193 lines
17 KiB
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193 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69e3a7a3-d279-4b63-8070-be3b1c813968" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-133" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" ID-ZooBank="24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-1-133" checkinTime="1683131477234" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lehmann, Ingo & Dalsgaard, Thure" docDate="2023" docId="B332B2931580531C92B1E4215B9B2967" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(1): 133-182" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" docTitle="Shimbania nigeriaensis Lehmann & Dalsgaard 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8D8F5DF5-93CF-406D-82F6-9BF0DAEA1486" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" masterDocTitle="Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1683132232210" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lehmann, Ingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lehmannshimoni@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dalsgaard, Thure</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">t.dalsgaard@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-05-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-1-133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D8F5DF5-93CF-406D-82F6-9BF0DAEA1486" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B332B2931580531C92B1E4215B9B2967" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/8D8F5DF5-93CF-406D-82F6-9BF0DAEA1486" authority="Lehmann & Dalsgaard, 2023" authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Shimbania" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis" status="sp. nov.">Shimbania nigeriaensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a. Shimbania wanjakinuthiaae sp. nov., holotype, male, Republic of South Africa, Province KwaZulu-Natal, ca. 5 km north of Hluhluwe, probably collected on Hluhluwe Farm; b. S. durbanica (Hampson, 1910), comb. nov., male, Republic of South Africa, Province KwaZulu-Natal, Durban; c. S. durbanica (Hampson, 1910), comb. nov., female, Republic of South Africa, Province KwaZulu-Natal, Durban; d. S. krooni sp. nov., holotype, male, Republic of South Africa, Province Eastern Cape, Port St. Johns; e. S. wichgrafi (Gruenberg, 1910), comb. nov., " Type ", male, Republic of South Africa, Province Gauteng, Pretoria or Johannesburg; f. S. nigeriaensis sp. nov., holotype, female, Nigeria, locality unknown, probably collected at the coast as " 1 m " on the label might represent the altitude." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845633" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1960-04-18" collectorName="Birket-Smith, I. Lehmann" country="Nigeria" elevation="1" location="Female" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B332B2931580531C92B1E4215B9B2967:F067A53573379A0D2DE6949B74553855" country="Nigeria" name="Female">Female</location>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, no locality, "18.4.60
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, H9" [
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<collectingDate value="1960-04-18">18. April 1960</collectingDate>
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altitude
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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?], J. [Jorgen]
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<collectorName>Birket-Smith</collectorName>
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[leg.], genitalia slide number 06/122008
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<collectorName>I. Lehmann</collectorName>
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(ZMUC).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Head</emphasis>
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: deep olive-buff (without any chestnut colour), short scales with cream tips, slightly glossy; eyes dark olive without spots and surrounded by short hair-like scales of light brown and deep olive-buff with a weak glint; a pair of pits is absent on lower fronto-clypeus, a pair of well visible projections is present on fronto-clypeus; pits behind labial palpi are narrow oval-shaped holes; antenna short, 0.35 length of forewing, bipectinate, branches long, 3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of shaft, not scaled, all branches are widely separated at base, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of branch; shaft covered with cream scales dorsally; labial palpi long, slightly longer than half of eye-diameter, light brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Patagia deep olive-buff, forming a collar ring, scales with light grey tips; tegulae with long hair-like scales of sepia with a light lilac glint. Metathorax with a crest of pale olive-buff scales mixed with ivory-yellow scales, with a small patch of sepia at center. Hind legs deep olive-buff with fine hair-like scales, some with light grey tips, on lower part of tarsus sepia dorsally; only one pair of narrow tibial spurs of unequal length present,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
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1.5 mm and 1.2 mm long. Forewing length 23.0 mm and wingspan is 50.5 mm. Forewing upperside deep olive-buff with a light golden glint towards termen, costal margin not distinctly marked; below first 2/3 of 1A+2A a sepia patch with a light lilac glint; forewing largely without any dark olive lines, veins not distinctly marked, except CuA2 that is narrowly dark olive, but only weakly marked; a large, weak and dark olive
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Y”">"Y"</normalizedToken>
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-shaped subterminal patch, broadly oval-shaped, from R3 to near end of CuA2 with a short stalk; termen without lunules; cilia long, 1.2 mm, deep olive-buff with a glint. Underside of forewing is deep olive-buff with a golden glint. Hindwing upperside is pale olive-buff with a light golden glint and with few dark olive spots; cilia as in forewing; underside as in forewing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: deep olive-buff mixed with cream, glossy; abdominal tuft olive-buff, medium long, 1/4 length of abdomen. Postabdominal structure: with a small, narrow papillae anales, not broader than base of posterior apophysis, with many short and long setae, lobes of papillae anales very small for such a large species, 20% of size of papillae anales with some long setae towards the tip of each lobe; segment 8 broadly rectangular with a broader dorsal edge, posterior margin with two rows of long setae (up to 85% as long as the dorsal part of segment 8), ventral part narrower, also with many long setae; an oblique row of long setae is absent on segment 8 (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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cf.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. kerstinhempae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerstinhempae">S. kerstinhempae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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sp. nov.); attached to the ventral end of segment 8 is a narrow sclerotized band that is connected with the base of the anterior apophysis; anterior apophysis broad, short, 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than posterior apophysis, broader at base and with short extension ventrally, straight, slightly bent upwards towards end; posterior apophysis broad, with the same width as anterior apophysis, with a broader tip, the extremely large sclerotized base of the posterior apophysis is 40% the size of the papillae anales in lateral view. Ductus bursae unknown, but at its base is a narrow slightly sclerotized plate ventrally; corpus bursae unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania nigeriaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a similar large wing size like most of the species presented herein from Kenya and Tanzania, but the postabdominal structure shares two characters with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. durbanica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbanica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. durbanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the "KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt" in the Republic of South Africa, namely two rows of very long setae along the posterior margin of segment 8 and very small lobes of the papillae anales that are only as large as 20% of the papillae anales. The postabdominal structure can be separated from all other congeners by a narrow dorsal gap of segment 8 that is as long as 80% of the dorsal edge. Such a gap is absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. kerstinhempae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerstinhempae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. kerstinhempae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. durbanica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbanica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. durbanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Another unique character of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. nigeriaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is that the hindlegs have only one pair of tibial spurs instead of two pairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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If "1 m" represents the altitude of the collecting site in Nigeria it can be concluded that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania nigeriaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. occurs locally along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. A typical forest type along the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean from Sierra Leone to western Gabon is "Hygrophilous coastal evergreen Guineo-Congolian rain forest"
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="White, F" journalOrPublisher="Unesco, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B104" refString="White, F, 1983. The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX. Unesco, Paris" title="The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco / AETFAT / UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX." year="1983">White (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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. This forest type is characterized by a very high diversity of woody legumes of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g. Brachystegia cynometroides</emphasis>
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Harms and has a very rich and distinctive endemic flora,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g. Sacoglottis gabonensis</emphasis>
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(Baill.) Urb. (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Humiriaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Humiriaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The average annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm, locally more than 3000 mm, is very high for the habitat. A common character with the habitat of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. durbanica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbanica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. durbanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the absence of an entirely rain-free period (although the average rainfall is much lower with 989 mm,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
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above).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Based on its distribution,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. nigeriaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. can be classified as a lowland species that is most probably endemic to the "Hygrophilous coastal evergreen Guineo-Congolian rain forest".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania nigeriaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is named for the country Nigeria.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |