styles slightly constricted beneath the rounded extremity and with a pointed tip (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FCD8C79AFC73C0F9" box="[887,954,1469,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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E), 77.5 – (140 ± 25.4) – 162 x 2.5 – (6.3 ± 1.8) – 7.5 μm. No microscleres.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C420FD0EC243" blockId="15.[151,1436,1170,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Distribution and remarks. This is a new record for the Indonesian Archipelago and the second after its original description from the
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<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A20F878FE2DC40AFDFEC369" box="[386,567,1581,1605]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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. In his revision of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A20F878FCA6C40AFBBAC369" authority="van Soest (2002c)" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="2002" box="[777,1139,1581,1605]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Monanchora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FCA6C40AFC53C369" box="[777,922,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Monanchora</emphasis>
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, van
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A20F878FC77C40AFBBAC369" author="Soest" box="[984,1139,1581,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (2002 c) Family Crambeidae Levi, 1963. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 547 - 555. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 58" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="c">Soest (2002c)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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stated that the assignment to this genus is uncertain for species having only reduced and modified megascleres. This is the case for
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A20F878FAD2C473FEDAC3BC" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Monanchora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="enigmatica">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FAD2C473FEDAC3BC" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. enigmatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which lacks microscleres and possesses modified megascleres (strongyles). Nevertheless the species is well characterised by its spicular complement of strongyles and styles with a characteristic “constricted neck” (177.2 x 2.6 and 128.9 x 5.6 μm, respectively) and by a “plumose dendritric skeleton of bundles of thin strongyles” echinated by styles (van
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A20F878FE05C4C0FDFFC3D3" author="Soest" box="[426,566,1767,1791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (2002 c) Family Crambeidae Levi, 1963. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 547 - 555. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 58" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="c">Soest 2002c</bibRefCitation>
|
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). The skeleton arrangement previously described (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FBC8C4C0FB63C3D3" box="[1127,1194,1767,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C) and the spicular features of our specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FE12C52AFE36C209" box="[445,511,1805,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1451]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Monanchora enigmatica (Burton & Rao, 1932). A, Sponge covering two fragments of Carijoa riisei; B, Choanosomal tracts running towards the surface; C, Tracts of strongyles echinated by styles; D, Strongyle; E, Style and close up of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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||
D–F) fit with those of the Indian species of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A20F878FC41C529FB2BC209" author="Burton" box="[1006,1250,1805,1829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Burton, M. & Rao, H. (1932) Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum. Part I. Records of the Indian Museum, 34, 299 - 358." type="journal article" year="1932">Burton & Rao (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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, re-described by van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A20F878FF69C515FEAAC266" author="Soest" box="[198,355,1842,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (2002 c) Family Crambeidae Levi, 1963. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 547 - 555. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 58" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="c">Soest (2002c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species was also recorded in massive form, incorporating and overgrowing vermetid tubes, close to the sampling locality (B.C. pers. observ.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |