215 lines
24 KiB
XML
215 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="DE82F56AE3A1D3117F8A431BA155DC5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="3398" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5714564" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714564" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633636969730" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="FC03440BFFE6FF87EA934917FAB6F695" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Viverridae_0174.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Viverra tangalunga Gray 1832" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="003A3C73FFE2FF82EF1B4367FFD3FFCB" masterDocTitle="Viverridae" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="174" pageNumber="178" updateTime="1699458846273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="74793232D78710EDF21A25D5B34EDF51">Viverridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7539EC6867DD610427B6CF0B50A15506">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="19D6DCCA164B133D3BFA156EF8BE3690" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8266E3E6D92BAE838675F7E0F253BC52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="87545E31873A6720E2302066F7647D8C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F430E5F9CE8E3010AAE54982DB5E04AF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="7ABF26E15BA46DAEDBD4E2355321AB51">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="677DCBE54EF2B12A63A43BB3B2D94D86" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="1017FEB64734C7BD1F0A7501AF587F2C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="5CD95487139367111AE24B0E9E548F66">
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<mods:placeTerm id="F34398F08518314B05CB242FE25327DB">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="47FA782D1583A816747107A1E6582A5D">
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<mods:title id="8040C5077FAA41F5D01D876FFB09F9A0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2B0D8F36A636D34735C105312D32CB1E">
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<mods:start id="587FDECB005893BF0F5BD297586EDD09">174</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="406FE63BC1BE7A4E1B0188826D6694F8">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9C39DE502289E39B5CE7344A1344214A" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FC03440BFFE6FF87EA934917FAB6F695" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190309752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC03440BFFE6FF87EA934917FAB6F695" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC03440BFFE6FF87EA934917FAB6F695" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA934917FA7BF551" box="[1416,1448,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA934917FA7BF551" blockId="4.[1414,2250,2672,2755]" box="[1416,1448,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EA934917FA7BF551" box="[1416,1448,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<figureCitation id="EC91E998FFE6FF86EA934917FA7BF551" box="[1416,1448,2672,2714]" captionStart="Plate 12: Viverridae" captionStartId="2.[142,172,3439,3460]" captionTargetBox="[11,2786,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica), 2. African Civet (Civettictis civetta), 3. Malabar Civet (Viverra civettina), 4. Large-spotted Civet (Viverra megaspila), 5. Malay Civet (Viverra tangalunga), 6. Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">5.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EAA24917F97BF551" box="[1465,1704,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EAA24917F97BF551" blockId="4.[1414,2250,2672,2755]" box="[1465,1704,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EAA24917F97BF551" box="[1465,1704,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EAA24917F97BF551" box="[1465,1704,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malay Civet</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E9A14917F7FAF551" box="[1722,2089,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E9A14917F7FAF551" blockId="4.[1414,2250,2672,2755]" box="[1722,2089,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86E9A14917F7FAF551" box="[1722,2089,2672,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E9A14917F7FAF551" ID-CoL="7FT8X" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[1722,2089,2672,2714]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tangalunga">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E9A14917F7FAF551" box="[1722,2089,2672,2714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Viverra tangalunga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9C49CCF71AF50B" box="[1415,2249,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9C49CCF71AF50B" blockId="4.[1414,2250,2672,2755]" box="[1415,2249,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EA9C49CCF71AF50B" box="[1415,2249,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9C49CCFA07F50B" bold="true" box="[1415,1492,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EAC649CCF9A5F50B" box="[1501,1654,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Civette malaise</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E99049CCF935F50B" bold="true" box="[1675,1766,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86E9EB49CCF815F50B" box="[1776,1990,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malaiische Zibetkatze</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E8C049CCF7E4F50B" bold="true" box="[2011,2103,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86E75B49CCF71AF50B" box="[2112,2249,2731,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Civeta malaya</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F64989F5E5F4C4" box="[2029,2614,2798,2831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F64989F5E5F4C4" blockId="4.[2029,2616,2798,3224]" box="[2029,2614,2798,2831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E8F64989F75BF4C4" bold="true" box="[2029,2184,2798,2831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E7824989F5E2F4C4" ID-CoL="7FT8X" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[2201,2609,2798,2831]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tangalunga">Viverra tangalunga Gray, 1832</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F6487EF760F4FD" box="[2029,2227,2841,2870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F6487EF760F4FD" blockId="4.[2029,2616,2798,3224]" box="[2029,2227,2841,2870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<materialsCitation id="C4C2FF40FFE6FF86E8F6487EF760F4FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712312304" box="[2029,2227,2841,2870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE6FF86E8F6487EF77CF4FD" box="[2029,2223,2841,2870]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Barat" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">West Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F54827F6B3F44E" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F54827F6B3F44E" blockId="4.[2029,2616,2798,3224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Two subspecies are recognized, but a systematic revision is needed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F548E8F6D4F32D" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
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<caption id="20D5A595FFE6FF86E8F548E8F6D4F32D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714574/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" targetBox="[1415,2004,2809,3221]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F548E8F6AEF467" blockId="4.[2029,2616,2798,3224]" box="[2030,2429,2959,2988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E8F548E8F6AEF467" bold="true" box="[2030,2429,2959,2988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8E948D5F847F374" blockId="4.[2029,2616,2798,3224]" lastBlockId="4.[1415,2617,3230,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E8E948D5F6A1F418" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[2034,2418,2994,3027]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tangalunga" subSpecies="tangalunga">V. t. tangalunga Gray, 1832</taxonomicName>
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— Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86E8F54886F7B6F431" box="[2030,2149,3041,3066]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, Sumatra, Borneo, several Indonesian islands (
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E7E14F63F6AFF3EA" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1913" box="[2298,2428,3076,3105]" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Amboina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amboina</taxonomicName>
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I, Banggi I, Langkawi I, Rhio-Lingga Archipelago, Bangka I, Karimata I & Sulawesi), and the
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86E8F54F1CF75EF353" box="[2030,2189,3195,3224]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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; also two records from Java, but no evidence of native population.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA904FA2F6D4F32D" blockId="4.[1415,2617,3230,3459]" box="[1419,2311,3269,3302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86EA904FA2F879F32D" authority="Robinson & Kloss, 1920" authorityName="Robinson & Kloss" authorityYear="1920" box="[1419,1962,3269,3302]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tangalunga" subSpecies="lankavensis">V. t. lankavensis Robinson & Kloss, 1920</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86E8D64FA2F791F32D" box="[1997,2114,3269,3302]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(Langkawi I).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF87EA9C4F92FB15FD86" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF87EA9C4F92FB15FD86" blockId="4.[1415,2617,3230,3459]" lastBlockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9C4F92F9AAF2C5" bold="true" box="[1415,1657,3317,3342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 54-773 cm,tail 26-39.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E77A4F92F776F2C5" box="[2145,2213,3317,3342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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, neck circumference 18-23.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E5324F92FA60F2FE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 8:2-11.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E9B34E7FF921F2FE" box="[1704,1778,3352,3381]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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, ear 2-5—4-8 cm; weight 3-7 kg. A fairly large civet with conspicuous black and white bands on the throat and sides of the neck. The coat varies from ash-gray to yellowish-gray, with numerous small black spots on the flanks, thighs, and hindlegs. A black line runs along the back to the tip of the tail; there is a series of spots arranged in a row on each side of the dorsal median stripe. The face is gray, with a white patch on each side of the muzzle. There is a white patch below each eye, the rhinarium is large with a deep groove, and the ears are rounded. The chin is blackish brown. Thetail has 10-15 dark brown or black rings, alternating with pale rings. The legs are blackish. The feet have five digits, but the hallux and pollex are reduced; the claws are retractable, and there are no metatarsal pads. There are two pairs of teats. Skull similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE7FF87EFDE4157FEABFD86" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[197,376,560,589]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibetha">Viverra zibetha</taxonomicName>
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, but smaller. Dental formula: 1 3/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFDA4134FD37FD57" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFDA4134FD37FD57" blockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFDA4134FEFCFDBF" bold="true" box="[193,303,595,628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and disturbed forest, up to
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87EC524134FC62FDBF" box="[841,945,595,628]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
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. Also found in plantations and near villages that are adjacent to forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFDA41C5FA93FC43" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFDA41C5FA93FC43" blockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFDA41C5FE10FD08" bold="true" box="[193,451,674,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Omnivorous. Diet includes invertebrates (beetles, crabs, scorpions, and millipedes), fruit, small mammals (rodents and insectivores), birds, frogs, snakes, and lizards. May enter forest camps and villages looking for food scraps. Forages on the ground. A male civet was observed foraging using three capture techniques: pausing to listen, then plunging its head into the undergrowth; running over a short distance to grab prey; sniffing up and down vegetation before snapping at small prey.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFA540E9FB46FBEE" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFA540E9FB46FBEE" blockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFA540E9FE7CFC64" bold="true" box="[190,431,910,943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Mainly nocturnal, with activity peaks immediately after dark and shortly before dawn. In
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87ED3840D2FDAAFC1D" box="[547,633,949,982]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sabah</collectingRegion>
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, the mean activity from 18:00-07:00 h was 81%; on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EFDA40BAFEE7FC35" box="[193,308,989,1022]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
it was 94%. Malay Civets were more active during the day on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EB8340BAFAD8FC35" box="[1176,1291,989,1022]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(57%) than in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EE34476FFE52FBEE" box="[303,385,1032,1061]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
(21%). Rest sites are within dense cover on the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFDB474BFDC7F90A" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFDB474BFDC7F90A" blockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFDB474BFC5BFB86" bold="true" box="[192,904,1068,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Generally solitary. Terrestrial, but can climb trees. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EED54730FD93FBBF" box="[462,576,1111,1140]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sarawak</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a male had a home range of 0-5-0-7 km®. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EBDF4730FAC9FBBF" box="[1220,1306,1111,1140]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in an unlogged forest, the mean home range size for males was 0-93 km? and 0-80 km? for females; in a logged forest, the mean home range size for males was 1-59 km?®, and 1-05 km? for females. On
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EEE947AAFDB7FB21" box="[498,612,1229,1258]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Buton Island), the mean home range size for males was 0-86 km?, and 0-50 km? for females. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EC01479FFCA3FADA" box="[794,880,1272,1297]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, there was considerable home range overlap in both sexes, indicating that this species was not territorial; however, there was low intra-sexual overlap on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87ED504624FD11FAAB" box="[587,706,1347,1376]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EDE64624FC81FAAB" box="[765,850,1347,1376]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the density of Malay Civets was lower in logged forest (1 per 1-1 km?) than unlogged forest (1 per 0-5 km*); minimum daily travel distance ranged from one to 9-7 km. On
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EC4C46EAFC1EFA65" box="[855,973,1421,1454]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the mean minimum distance covered in 24 hours was
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87ED0F46D3FDB5FA1E" box="[532,614,1460,1493]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="415.0">415 m</quantity>
|
||
for males, and
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFE7FF87EC2446D3FC41FA1E" box="[831,914,1460,1493]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="286.0">286 m</quantity>
|
||
for females. A male civet has been observed scent marking using three methods: after protracted sniffing at a site, the civet elevated its tail, reversed into an upright tree trunk, and swayed its posterior from side to side; as it meandered aboutit paused momentarily, dipped and pressed its anal region onto the ground, raised it again and moved on; the side of the head and neck was rubbed against vegetation. Feces are found in latrines on the ground, generally in cavities and depressions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFDB45A0FBB7F84D" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFDB45A0FBB7F84D" blockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFDB45A0FE95F923" bold="true" box="[192,326,1735,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
On Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE7FF87ED3745A0FD70F923" box="[556,675,1735,1768]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a female appeared to be denning in October and November one year, and in August the following year. Two juvenile civets (about one month old) were caught in late August. At about nine months old, two young civets were not yet adult size and weight; the adult canines were just erupting in one individual. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87EE564402FE71F84D" box="[333,418,1893,1926]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, juveniles were captured between March and May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFDB44EBFA98F6C4" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFDB44EBFA98F6C4" blockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFDB44EBFDF0F866" bold="true" box="[192,547,1932,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Considered to be common, however, the exact population status in the wild is unknown. Its presence on some islands in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE7FF87ED9444BDFCCCF830" box="[655,799,2010,2043]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">South-east</collectingRegion>
|
||
Asia possibly resulted from introduction. Although Malay civets seem able to tolerate habitat disturbance, forest loss and degradation could be a threatto this species, and their ability to survive in disturbed habitats and forage in plantation areas may be influenced by the proximity of undisturbed forest. They are hunted and snared for food. Malay Civets are often considered pests as they prey on small livestock and raid fruit orchards, and may be deliberately killed in retaliation. Malay Civets foraging in plantation areas may also be inadvertently killed if they ingest pesticides, either directly or via contaminated food and ground water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE7FF87EFDA4A7AFAB6F695" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE7FF87EFDA4A7AFAB6F695" blockId="5.[190,1397,281,2398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE7FF87EFDA4A7AFE8BF6FD" bold="true" box="[193,344,2333,2358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Colon (1996, 1999, 2002), Corbet & Hill (1992), Jennings et al. (2006), Kitcheneret al. (1993), Macdonald & Wise (1979), Meiri (2005), Nowak (1999), Nozaki et al. (1994), Veron (1999, 2001), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |