treatments-xml/data/CD/2B/9D/CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b69834db-1e77-4c25-80c7-f1fd3be2f508" ID-PMC="PMC6813178" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-881-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0B1397AFEA7B5910A468BA7A24DA14DD" ID-PubMed="31662610" ID-ZooBank="ADCA057E3E1B45D8B5C9665683F51B59" ModsDocID="1313-2970-881-23" checkinTime="1571384721580" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel &amp; Alvarado, Guillermo E." docDate="2019" docId="CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 881: 23-51" docOrigin="ZooKeys 881" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026" docTitle="Uroxys bonplandi Kohlmann, Solis &amp; Alvarado, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E8FB3E6C-6E3B-4C5E-9550-6A4238DD70EB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="0B1397AFEA7B5910A468BA7A24DA14DD" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="0B1397AFEA7B5910A468BA7A24DA14DD" masterDocTitle="Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668167899117" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kohlmann, Bert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Solis, Angel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alvarado, Guillermo E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>881</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>23</mods:start>
<mods:end>51</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-881-23</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">ADCA057E3E1B45D8B5C9665683F51B59</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">0B1397AFEA7B5910A468BA7A24DA14DD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159754709" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E8FB3E6C-6E3B-4C5E-9550-6A4238DD70EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName LSID="CD2B9D8B-870A-5AA7-87E6-7D6936B3E89F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">Uroxys bonplandi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="29">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Drawings of the clypeal horn of a O. humboldti sp. nov. and b O. micropterus; pronotum of c O. humboldti sp. nov. and d O. micropterus; head of e O. humboldti sp. nov. and f O. micropterus; and elytral apex of g U. bonplandi sp. nov. and h U. dybasi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347597" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2">Figures 2h</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Aedeagui of a O. humboldti sp. nov. b U. bonplandi sp. nov. c brachypterous wing of O. humboldti sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347598" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure3">3b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of O. humboldti sp. nov. (orange circle) and U. bonplandi sp. nov. (red triangle). The distribution of the proposed sister species of these new taxa is also depicted, O. micropterus (blue rhombus) and U. dybasi (black square)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347600" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5">5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Costa Rica.</emphasis>
Guanacaste. Sector Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
, path to the cone of the Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
, part of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
de la Vieja volcanic massif, 1565 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="type deposition">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Type deposition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: &quot;Costa Rica. Provincia Guanacaste. Sector Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
, Sendero a Pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
. 1565 m. 2 Diciembre 2017. Col. Sergio Salas 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
. Biocol. 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.8039" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.8039">10.8039N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.3281" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-85.3281">85.3281W</geoCoordinate>
.&quot; &quot;HOLOTYPE/ 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">Uroxys bonplandi</taxonomicName>
Kohlmann, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
, Alvarado [red printed label]&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
Paratypes (18 males, 25 females). &quot;Costa Rica. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Provincia Guanacaste.</emphasis>
Sector Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
, Sendero a Pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
. 1565 m. 2 Diciembre 2017. Col. Sergio Salas 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
. Biocol. 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.8039" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.8039">10.8039N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.3281" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-85.3281">85.3281W</geoCoordinate>
(6 males, 10 females). 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">&quot;</pageBreakToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
Bosque Nuboso Santa Elena. 1600 m. 26 Noviembre - 8 Diciembre 1999. J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
Trampa de Luz. L N 258000 45000&quot; (1 female). &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Provincia Puntarenas.</emphasis>
Monteverde Zona Protectora Arenal-Monteverde. Parcela Brillantes. 1500-1600 m. 17-19 Junio 2009. A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
, J.D. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérres">Gutierres</normalizedToken>
. Trampa Foso. L N 252009 450981&quot; (4 males, 2 females), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“13–">&quot;13-</normalizedToken>
1600 m. 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.3">10°18'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.8">84°48'W</geoCoordinate>
. Univ. California EAP 1991&quot; (1 female). &quot;Est. La Casona. 1520 m. Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Monteverde. N. Obando. Octubre 1991. L N 253250 449700&quot; (2 males, 2 females), &quot;Septiembre 1990 (1 male), 29 Nov - 17 Diciembre 1994, K. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
, L N 253200 449700&quot; (2 males, 1 female). 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="start">&quot;</pageBreakToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Provincia Alajuela.</emphasis>
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
. Zona Protectora Arenal-Monteverde. Parcela El Valle. 1600-1700 m. 16-18 Jun 2009. A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
, J.D. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
. Trampa Foso. L N 255970 452538&quot; (3 males, 9 females).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Anterior of frons evenly convex, without carina or groove, with a dimple or transversely rugose; clypeal margin indented at junction with clypeogenal suture; dorsal ocular area twice as long as wide, distance between eyes five times eye width; pronotum evenly convex, sides angled near middle; elytral apex of the second to fourth intervals forming an oblique keel (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Drawings of the clypeal horn of a O. humboldti sp. nov. and b O. micropterus; pronotum of c O. humboldti sp. nov. and d O. micropterus; head of e O. humboldti sp. nov. and f O. micropterus; and elytral apex of g U. bonplandi sp. nov. and h U. dybasi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347597" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2">Fig. 2h</figureCitation>
); basal sulcus of pygidium sinuate; fore tibial spur slender and deflexed distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Holotype.</emphasis>
Male, length 7.4 mm; maximum width 3.8 mm. Elongate oval, shining reddish black (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Clypeus bidentate, slightly indented immediately laterad of teeth; teeth broadly triangular and strongly reflexed (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Head surface with a small dimple at the center, distinct small punctures throughout. Clypeogenal suture distinct; clypeal margin distinctly indented at intersection of suture (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); genal margins broadly rounded (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Frons weakly convex, with very slight, broad indentations. Dorsal ocular areas approximately twice as long as wide at posterior edge of canthus (12 to 14 facets wide at that point), distance between ocular areas approximately five times their width.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Dorsal drawing of a male 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Uroxys bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Pronotum at median angulation as wide as elytra; lateral edges of pronotum produced into prominent angles (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), strongly sinuate on lateral view, posterior two-thirds of margin nearly vertical; pronotum weakly convex medially; surface densely covered with fine, deep punctures; median longitudinal sulcus feebly indicated in posterior third; lateral fovea in form of crenulated longitudinal deep grove three-fourths length of pronotum (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), not extending to either anterior or posterior margin, with cluster of coarse punctures in posterior third; pronotum margined basally, with adjacent row of large longitudinal punctures (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Elytron moderately convex, clearly punctate (faintly in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys dybasi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Uroxys dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Howden &amp; Young, 1981), humeral umbone small; striae distinct but shallow, with distinct punctures evenly spaced for most of length of each stria, seventh stria extending three-fifths length of elytron; posterior tenth of first stria furrowed; intervals flat, slightly flattened and constricted, not produced, except at the apex of the second to fourth intervals forming an oblique keel (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Drawings of the clypeal horn of a O. humboldti sp. nov. and b O. micropterus; pronotum of c O. humboldti sp. nov. and d O. micropterus; head of e O. humboldti sp. nov. and f O. micropterus; and elytral apex of g U. bonplandi sp. nov. and h U. dybasi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347597" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2">Fig. 2h</figureCitation>
) (sharp straight keel in the third interval in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Drawings of the clypeal horn of a O. humboldti sp. nov. and b O. micropterus; pronotum of c O. humboldti sp. nov. and d O. micropterus; head of e O. humboldti sp. nov. and f O. micropterus; and elytral apex of g U. bonplandi sp. nov. and h U. dybasi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347597" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2">Fig. 2g</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Meso- and metasternum clearly punctate (faintly in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); meso-metasternal suture medially moderately angulate anteriorly, moderately angulate laterally, three times farther from anterior margin of mesosternum than from mesocoxal cavity; metasternum swollen, with distinct median posterior depression.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
Ventral abdominal segments two to five of equal length medially, each only slightly shorter medially than sixth; sixth slightly longer laterally than medially; anterior margins with small punctures (big crenulated punctures in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Pygidium strongly convex, faintly punctate, twice as wide as long; sulcus surrounding disc deep basally, shallow elsewhere; margin formed of same width apically and laterally; sulcus basally very slightly arcuate toward apex on each side of midline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="32" start="start">Fore</pageBreakToken>
tibia elongate with inner margin broadly curved (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); outer margin with three teeth in apical third, teeth approximately equidistant, basal tooth somewhat reduced and more broadly triangular (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal drawing of a male Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347599" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); apex of fore tibia with short, narrow, rounded, deflexed projection at inner corner, projection approximately half length of tibial spur. Tibial spur elongated, straight, pointed, extending to fourth tarsal segment. Fore femur gradually tapering distally; middle femur with a faint ventral posterior triangular projection at apical third (evident projection in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); hind femur with a well-developed ventral posterior swelling at apical third; posterior margin of hind trochanter continuous with posterior margin of femur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Female, length 6.9 mm; maximum width 3.6 mm. It is similar to the male and varies in having a rugose clypeus, lateral edges of pronotum produced into less prominent angles. Elytral apex without oblique keels. Fore femur and fore tibia not as long. Middle and hind femur without a projection or swelling at apical third.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="33" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="33" start="start">Variation</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Length 5.7 to 7.6 mm. Width 3.2 to 4.1 mm. The center of the head might have a small dimple and/or also a slight transverse rugosity.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
This species is dedicated in honor of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aimé">Aime</normalizedToken>
Jacques Alexandre Goujaud Bonpland, French naturalist, physician, and botanist, member of the scientific expedition that accompanied Humboldt to Spanish America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" type="taxonomic considerations">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Taxonomic considerations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation author="Solis, A" journalOrPublisher="Giornale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" pagination="289 - 340" refId="B67" refString="Solis, A, Kohlmann, B, 2013. El genero Uroxys (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Costa Rica. Giornale Italiano di Entomologia 13: 289 - 340" title="El genero Uroxys (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Costa Rica." volume="13" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
and Kohlmann (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
report the existence of 12 species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Uroxys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Costa Rica. This new species would increase their numbers to 13. Due to its great similarity, we here propose that 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Uroxys bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. represents the sister species of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. dybasi" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">U. dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Howden &amp; Young, 1981.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Uroxys bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. will key out to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. dybasi" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">U. dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="Solis, A" journalOrPublisher="Giornale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" pagination="289 - 340" refId="B67" refString="Solis, A, Kohlmann, B, 2013. El genero Uroxys (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Costa Rica. Giornale Italiano di Entomologia 13: 289 - 340" title="El genero Uroxys (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Costa Rica." volume="13" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kohlmann´s">Kohlmann's</normalizedToken>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
key. It can be easily differentiated by the following characteristics: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Uroxys bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is consistently bigger (5.7 to 7.6 mm) than its sister species (4.3 to 5.6 mm), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
U. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="dybasi">dybasi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. It can also be separated by the clear punctures in thorax and elytra in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="bonplandi" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (faint in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In males: elytral apex of the second to fourth intervals forming an oblique keel in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="bonplandi" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Drawings of the clypeal horn of a O. humboldti sp. nov. and b O. micropterus; pronotum of c O. humboldti sp. nov. and d O. micropterus; head of e O. humboldti sp. nov. and f O. micropterus; and elytral apex of g U. bonplandi sp. nov. and h U. dybasi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347597" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2">Fig. 2h</figureCitation>
) (sharp straight keel in the third interval in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="34" start="start">dybasi</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Drawings of the clypeal horn of a O. humboldti sp. nov. and b O. micropterus; pronotum of c O. humboldti sp. nov. and d O. micropterus; head of e O. humboldti sp. nov. and f O. micropterus; and elytral apex of g U. bonplandi sp. nov. and h U. dybasi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347597" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure2">Fig. 2g</figureCitation>
), meso- and metasternum clearly punctate on 
<taxonomicName lsidName="bonplandi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (faintly in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), anterior margins of ventral abdominal segments with small punctures in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="bonplandi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (big crenulated punctures in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and middle femur with a faint ventral posterior triangular projection at apical third in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="bonplandi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (evident projection in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="dybasi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Uroxys bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has been collected so far in the Cordillera de Guanacaste and the Cordillera de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of O. humboldti sp. nov. (orange circle) and U. bonplandi sp. nov. (red triangle). The distribution of the proposed sister species of these new taxa is also depicted, O. micropterus (blue rhombus) and U. dybasi (black square)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347600" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). It is a mountain species distributed from 1520 to 2200 m of altitude and has been collected in the following life-zones: wet tropical forest (premontane transition), lower montane rain forest, lower montane wet forest, premontane rainforest, and premontane wet forest. It has been collected from June to February.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347600" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Known distribution of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. humboldti" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">O. humboldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (orange circle) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. bonplandi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">U. bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (red triangle). The distribution of the proposed sister species of these new taxa is also depicted, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. micropterus" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="micropterus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">O. micropterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue rhombus) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. dybasi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">U. dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black square).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="34" type="chorological affinities">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Chorological affinities.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys bonplandi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Uroxys bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. coincides with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. dybasi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="dybasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">U. dybasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being distributed along the Guanacaste and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
mountain ranges. (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of O. humboldti sp. nov. (orange circle) and U. bonplandi sp. nov. (red triangle). The distribution of the proposed sister species of these new taxa is also depicted, O. micropterus (blue rhombus) and U. dybasi (black square)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347600" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) This last species has been also reported from mountain forests from Panama in the Cordillera de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
and in Costa Rica in the Cordillera Central and Talamanca (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of O. humboldti sp. nov. (orange circle) and U. bonplandi sp. nov. (red triangle). The distribution of the proposed sister species of these new taxa is also depicted, O. micropterus (blue rhombus) and U. dybasi (black square)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347600" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.38026.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), being distributed between 600 and 1700 m and collected throughout the whole year. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. bonplandi" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bonplandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">U. bonplandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. represents also the first known endemic species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Uroxys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Costa Rica.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
Another related species is 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Uroxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroxys tacanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tacanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Uroxys tacanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Delgado &amp; Kohlmann, 2007, known only from its type locality, the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tacaná">Tacana</normalizedToken>
volcano, at the border of Mexico and Guatemala, living in cloud forest at 2000 m altitude (
<bibRefCitation author="Delgado, L" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B11" refString="Delgado, L, Kohlmann, B, 2007. Revision de las especies del genero Uroxys Westwood de Mexico y Guatemala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 46: 1 - 36" title="Revision de las especies del genero Uroxys Westwood de Mexico y Guatemala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="46" year="2007">Delgado and Kohlmann 2007</bibRefCitation>
). No other species of this group has been yet collected in the intermediate areas. They are all montane species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>