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<document id="61E9DA9D72FAAB5B195098371462D137" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5391.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10434709" ID-ZooBank="D9DB067A-8828-4A79-A1D4-CBA9FA1D2EBD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1703666422164" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Santos, Bruna S., Semedo, Thiago B. F., Garcia, Lucas Canes &amp; Moreira, Cristiano Rangel" docDate="2023" docId="99483C76CC416B541C872B53FB32B6F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5391.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5391 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5391.1.1/52545" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Pseudobatos horkelii" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="6571440ECC576B431C102D1BFFD4B720" masterDocTitle="The fish collection of José Mariano da Conceição Veloso (1742 - 1811) and the beginning of ichthyological research in Brazil, with a taxonomic description of the extant specimens" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1703667399731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3127E7B17D20A6B97EFE31E0AC203BBE">
<mods:title id="CAB37C53FC24EA5DA293401B227C79EF">The fish collection of José Mariano da Conceição Veloso (1742 - 1811) and the beginning of ichthyological research in Brazil, with a taxonomic description of the extant specimens</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E225CD8D80AB5D4F59D558358B9030F7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EA5C1384F9C212A211A31D947D55C9F2">
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<mods:namePart id="96990413567EBDDF25CAB553CB7825D0">Ceríaco, Luis M. P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A0FE76E68B8C5A5C98CF7F4BAD74E908">CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairão, Portugal &amp; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485 - 661, Vairão, Portugal &amp; Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boavista, São Cristóvão, 20940 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil &amp; Section of Amphibians and Reptiles, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213, USA &amp; luisceriaco @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0591 - 9978</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EAC8E3DB5A5958D7A2D2258A2EF31963" type="email">luisceriaco@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="61B0D4E4C50A80D2D2C582EE524B508F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="15D5DC963CC89DEBD6BD07D66E7D1F59">
<mods:roleTerm id="58ADDF88DE29A590AB719B1794A1D94C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FB038C12A1165F02C34E8B473CA8F261">Santos, Bruna S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="36E23C046C30572D56A5A43AEF139D4B">CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairão, Portugal &amp; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485 - 661, Vairão, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C59A8E3D40E8E5FFF5C17298FA70D931" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BD4A203E62D14F3104ED3DEA84BD65F3">
<mods:roleTerm id="1494F22371CC94B301B947847214263B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="16712998EC2965314FFA6B27AB204F00">Semedo, Thiago B. F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A33C1AC272DCAD5AD465544747516434">CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairão, Portugal &amp; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485 - 661, Vairão, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D770B81C774EB6E9D1BA194BFFDD6ACD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="93BBCCCFAF7F6C9554D4343A19E2E85B">
<mods:roleTerm id="6D50AF0DCA744E5EFB2B7E9CA74D40DB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C0A06A58642FDDF006810C97975EC382">Garcia, Lucas Canes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FBEFBBDF25A2CEFF7FDE817F90DD3F9D">Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boavista, São Cristóvão, 20940 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil &amp; canezlucas @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0005 - 7451 - 3890</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA5A9D47526113E3A30EBE63F9644ADC" type="email">canezlucas@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F353848BC303F2CCEB329957DE4D7A89" type="personal">
<mods:role id="55A4F1D17077AC5EE03BA27AAD24B192">
<mods:roleTerm id="E0705E5241BFE085343DDA01CABA4D6A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EFE421C4C2CCCAD6D708A0BE212D6C17">Moreira, Cristiano Rangel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3E646DD8C876A3D4656C1AF5AE7FBDFE">Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boavista, São Cristóvão, 20940 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil &amp; moreira. c. r @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4599 - 7214 Corresponding authors</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE8611BBCACFF0D8C112B36CF69F5645" type="email">moreira.c.r@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="32A3B83CA95399C86A5C41F058CD6653">
<mods:title id="5753AE87D04DE120ABEC2BAB4D526DF8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="EB678204FA27E64B102F201E1CC48551">
<mods:date id="8BBA6FD1A33A414506087D67BAB389D4">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CF95515FDA422AA0EB7A8EA3F480178D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="645081A81F82AB73AC1B4782CB616196">2023-12-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B171A88EC190126C2966AF6F63BE05AF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="11E88CCE8D7CCA395A3680D7C140486E">5391</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DA4FF72FE54841B2ADFBCF4B5822BF78" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B75EA3B5F4EE727E87685D8435AACFA7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="919638F292B50DA84A86A342ADE37C19">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E49D00BDFDFC98605A9D550A774F6771">85</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="DEF32286EA5AF1644685F7924B1E6E05">https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5391.1.1/52545</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C3AFA639CFA6DC7951B9509B61755EFF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="312C40273AC72FC83A6CD1E8B5985740" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5391.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="46E3DE744809D64AD21D925EC7ADEED7" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1212F6E5361963272CFD34362A98707D" type="Zenodo-Dep">10434709</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8729E07DDC136245FB00601F64AACDF8" type="ZooBank">D9DB067A-8828-4A79-A1D4-CBA9FA1D2EBD</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="99483C76CC416B541C872B53FB32B6F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99483C76CC416B541C872B53FB32B6F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99483C76CC416B541C872B53FB32B6F1" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="59FBDEEBCC416B551C872B53FD6BB142" box="[151,703,1608,1635]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="115E8D60CC416B551C872B53FD6BB142" blockId="22.[151,703,1608,1635]" box="[151,703,1608,1635]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="4A163A0CCC416B551C872B53FD6BB142" bold="true" box="[151,703,1608,1635]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC416B551C872B53FD6BB142" ID-CoL="78BZ9" authority="(Muller &amp; Henle, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,703,1608,1635]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Pseudobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horkelii">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551C872B53FD6BB142" bold="true" box="[151,703,1608,1635]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551C872B53FE41B143" bold="true" box="[151,405,1608,1635]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pseudobatos horkelii</emphasis>
(Müller &amp; Henle, 1841)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59FBDEEBCC416B551C872B8BFC57B1EE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="115E8D60CC416B551C872B8BFD52B18A" blockId="22.[151,1437,1680,2031]" box="[151,646,1680,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551C872B8BFEA6B18A" bold="true" box="[151,370,1680,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Extant specimens:</emphasis>
ACL-HN-0047 (
<figureCitation id="89DA91E5CC416B551E232B8BFDA3B18A" box="[563,631,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1073,1097]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,497,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-180@23.[151,1435,489,1050]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pseudobatos horkelii (Müller &amp; Henle, 1841), ACL-HN-0047, 590 mm TL. Photo by Luis M. P. Ceríaco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10434729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10434729/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="115E8D60CC416B551CD72BAFFC57B1EE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1680,2031]" box="[199,899,1716,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551CD72BAFFD9AB1EE" bold="true" box="[199,590,1716,1742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Classification on the specimen: “</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC416B551E5E2BAEFCE1B1EF" authority="Puraque Marg." authorityName="Puraque Marg." authorityYear="2023" box="[590,821,1717,1743]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551E5E2BAEFD3EB1EF" box="[590,746,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Raja Puraqué</emphasis>
Marg.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38A6EC09CC416B551F2B2BAEFCA3B1EE" box="[827,887,1716,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59FBDEEBCC416B551CD72BC3FC2AB1D2" box="[199,1022,1752,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="115E8D60CC416B551CD72BC3FC2AB1D2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1680,2031]" box="[199,1022,1752,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551CD72BC3FCE3B1D2" bold="true" box="[199,823,1752,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Common names on the specimen (Portuguese/Tupi):</emphasis>
None/”Puraqué”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59FBDEEBCC416B541CD72BE7FB32B6F1" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="115E8D60CC416B551CD72BE7FA49B0CE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1680,2031]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551CD72BE7FE86B036" bold="true" box="[199,338,1788,1814]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Comments:</emphasis>
This species was undescribed at the time Veloso prepared it. The original labeling of the specimen bore the inscription “
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC416B551D982A3BFDA5B01B" authority="Puraque Marg." authorityName="Puraque Marg." authorityYear="2023" box="[392,625,1824,1851]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. n.">Raja Puraqué Marg.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38A6EC09CC416B551E692A3AFD63B01B" box="[633,695,1825,1851]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Raia Viola do
<collectingCountry id="69F6CDF0CC416B551F782A3BFC64B01A" box="[872,944,1824,1850]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brasil</collectingCountry>
.” However, it is important to note that this information appears in a distinct handwriting style on a rectangular piece of paper affixed to the herbarium sheet. This suggests a subsequent addition by an unidentified individual with the intention of describing the species. It is plausible that this person was not Veloso himself, as he probably intended to describe the species in his
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B55191F2A97FEF4B0EA" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ichthyologia Fluminensis</emphasis>
under the name “
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC416B551DFF2AAAFD5DB0EA" authority="Cythara" authorityName="Cythara" box="[495,649,1968,1994]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551DFF2AAAFD5DB0EA" box="[495,649,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Raja Cythara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,” a species name not available. It is conceivable that Veloso’s “
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC416B5519772AAAFF27B0CE" authority="Cythara" authorityName="Cythara" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B5519772AAAFF27B0CE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Raja Cythara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” may have been a composite description encompassing
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC416B551F722ACFFB9AB0CE" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[866,1102,2004,2030]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Pseudobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horkelii">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B551F722ACFFB9AB0CE" box="[866,1102,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pseudobatos horkelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC416B5518922ACEFADBB0CE" baseAuthorityName="Walbaum" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1154,1295,2004,2030]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Pseudobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percellens">
<emphasis id="23955172CC416B5518922ACEFADBB0CE" box="[1154,1295,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. percellens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="115E8D60CC406B541C872D8CFB32B6F1" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
It is important to emphasize that this species had not yet been formally described at the time of Veloso’s collection. In the Ajuda’s inventory (
<bibRefCitation id="7570F091CC406B541DD02DA0FDB4B7F5" author="Ferreira, A. R." box="[448,608,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref40897" refString="Ferreira, A. R. (1794) Inventario geral e particular de todos os produtos naturais e artificiais, instrumentos, livros, utensilios e moveis pertencentes ao Real Gabinete de Historia Natural, Jardim Botanico e suas casas anexas, como sao: gabinete da biblioteca, casa do desenho, dita do laboratorio, dita das preparacoes e armazem de reserva etc. Tudo como nela se declara. Unpublished manuscript, available under the accession number BN 21, 1, 010. Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 221 pp." type="book" year="1794">Ferreira 1794</bibRefCitation>
), there are references to 15 herborized specimens of
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B5418D72DA0FB28B7F4" box="[1223,1276,187,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B5418D72DA0FB28B7F4" box="[1223,1276,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Raja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but none are mentioned in the list of specimens transferred to the Lisbon Academy of Sciences. However, in the list of specimens transferred to Coimbra,
<specimenCount id="07E746E9CC406B541DBC2C18FD81B63D" box="[428,597,259,285]" count="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B541E6F2C18FCE2B63D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[639,822,259,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinobatos">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B541E6F2C18FCE2B63D" box="[639,822,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Raja rhinobatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B541F732C18FBB1B63D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[867,1125,259,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinobatos">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B541F732C18FBB1B63D" box="[867,1125,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhinobatos rhinobatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are listed. Although these specimens have since been lost, it is reasonable to assume that they were likely
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B5418122C3CFB32B661" baseAuthorityName="Müller &amp; Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1026,1254,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Pseudobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horkeli">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B5418122C3CFB32B661" box="[1026,1254,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pseudobatos horkeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B5419192C3CFA41B661" baseAuthorityName="Walbaum" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1289,1429,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Pseudobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percellens">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B5419192C3CFA41B661" box="[1289,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. percellens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considering that
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B541D4A2C50FE22B645" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[346,502,331,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinobatos">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B541D4A2C50FE22B645" box="[346,502,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">R. rhinobatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found only in the eastern Atlantic.
<bibRefCitation id="7570F091CC406B541FAA2C50FB26B645" author="Antunes, M. T. &amp; Balbino, A. C." box="[954,1266,331,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="75 - 119" refId="ref38970" refString="Antunes, M. T. &amp; Balbino, A. C. (2003) Herbario de peixes do Brasil no sec. XVIII. In: Ferrao, C. &amp; Soares, J. P. M. (Eds.), Viagem ao Brasil de Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira: a expedicao philosofica pelas capitanias do Para, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuyaba: Documentos do Museu Bocage de Lisboa, Vol. I. Petropolis, Kapa Editorial, pp. 75 - 119." type="book chapter" year="2003">Antunes &amp; Balbino (2003)</bibRefCitation>
identified this specimen as
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B541D3C2C74FD2EB6A9" authority="(Walbaum, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Walbaum" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[300,762,367,393]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percellens">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B541D3C2C74FDF3B6A9" box="[300,551,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhinobatos percellens</emphasis>
(Walbaum, 1792)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B541F172C74FC23B6A9" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[775,1015,367,393]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Pseudobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horkelii">
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B541F172C74FC23B6A9" box="[775,1015,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pseudobatos horkelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Western Atlantic from
<collectingRegion id="D3254382CC406B541C872C88FEECB68D" box="[151,312,403,429]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="69F6CDF0CC406B541D562C88FE59B68D" box="[326,397,403,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) to North
<taxonomicName id="D6E1F6E3CC406B541DEE2C88FCE2B68D" authority="(Last et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Last" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[510,822,403,429]" family="Sparidae" genus="Syaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
Argentina (
<bibRefCitation id="7570F091CC406B541E6C2C88FCFBB68D" author="Last, P. &amp; Naylor, G. &amp; Seret, B. &amp; White, W. &amp; Carvalho, M. &amp; Stehmann, M." box="[636,815,403,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42416" refString="Last, P., Naylor, G., Seret, B., White, W., Carvalho, M. &amp; Stehmann, M. (2016) Rays of the World. CSIRO publishing, Melbourne, 790 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148" type="book" year="2016">
Last
<emphasis id="23955172CC406B541EA42C88FD30B68D" box="[692,740,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A population decline of more than 90% in the last four decades led this species to be classified as “Critically Endangered” in
<collectingCountry id="69F6CDF0CC406B541FB82CACFC38B6F1" box="[936,1004,439,465]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(CR; ICMBIO 2018).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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