130 lines
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130 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f0a1826-ba89-4ecb-adbb-275211293c87" ID-PMC="PMC7878468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1015-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" ID-PubMed="33613041" ID-ZooBank="F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1015-1" checkinTime="1612497320802" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abe, Hirokazu & Sato-Okoshi, Waka" docDate="2021" docId="99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1015: 1-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1015" docPubDate="2021-02-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" docTitle="Dipolydora giardi" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" masterDocTitle="Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149773418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-9368</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">habe@iwate-med.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 468 - 1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 - 8572, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-02-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1015</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1015-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="99D40B8E-097A-5D17-8BEA-769F3B90386C" authority="(Mesnil, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Mesnil" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1896)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7M, N</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Overall body shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes arranged in transverse row, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Black pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Two pairs of dorsal black spots begin on chaetiger III onwards and continue to posterior end, sometime medial pair in first 2-4 chaetigers band-shaped. Small medial spot of black pigment on posterior margin of each chaetiger usually from chaetigers III, rarely from V or VI, in late larvae. Two small spots of black pigmentation occur lateral to the medial black pigmentation from approximately chaetiger VI or VII. A small black pigment spot, not visible dorsally, present on antero-lateral edges from chaetiger II onwards. Black pigment occurs on pygidium. Rust-colored pigment occurs in pharynx. Ventral pigment absent. Some metamorphosing larvae reduce pigmentation over the entire body and present whitish appearance with eyes fused and appears as one pair (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7N</figureCitation>
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). Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Adults of this species are shell-borers and were collected from shells of cultured
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Mizuhopecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mizuhopecten yessoensis" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mizuhopecten yessoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Jay, 1857) (formerly as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Patinopecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patinopecten yessoensis" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Patinopecten yessoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) scallops suspended in Onagawa Bay in December 2010. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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. Therefore, this species was referred to
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match using molecular data (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The 18S rRNA gene sequences of this species are very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. capensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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1PE from South Africa (KY677896) reported by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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, but there is a slight difference between their sequences (0.12% difference: 2/1714 bp). It is unclear whether this difference indicates that these two are the same or different species because two different 18S rRNA gene sequences have been reported from South Africa and are currently under the same species name (
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. capensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Terminal taxa whose sequences were obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank and herein used in the phylogenetic analyses. Type and collection localities, accession numbers, sequence lengths, and references are shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8B81FCB28C8B1988279C92E7CCD5B7FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="8B81FCB28C8B1988279C92E7CCD5B7FA">2</tableCitation>
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, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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). No gene sequences of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">D. cf. giardi</taxonomicName>
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previously recorded from South Africa (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 50" refId="B197" refString="Simon, CA, 2011. Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species. African Invertebrates 52: 39 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" title="Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" volume="52" year="2011">Simon 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) are available.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Onagawa Bay in December 2010, June, July, October, November, and December 2011, and December 2012, and from Sasuhama in January 2013. The larval morphology of this species was previously described from California by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake (1979</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora giardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The morphology and dorsal pigment pattern of late larvae described by these authors resembles that reported here, but there are slight differences: two golden pigment spots present on either side of chaetiger I in the former description but absent in the latter; two small lateral melanophores present on chaetigers I and II in the former description but absent in the latter; a medial black pigmentation beginning from chaetiger II onwards in the former description but from chaetiger III onwards in the latter description; and two small spots of black pigmentation lateral to the medial black pigmentation starting from chaetiger III in the former description but from more posteriorly in the latter description. These differences between specimens from Japan and California may indicate that they are different species, or that intraspecific variation occurs in larval dorsal pigmentation.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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pointed out differences in reproductive traits between the Californian and French populations and suggested the existence of two different species. Therefore, more than one species may be included under the name of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which currently is reported with a worldwide distribution (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 36" refId="B156" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Petersen, ME, 2005. On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1086: 25 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" title="On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" volume="1086" year="2005">Radashevsky and Petersen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |