treatments-xml/data/FC/07/83/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139101010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>112</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1911101</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
14. 
<taxonomicName LSID="B4823803-BE9C-555C-884B-20DB5FC26B1F" authority="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 22. Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, b Seidel &amp; Schulte 2265)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245314" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 23. a, b Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, d Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e-g C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h-j C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, l C. oblongum R. E. Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m-o C. osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 23</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 6" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Map 6. Distribution of Cremastosperma confusum Pirie, C. leiophyllum R. E. Fr.; and C. oblongum R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245306" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 328. 1931.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria leiophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophylla">Guatteria leiophylla</taxonomicName>
Diels, 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
Novae. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 77. 1931. Non (Donn. Smith) Saff.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
BOLIVIA, La Paz: Mapiri, San Carlos, 850 m a.s.l., 2 Dec 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Buchtien, O. 705</emphasis>
(holotype: B! [B 10 0242369]; isotypes: HBG, MO! [MO-0477531], S! [S-R-7017], US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Annona nitida" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Annona nitida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav., Anales Instit. Bot. Cavanilles 17: 429, t. 488. 1959. Non Martius (1841), nom. nud.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. F. Macbride" authorityYear="1929" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria rusbyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rusbyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatteria rusbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot Ser. 4: 171. 1929.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria lucida" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatteria lucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 245. 1927. Non C. Presl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
BOLIVIA, Beni: Covendo 630 m a.s.l., 26 Aug 1921. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">White, O.E. 913</emphasis>
(holotype: NY! [NY00026024]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shrub</emphasis>
or 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">tree</emphasis>
3-20 m tall, 3-18 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 4-12 by 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3(–">-3(-</normalizedToken>
4) mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 12-28 by 4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–9(–">-9(-</normalizedToken>
12) cm (index 2-3.9), chartaceous, often green or greenish-brown above and below, more greyish above with darker or reddish veins, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 7-13, intersecondary veins 1-6, distance between from 14-24 mm at the base to 10-25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, not branching forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4(–">-4(-</normalizedToken>
6) mm, tertiary veins percurrent. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 4, on older, leafless twigs; peduncles 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 2-4 by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden &lt;0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; pedicels 18-34 by 1-1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 18 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–34(–">-34(-</normalizedToken>
43) by 1-3 mm (in fruit), glabrous; 1-3 lower bracts, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, glabrous; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, ovate to broadly so, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green maturing to yellow or creamy yellow 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, dark yellow, reddish-brown or dark brown 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
; sepals free, very broadly ovate-triangular, recurved, 2-3 by 2-3 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals elliptic, 12-15 by 8-11 mm, rounded, inner petals elliptic, 13-15 by 6-8 mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., pinkish 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, stamens 1.4-1.8 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels 2-2.2 mm long, glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
, stipes and receptacle glabrous, monocarps 6-30, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 14-17 by 8-9 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange-red and red 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, black (reddish-brown when immature) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, with an excentric apicule; stipes 16-26 by 1-1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-9 mm diam. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid, light brown, pitted ca. 12 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mostly in primary wet or moist forest, also in mildly disturbed areas, often on slopes or terraces, on sandstone soils. At elevations of 200-1000 m. Flowering: February, May, July through September, November and December; fruiting: February through August, November and December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Chocolatillo (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Meneces &amp; Terceros 395</emphasis>
), Chocolatillo Negro (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.N. Smith et al. 14006, 14058</emphasis>
), Eye (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Youras; Naessany 106</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quií-quií">Quii-quii</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hinojosa &amp; Seidel 1313</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most southerly distributed species of the genus and. of the two found in Bolivia, the only endemic. Bud development in 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is open (as opposed to that of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It most closely resembles 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. spec B</emphasis>
(which is not found in Bolivia), from which it can best be distinguished by the characteristic shape (asymmetrical, the stipes thickening somewhat where they meet the monocarps) and colour (blackish) of the mature fruits when dried.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although a regional endemic, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected regularly over a faily broad area of Bolivia including two national parks. Least concern [LC] (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BOLIVIA. Beni</emphasis>
: Serrania del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pilón">Pilon</normalizedToken>
Lajas, Yucumo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.25">15°15'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.0">67°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 850-900 m a.s.l., 3 May 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Killeen et al. 3080</emphasis>
(USZ); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pilón">Pilon</normalizedToken>
Lajas, Yucumo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.216666">15°13'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.05">67°03'W</geoCoordinate>
, 760-870 m a.s.l., 19 May 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.N. Smith et al. 13253</emphasis>
(LPB, MO, U, USZ). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cochabamba</emphasis>
: Puerto Aurora, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
del Chapare, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.833334">16°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.166664">65°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Jun 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Naessany 106</emphasis>
(LPB, U); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Blanco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.2">17°12'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.416664">64°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 240 m a.s.l., 31 May 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seidel 3543</emphasis>
(LPB). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">La Paz</emphasis>
: San Carlos, Sarampiuni, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.0">13°00'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.0">65°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m a.s.l., 12 Mar 1927, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Buchtien 706</emphasis>
(B, S); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Quiquibey, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.483334">15°29'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.066666">67°04'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1000 m a.s.l., 11 Nov 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M.A. Lewis 37979</emphasis>
(MO, U); Alto Beni, Santa Ana, 15°37'S, 67°25'W, 500 m a.s.l., 28 Jun 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seidel et al. 2878</emphasis>
(LPB, U); Consata, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.333333">15°20'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.51667">68°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1300 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1981, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solomon et al. 6606</emphasis>
(LPB, MO, U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pando</emphasis>
: Campamento Gomero Pingo de Oro, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-11.526667">11°31'36&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-69.10305">69°06'11&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Oct 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paniagua 2119</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Santa Cruz</emphasis>
: Velasco, N of Puerto Frey, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-14.663889">14°39'50&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-61.15917">61°09'33&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 210 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.F. Foster 230</emphasis>
(WAG); Ayacucho Forest Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.0">17°00'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.0">63°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 240 m a.s.l., 14 Apr 1976, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Meneces</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terceros 395</emphasis>
(MO, NY); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Choré">Chore</normalizedToken>
Forest Reserve, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Ibabo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.583334">16°35'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.51667">64°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 180 m a.s.l., 16 Aug 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neill</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quevedo 9334</emphasis>
(LPB, MO, U, USZ); Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.55">17°33'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.733334">63°44'W</geoCoordinate>
, 360 m a.s.l., 15 Nov 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I.G. Vargas et al. 1113</emphasis>
(F, LPB, NY, USZ).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911229" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245314" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F27">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
fruiting specimen 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, b</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seidel &amp; Schulte 2265</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911239" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F28">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pirie et al. 2</emphasis>
; photo LWC) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c, d</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma megalophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma megalophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 8595</emphasis>
, photo PJMM) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="e–g">e-g</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 6281</emphasis>
; photo PJMM) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">f, g</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al 8222</emphasis>
; photo PJMM) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="h–j">h-j</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rusby) R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">h</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">i</emphasis>
leaves 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">j</emphasis>
flower bud (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pirie et al. 5</emphasis>
; photos LWC) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">k, l</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. oblongum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="oblongum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. oblongum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">k</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">l</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 9148</emphasis>
; photos PJMM) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="m–o">m-o</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. osicola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="osicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. osicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">m</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">o</emphasis>
leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>