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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.7634" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e13f9cab-161a-4fa5-8abf-a32c89ac276f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127889629" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1860-1324-1" ModsDocOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 61 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the cryptic ant genus Probolomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in Madagascar" checkinTime="1418151654458" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hita Garcia, Francisco &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2014" docId="B31CAC3DB7D1A460E10FB1FA25279C65" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 61(1): 65-76" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 61 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.7634" docTitle="Probolomyrmex tani Fisher 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="8E260B72E90DFFE2A1528C4FCB791C3B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the cryptic ant genus Probolomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1643521770436" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the cryptic ant genus Probolomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in Madagascar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hita Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>61</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>65</mods:start>
<mods:end>76</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.7634</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.7634</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127889629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31CAC3DB7D1A460E10FB1FA25279C65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31CAC3DB7D1A460E10FB1FA25279C65" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Probolomyrmex_tani\according_to_Hita_Garcia_et_al_2014" authority="Fisher, 2007" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani Fisher, 2007</taxonomicName>
Figs 1A, 4, 6
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, BL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="146 - 152" title="A new species of Probolomyrmex from Madagascar" volume="80" year="2007">Fisher 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 146.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Holotype, pinned worker, MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAnalabe">d'Analabe</normalizedToken>
, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.08333">13.08333°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.90833">49.90833°E</geoCoordinate>
, 30 m, littoral rainforest, collection code BLF9426, 27.XI.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC: CASENT0041505). Paratypes, one pinned worker (CASC: CASENT0041507) and one dealate queen (CASC: CASENT0041506) with same data as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="non-type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Non-type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana, Ambondrobe, 41.1 km 175° Vohemar,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.71533">13.71533°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="50.10167">50.10167°E</geoCoordinate>
, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 29.XI.2004 (B.L. Fisher) (CASC: CASENT0056575; CASENT0057032); Antsiranana,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Binara, 9.4 km 235° SW Daraina,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.26333">13.26333°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="49.6">49.6°E</geoCoordinate>
, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 5.XII.2003 (B.L. Fisher) (CASC: CASENT0043467; CASENT0043468; CASENT0043471); Antsiranana, Montagne des
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
, 7.2 km 142° SE Antsiranana,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.32278">12.32278°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.33817">49.33817°E</geoCoordinate>
, 180 m, tropical dry forest, 22.-28.II.2001 (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC: CASENT0004400); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16666">14.16666°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="49.95">49.95°E</geoCoordinate>
, 715 m, rainforest, 1.-2.V.2011 (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC: CASENT0243171; CASENT0243185); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.17066">14.17066°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95409">49.95409°E</geoCoordinate>
, 225 m, rainforest, 4.-6.V.2011 (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC: CASENT0231492).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
The following character set distinguishes
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
from its congeners in Madagascar: head in full-face view between 1.5 to 1.6 times longer than broad (CI 64-66); SI 92-103; in profile mesosomal outline flat to very weakly convex, metanotal groove usually absent, but rarely weakly developed; hind tibia around 1.0 to 1.1 times longer than head width (HTLI 100-111); petiole relatively longer, lower, and less arched, in profile (without ventral process) around 1.3 to 1.5 times longer than high (LPNeI 127-150), and in dorsal view around 1.4 to 1.6 times longer than broad (DPeI 63-69).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="worker measurements">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Worker measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">(N=10). HL 0.56-0.65 (0.60); HW 0.37-0.42 (0.39); SL 35-43 (0.39); WL 0.73-0.91 (0.80); PH 0.25-0.30 (0.27); PW 0.27-0.35 (0.30); HTL 0.39-0.47 (0.42); PeH 0.26-0.31 (0.28); PeNH 0.19 -0.23 (0.21); PeNL 0.26-0.34 (0.29); PeW 0.17-0.22 (0.19); CI 64-66 (65); SI 92-103 (0.98); LMI 33-37 (35); HTLI 100-111 (104); DPeI 63-69 (67); LPeI 97-110 (103); LPeNI 127-150 (137); PeNI 60-66 (63).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="worker description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Worker description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">In full-face view head between 1.5 to 1.6 times longer than broad (CI 64-66), posterior head margin flat or weakly concave; lateral margins of head convex, broadest medially, posterolateral corners rounded; clypeus and anterior part of frons strongly protruding anteriorly as narrow frontoclypeal, subrectangular shelf or socket; antennal sockets exposed and closely approximated, separated by a thin, vertical lamella formed by fused frontal carinae; mandibles small, triangular to elongate-triangular, masticatory margin armed with one larger apical tooth and a series of six smaller denticles, in full-face view mandibles obscured by frontoclypeal shelf; palp formula 4,2; eyes absent; antennae 12-segmented, funicular antenommeres growing in size and width towards apex without forming well defined antennal club, apical antennomere much larger than remaining funicular antenommeres, antennal scape short (SI 92-103), far from reaching posterior head margin. Mesosoma slender, long, and relatively low (LMI 33-37), in profile mesosomal outline flat to very weakly convex; propleurae enlarged and projecting ventrally; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove usually absent, rarely present but very weak; declivitous face of propodeum margined by low, obtuse, and concave lamella on each side, propodeal lamella posterodorsally with small, blunt tooth, posteroventrally with rounded lobe or very blunt tooth; posterior declivity of propodeum weakly concave in dorsal view. Legs long and slender; all tibiae with single, pectinate spur; pretarsal claws simple without median tooth; hind tibia around 1.0 to 1.1 times longer than head width (HTLI 100-111). In profile petiole with subpetiolar process around 1.0 to 1.1 times longer than high (LPeI 97-110), petiole without subpetiolar process around 1.3 to 1.5 times longer than high (LPNeI 127-150), petiolar dorsum strongly arched, much higher posteriorly, anterior face curving smoothly onto dorsum without well developed anterodorsal margin, posterior face vertical and concave, enclosed laterally and dorsally by low, thick carina; in dorsal view petiole around 1.4 to 1.6 times longer than broad (DPeI 63-69); pronotum between 1.5 to 1.7 times longer than petiolar width (PeNI 60-66); subpetiolar process well developed and lamelliform, ventral face weakly concave, anteroventral portion rounded to moderately angled, posteroventral portion sharper and stronger angled, projecting backwards, variably developed, ranging from right angle to a elongate-triangular tooth. Abdominal segment III in profile narrowed anteriorly, broadest posteriorly. Sting well developed and very long. Surface sculpture generally weakly to moderately foveolate overlaying conspicuous very fine, more or less dense, coriaceous microsculpture, foveolate sculpture better developed and more conspicuous on cephalic dorsum and lateral mesosoma than remainder of body. Pilosity strongly reduced throughout and virtually absent, except for few short hairs below frontoclypeal shelf, some longer hairs on mandibles, and some short, fine hairs around metapleural gland orifice. Pubescence whitish, extremely fine, very short, and appressed, present over most of body, funicular antenommeres with such pubescence overlaid by much scattered, much longer, appressed hairs. Colour light reddish brown to darker brown, appendages lighter, yellowish to light brown.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
holotype worker (CASENT0041505). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="distribution and biology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
It has to be pointed out that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
is much less broadly distributed as previously thought. Indeed, its distribution is restricted to a narrow strip in the northeast of Madagascar ranging from Makirovana and Ambondrobe north to Montagne des
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
. Most of the remaining locality data listed under
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
in the original description (
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, BL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="146 - 152" title="A new species of Probolomyrmex from Madagascar" volume="80" year="2007">Fisher 2007</bibRefCitation>
) are actually records of the new species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex curculiformis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curculiformis">Probolomyrmex curculiformis</taxonomicName>
, except for Manongarivo. The only available specimen from the latter locality is damaged, and it cannot be assigned to any species. Therefore, we do not list this locality for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
nor any of the other two species treated here.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
is found in a variety of forest habitats, such as littoral rainforest, tropical dry forest, lowland rainforest, and montane rainforest, and has an altitudinal range of 10 to 1100 m. Despite that most of the material was collected from leaf litter,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
is more likely subterranean in lifestyle, very much like
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex curculiformis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curculiformis">Probolomyrmex curculiformis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
is the most distinctive species of the three treated herein. The shape of the petiole alone separates it very well from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex curculiformis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curculiformis">Probolomyrmex curculiformis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex zahamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zahamena">Probolomyrmex zahamena</taxonomicName>
. In these two the petiole is shorter, higher and stronger arched, in profile (without ventral process) around 1.3 to 1.5 times longer than high (LPNeI 127-150), and in dorsal view around 1.4 to 1.6 times longer than broad (DPeI 63-69). By contrast, the petiole of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
is relatively longer, lower, and less arched, in profile (without ventral process) around 1.3 to 1.5 times longer than high (LPNeI 127-150), and in dorsal view around 1.4 to 1.6 times longer than broad (DPeI 63-69).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Despite being less variable than previously thought (
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, BL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="146 - 152" title="A new species of Probolomyrmex from Madagascar" volume="80" year="2007">Fisher 2007</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
still displays some noticeable intraspecific variation within a relatively small area in northern Madagascar. The specimens from Makirovana possess a much better developed and conspicuous foveolate surface sculpture than the rest of the material of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
. Most of the material from Makirovana also has a small but distinct metanotal groove, which is absent in the material from other localities, and longer antennal scapes (SI 99-102). These dissimilarities could be used to separate this series as different species. However, there are several good arguments against it. The length of the antennal scapes is always stable within localities, but shows some noticeable geographical variation. The specimens from the type locality possess the shortest scapes (SI 92-94), whereas the ones from Makirovana and Ambondrobe have the longest scapes (SI 99-102). However, the material from Binara and Montagne des
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
shows intermediate values (SI 94-96). Furthermore, the metanotal groove is extremely weak in one specimen from Makirovana, almost absent. Also, as mentioned above, surface sculpturing is relatively variable in all three
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Probolomyrmex</taxonomicName>
species. So, consequently, we prefer to keep all the material listed as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Probolomyrmex tani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">Probolomyrmex tani</taxonomicName>
as one somewhat variable species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>