362 lines
63 KiB
XML
362 lines
63 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2D1D54E8569274DD47FF669476337739">Key to sessile gnesiotrochan rotifers: Floscularia (Monogononta; Flosculariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="125E802EEE941490BD459654C368DAF7">Lafleur, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A00D3A9384C80595302117339D56BA1">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="92EDDC1C35930CC5126809DA127B8231">Davies, Natalie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DC16664F9B7A11732BD5252DDBD53B5A">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="725B6F5B873B177E6ACB26CD8B548597">Walsh, Elizabeth J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DF5FC5C6BFAB0DEBEBB8A00FF9FBB040">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="4878537DFFFDB7159AB54E66FD33FE5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12210861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233317938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12210861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4878537DFFFDB7159AB54E66FD33FE5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4878537DFFFDB7159AB54E66FD33FE5E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="410" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54E66FD4BFE04" blockId="8.[151,751,366,393]" box="[151,751,366,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="9B265507FFFDB7149AB54E66FD4BFE04" bold="true" box="[151,751,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149AB54E66FD4BFE04" bold="true" box="[151,751,366,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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Dichotomous key to species of genus
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<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB71498414E66FD4BFE04" ID-CoL="4KK5" baseAuthorityName="Koste" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[611,751,366,393]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB71498414E66FD4BFE04" bold="true" box="[611,751,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Floscularia</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54EBCFBABFDAF" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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1 Animals possessing mucrons; ventrolateral antenna elongate; ventral lobes larger than dorsal lobes; tube with small pellets or with large, ovoid fecal pellets embedded in gelatinous material or with only gelatinous material without pellets (
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<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149F344ED9FAC5FE6B" box="[1302,1377,465,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Examples of critical characteristics used in differentiating Floscularia species. (See Table 1 for additional information.) A, B. Anterior ends showing features of the corona.A. Corona lateral view of F. conifera: tripartite pellet-forming organ (encircled with dotted line) with a pellet (p) in the modulus; B. Corona ventrolateral view of F. melicerta. C. Presence (F. conifera and F. decora) or absence (F. janus) of mucrons. D. Long peduncle of F. pedunculata; Insert: illustrations of two Floscularia spp. lacking peduncles. E. Examples of trophi showing weekly and strongly differentiated unci teeth. F. Examples of allorecruitive colony formation (three small colonies). Tubes in the upper left colony with rings (Edmondson 1945) for details. Symbols: d = debris; dl = dorsal lobe; f = foot; gt = gelatinous tube: dotted line indicates tube; i = insertion point of peduncle to foot; m = mouth; pd = peduncle; pt = pellet tube; s = substratum; sf = stem female of colony; tr = trophi in mastax; vl = ventral lobe; vla = ventrolateral antenna. A, C = Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson; D. After. Joliet 1883; E. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Hydrobiologia 354: 165–175; (Segers 1997))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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)... ................................................................................................... 2 [Mucrons, if present, are best seen at apex of the anterior end in contracted animals.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54D21FD2DFCE9" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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1’ Animals lacking mucrons (
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<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149BC44D21FD96FDB3" box="[486,562,553,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Examples of critical characteristics used in differentiating Floscularia species. (See Table 1 for additional information.) A, B. Anterior ends showing features of the corona.A. Corona lateral view of F. conifera: tripartite pellet-forming organ (encircled with dotted line) with a pellet (p) in the modulus; B. Corona ventrolateral view of F. melicerta. C. Presence (F. conifera and F. decora) or absence (F. janus) of mucrons. D. Long peduncle of F. pedunculata; Insert: illustrations of two Floscularia spp. lacking peduncles. E. Examples of trophi showing weekly and strongly differentiated unci teeth. F. Examples of allorecruitive colony formation (three small colonies). Tubes in the upper left colony with rings (Edmondson 1945) for details. Symbols: d = debris; dl = dorsal lobe; f = foot; gt = gelatinous tube: dotted line indicates tube; i = insertion point of peduncle to foot; m = mouth; pd = peduncle; pt = pellet tube; s = substratum; sf = stem female of colony; tr = trophi in mastax; vl = ventral lobe; vla = ventrolateral antenna. A, C = Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson; D. After. Joliet 1883; E. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Hydrobiologia 354: 165–175; (Segers 1997))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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); ventrolateral antenna short; ventral lobes much larger than dorsal lobes, dorsal lobes very small and almost confluent along their dorsal margin; tube comprising gelatinous material embedded with large, egg-shaped masses; total body length ≤1600 µm; solitary (
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<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB71498834D6CFD7EFDF4" box="[673,730,612,634]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,179,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[158,1430,179,1879]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Floscularia janus. A. Dorsal view of an animal in its tube. B. Lateral view of an animal in its tube. C. Lateral view of an animal removed from its tube. D. Dorsal view of the corona showing medial notch in the labium. Symbols: arrows = modulus; a = antenna; an = anus; fp = fecal pellet; gt = elements of the gelatinous tube; lb = labium; m = mouth; S = substratum. Bar = 500 µm. (B = From Hudson, 1881; C = Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190313/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)........................................
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<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149EEE4D6CFA38FDF4" authority="(Hudson, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1228,1436,612,634]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="janus">
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<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149EEE4D6CFAA4FDF4" box="[1228,1280,612,633]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">janus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149F2E4D6CFA31FDF4" author="Hudson, C. T." box="[1292,1429,612,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref9697" refString="Hudson, C. T. (1881) On Oecistes janus and Floscularia trifolium, two new species of rotifers. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1881, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1881. tb 05964. x" type="journal article" year="1881">Hudson, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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[The trophi have been documented by
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<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71498434D89FD45FD1B" author="Koste, W." box="[609,737,641,662]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref10180" refString="Koste, W. (1978) Rotatoria. Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas. 2 Vols. Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 673 pp. (text), tafel 234 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1978">Koste (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71499364D89FC1CFD1B" author="Kutikova, L. A." box="[788,952,641,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="161 - 172" refId="ref10339" refString="Kutikova, L. A. (2007) PЯtь vidov koлovрatok сiмiйсtva Flosculariidae (Rotifera), ik лiciнki i мitaмoрфoZ [Five species of rotifers of the family Flosculariidae (Rotifera), their larvae and metamorphosis]. ZooЛogIЯ biсpoZVoнocныk, 4, 161 - 172. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 04.2.05" type="journal article" year="2007">Kutikova (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71499E64D89FBC1FD1B" author="Kutikova, L. A." box="[964,1125,641,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="161 - 172" refId="ref10339" refString="Kutikova, L. A. (2007) PЯtь vidov koлovрatok сiмiйсtva Flosculariidae (Rotifera), ik лiciнki i мitaмoрфoZ [Five species of rotifers of the family Flosculariidae (Rotifera), their larvae and metamorphosis]. ZooЛogIЯ biсpoZVoнocныk, 4, 161 - 172. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 04.2.05" type="journal article" year="2007">Kutikova (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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reports the masses to be “fecal lumps,” but also discusses their production in a modulus structure as follows. “Under the crown, below the oral funnel, an angular lower lip (length 30 µm) protrudes with a pit where fecal lumps (size 83–98 x 45–56 µm) are created for building a house. The pit is lined with cilia.”
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<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71498184DD1FD1EFD63" author="Koste, W." box="[570,698,729,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref10180" refString="Koste, W. (1978) Rotatoria. Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas. 2 Vols. Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 673 pp. (text), tafel 234 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1978">Koste (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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also refers to the mass as large pellets loosely associated with detritus and feces.] Regardless, if little particulate matter is available,
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<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB71499224DFFFCEFFC81" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[768,843,759,780]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="janus">
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<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB71499224DFFFCEFFC81" box="[768,843,759,780]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">F. janus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may produce “fairly transparent, irregular tubes” (
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<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149F0A4DFEFEB2FCA4" author="Edmondson, W. T." pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="433 - 459" refId="ref8623" refString="Edmondson, W. T. (1940) The sessile Rotatoria of Wisconsin. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 59, 433 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3222991" type="journal article" year="1940">Edmondson 1940</bibRefCitation>
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). The larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149B934C1CFE5BFCA4" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[433,511,788,809]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="janus">
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<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149B934C1CFE5BFCA4" box="[433,511,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">F. janus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may settle on filamentous algae in a series: i.e., the individuals are assembled in order of size (age) even when adequate space is available for arbitrary settling (
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<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71499704C39FC5BFCCB" author="Edmondson, W. T." box="[850,1023,817,839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="433 - 459" refId="ref8623" refString="Edmondson, W. T. (1940) The sessile Rotatoria of Wisconsin. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 59, 433 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3222991" type="journal article" year="1940">Edmondson 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).Apparently very rare in the plankton, W.T. Edmondson, pers. commun. Cosmopolitan.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54C64FA38FC0C" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" box="[151,1436,875,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">2(1) Mucrons smoothly curved (arched) without accessory projections.............................................. 5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54C81FA38FC13" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" box="[151,1436,905,927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">2’ Mucrons other....................................................................................... 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54CAEFA38FC54" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">3(2’) Mucrons bifid (tips with one tooth point forward and one inwardly) or mucrons complex and variable; pellet tube comprising densely or loosely packed, round pellets................................................................... 4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54CE9FAF6FB07" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
3’ Mucrons not bifid (tips flexed ventrally at near right angles pointed) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB71499A04CE9FC6AFC7B" box="[898,974,993,1015]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Examples of critical characteristics used in differentiating Floscularia species. (See Table 1 for additional information.) A, B. Anterior ends showing features of the corona.A. Corona lateral view of F. conifera: tripartite pellet-forming organ (encircled with dotted line) with a pellet (p) in the modulus; B. Corona ventrolateral view of F. melicerta. C. Presence (F. conifera and F. decora) or absence (F. janus) of mucrons. D. Long peduncle of F. pedunculata; Insert: illustrations of two Floscularia spp. lacking peduncles. E. Examples of trophi showing weekly and strongly differentiated unci teeth. F. Examples of allorecruitive colony formation (three small colonies). Tubes in the upper left colony with rings (Edmondson 1945) for details. Symbols: d = debris; dl = dorsal lobe; f = foot; gt = gelatinous tube: dotted line indicates tube; i = insertion point of peduncle to foot; m = mouth; pd = peduncle; pt = pellet tube; s = substratum; sf = stem female of colony; tr = trophi in mastax; vl = ventral lobe; vla = ventrolateral antenna. A, C = Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson; D. After. Joliet 1883; E. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Hydrobiologia 354: 165–175; (Segers 1997))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
); pellet tube comprising densely packed, bullet-shaped pellets; labium elongate, pointed; unci teeth weakly differentiated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB71499894CF6FC50FB9E" box="[939,1012,1022,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Examples of critical characteristics used in differentiating Floscularia species. (See Table 1 for additional information.) A, B. Anterior ends showing features of the corona.A. Corona lateral view of F. conifera: tripartite pellet-forming organ (encircled with dotted line) with a pellet (p) in the modulus; B. Corona ventrolateral view of F. melicerta. C. Presence (F. conifera and F. decora) or absence (F. janus) of mucrons. D. Long peduncle of F. pedunculata; Insert: illustrations of two Floscularia spp. lacking peduncles. E. Examples of trophi showing weekly and strongly differentiated unci teeth. F. Examples of allorecruitive colony formation (three small colonies). Tubes in the upper left colony with rings (Edmondson 1945) for details. Symbols: d = debris; dl = dorsal lobe; f = foot; gt = gelatinous tube: dotted line indicates tube; i = insertion point of peduncle to foot; m = mouth; pd = peduncle; pt = pellet tube; s = substratum; sf = stem female of colony; tr = trophi in mastax; vl = ventral lobe; vla = ventrolateral antenna. A, C = Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson; D. After. Joliet 1883; E. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Hydrobiologia 354: 165–175; (Segers 1997))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) total body length 500–2000 µm; solitary or colonies 2–c.35 individuals. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149BDE4B14FD92FBBC" box="[508,566,1052,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1267,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,199,1243]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Floscularia conifera. A. Lateral view of the anterior end. B. Small colony with three individuals attached to a stem female (sf). C. Rings of dark pellets formed after three successive rain storms that took place over approximately three days: consult Edmondson (1945). D. Damaged tube of a solitary individual. Symbols: arrow = modulus with a dark pellet being formed; a = antenna; cm = colony mates; d = damaged region; lb = labium; m = mouth; mx = mastax; pt = pellet tube; r = rings of dark pellets; S = substratum; sf = stem female (previously solitary). Bars = 500 µm. (A. Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190317/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149E924B14FA38FBBF" authority="(Hudson, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Hudson" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1200,1436,1052,1074]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149E924B14FAA4FBBC" box="[1200,1280,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">conifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149F2E4B14FA31FBBF" author="Hudson, C. T. & Gosse, P. H." box="[1292,1429,1052,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref9751" refString="Hudson, C. T. & Gosse, P. H. (1886) The Rotifera; or wheel-animalcules, both British and foreign. Vols. I & II. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, 128 pp. & 144 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10136" type="book" year="1886">Hudson, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[The trophi have been documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71498404B31FD49FBC3" author="Segers, H." box="[610,749,1081,1102]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The ultrastructure and tube of this species has been studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149F494B31FE19FBE6" author="Yang, H. & Hochberg, R." pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="319 - 328" refId="ref11700" refString="Yang, H. & Hochberg, R. (2018 a) Ultrastructural and elemental characterization of the extracorporeal tube of the sessile rotifer Floscularia conifera (Rotifera: Gnesiotrocha). Invertebrate Biology, 137, 319 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ivb. 12230" type="journal article" year="2018">Yang and Hochberg (2018a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149BE54B5EFD24FBE1" author="Edmondson, W. T." box="[455,640,1110,1132]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="141 - 172" refId="ref8702" refString="Edmondson, W. T. (1945) Ecological studies of sessile Rotatoria, Part II. Dynamics of populations and social structure. Ecological Monographs, 15, 141 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1948601" type="journal article" year="1945">Edmondson (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the dynamics of population growth and the social structure of solitary and colonial animals. The propensity to form colonies in this species has been reported by (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149E044B7CFB0AFB04" author="Wallace, R. L." box="[1062,1198,1140,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="141 - 155" refId="ref11257" refString="Wallace, R. L. (1987) Coloniality in the phylum Rotifera. Hydrobiologia, 147, 141 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00025737" type="journal article" year="1987">Wallace 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Cosmopolitan.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54B99FA37FB6F" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
4(3) Mucron tips bifid, (noted above); tube with loosely packed, round pellets; peduncle long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149E624B99FBDDFB2A" box="[1088,1145,1169,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[152,255,689,713]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,184,665]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[151,1436,181,665]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Floscularia bifida. A. Trophi, caudal view. B. Apical region, ventral view showing mucrons and ventrolateral antennae. Scale bars: as indicated. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Hydrobiologia 354: 165–175] and the author (Segers 1997))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190319/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149EC04B99FA38FB2B" authority="Segers, 1997" authorityName="Segers" authorityYear="1997" box="[1250,1436,1169,1190]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149EC04B99FABEFB2B" box="[1250,1306,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">bifida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149F024B99FA38FB2B" author="Segers, H." box="[1312,1436,1169,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Tube resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149BF44BA7FD8CFB4E" authorityName="Segers" authorityYear="1997" box="[470,552,1198,1220]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149BF44BA7FD8CFB4E" box="[470,552,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">F. bifida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB714987E4BA7FCF7FB4E" authority="(Segers 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Segers" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[604,851,1198,1220]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="ringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB714987E4BA7FD1BFB49" box="[604,703,1199,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">F. ringens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71498EC4BA6FCE8FB4E" author="Segers, H." box="[718,844,1198,1219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The adult (contracted) and trophi (asymmetric) have been documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149B594BC4FDA0FB6C" author="Segers, H." box="[379,516,1228,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The bifid dorsal hooks are apparently variable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71499F64BC4FB21FB6C" author="Segers, H. & Meksuwan, P. & Sanoamuang, L." box="[980,1157,1228,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="235 - 240" refId="ref10919" refString="Segers, H., Meksuwan, P. & Sanoamuang, L. (2010) New records of sessile rotifers (Phylum Rotifera: Flosculariacea, Collothecacea) from Southeast Asia. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 140, 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.26496 / bjz. 2010.174" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Segers
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149E394BC4FBE8FB6C" box="[1051,1100,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFDB7149EB74BC4FB49FB6F" box="[1173,1261,1228,1250]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. South America.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54BE1FCAFFADA" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
4’ Mucrons variable: large with two, strong, lateral spines, slightly incurved or almost straight pointing ventrally or with accessory projections near ends; pellet tube comprising loosely packed, round pellets; peduncle short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149E744A0EFB2BFA91" box="[1110,1167,1286,1308]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,882,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-70@12.[151,1436,882,1461]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Floscularia armata. A. Trophi (caudal view). B. Apical region, ventral view showing mucrons and ventrolateral antennae.Dotted oval: variations of the mucrons and accessory projections may occur in different specimens: consult the original descriptions in Segers (1997). Scale bars: as indicated. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Hydrobiologia 354: 165–175] and the author (Segers 1997))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190321/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
)....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149EF74A0FFA38FA96" authority="Segers, 1997" authorityName="Segers" authorityYear="1997" box="[1237,1436,1286,1308]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149EF74A0FFABEFA91" box="[1237,1306,1287,1308]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">armata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149F024A0EFA38FA96" author="Segers, H." box="[1312,1436,1286,1307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Tube resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149BF44A2CFD9CFAB4" baseAuthorityName="Segers" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[470,568,1316,1337]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="ringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149BF44A2CFD9CFAB4" box="[470,568,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">F. ringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB714984E4A2CFCF7FAB4" authority="(Segers 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Segers" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[620,851,1316,1337]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB714984E4A2CFD1BFAB4" box="[620,703,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">F. bifida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71498EC4A2CFCE8FAB4" author="Segers, H." box="[718,844,1316,1337]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The adult (contracted) and trophi (asymmetric) have been documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149B594A49FDA0FADB" author="Segers, H." box="[379,516,1345,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFDB714982F4A49FDC1FADA" box="[525,613,1345,1367]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. South America.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54A56FA38FAF9" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" box="[151,1436,1374,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">5(2) Tube composed of densely packed pellets; peduncle short or long.............................................. 6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54A73FB00F98A" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
5’ Tube composed solely of firm gelatinous material (clear or colored), embedded and/or covered by algae, bacteria, or debris partly obscuring the animal; labium and modulus broad; total body length ≤1600 µm; solitary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149E534A91FB0FFA23" box="[1137,1195,1433,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Floscularia melicerta. A. Anterio-ventral view. B. 3/4th Anterio-ventral view. C. Lateral view with little debris incorporated into its gelatinous tube; D. lateral view—tube with copious amounts of debris obscuring the gelatinous tube.A and B: Dashes outline the periphery of the gelatinous tube. Symbols: a = antenna; d = small bit of debris in the tube; gt = gelatinous tube; m = modulus; S = substratum. Bars: A, B = 100 µm; C, D = 500 µm. (C = From Hudson 1875.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190323/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149EAE4ABEFA38FA46" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1164,1436,1462,1484]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="melicerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149EAE4ABEFB43FA46" box="[1164,1255,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">melicerta</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1832)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[The trophi are illustrated by (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB71498264ADCFD7BFA64" author="Koste, W. & Bottger, K." box="[516,735,1492,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="407 - 438" refId="ref10240" refString="Koste, W. & Bottger, K. (1989) Rotatorien aus Gewassern Ecudadors. Amazoniana, 10, 407 - 438." type="journal article" year="1989">Koste & Böttger 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Drawings showing the layers in the gelatinous tubes were published by (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149ACA4AF9FECBF98A" author="Hudson, C. T." box="[232,367,1521,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="225 - 231" refId="ref9653" refString="Hudson, C. T. (1875) On a new Melicerta. The Monthly Microscopical Journal, 14, 225 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1875. tb 00072. x" type="journal article" year="1875">Hudson 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The layers of jelly are laid down by the animals as described above. Cosmopolitan.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB54906FB48F9F1" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
6(5) Tube composed of densely packed, clear, hexagonal, bullet-shaped pellets; dorsal hooks large, slightly curved; peduncle short; total body length ~500 µm; solitary or colonies of a few individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB714995B4924FC16F9CC" box="[889,946,1580,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,799]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[151,1436,181,801]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Floscularia decora. A. Ventral anterior view. B and C. Mucrons. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Symbols: a = antenna (right side); hp = hexagonal, bullet-shaped pellets; la = labium; mo = modulus. (Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190325/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
)..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149E874924FA38F9CC" authority="Edmondson, 1940" authorityName="Edmondson" authorityYear="1940" box="[1189,1436,1580,1602]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="decora">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149E874924FB4CF9CC" box="[1189,1256,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">decora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149ECC4924FA38F9CC" author="Edmondson, W. T." box="[1262,1436,1580,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="433 - 459" refId="ref8623" refString="Edmondson, W. T. (1940) The sessile Rotatoria of Wisconsin. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 59, 433 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3222991" type="journal article" year="1940">Edmondson, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[This species uses little particulate material in forming its clear pellets; these are large and hexagonal in shape at the anterior, but are flattened at the base. To our knowledge, the trophi have not been figured.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFDB71499CC496EFBE2F9F1" box="[1006,1094,1638,1660]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. North America.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB5498CFA38F914" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" box="[151,1436,1668,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">6’ Tube composed of densely packed round pellets; labium long or short; peduncle long or short........................ 7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB549A9FC3BF82F" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
7(6’) Quadridigitate, cuticular processes located on sides of neck; below the labium two conical processes, with a smaller knob in between, below another median knob; labium short, round; peduncle long; total body length ~750 µm; solitary, perhaps colonial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149ACB49D4FE87F97C" box="[233,291,1756,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1525,1549]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1053,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-77@14.[151,1436,1053,1501]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Floscularia pedunculata. A. Corona, dorsal view. B. Corona, lateral view. C. Corona closed, ventral view. D. Long peduncle. Symbols: arrow = modulus; a = antennae; cop = conical processes; f = foot; m = mouth; pd = peduncle; qcp = quadridigitate, cuticular processes. Bars = 100 µm. (Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) ….......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149E8249D4FA38F97C" authority="(Joliet, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Joliet" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1184,1436,1756,1778]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149E8249D4FAB3F97C" box="[1184,1303,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149F0149D4FA31F97C" author="Joliet, L." box="[1315,1429,1756,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="11 - 13" refId="ref9997" refString="Joliet, L. (1883) Monographie des Melicertes. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (131 - 122), 11 - 13." type="journal article" year="1883">Joliet, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149B3349F1FE29F883" author="Koste, W." box="[273,397,1785,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref10180" refString="Koste, W. (1978) Rotatoria. Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas. 2 Vols. Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 673 pp. (text), tafel 234 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1978">Koste (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Tafel 199, figure 4a–d for additional figures. Figure
|
||
<quantity id="07294F8EFFFDB714995949F1FC11F882" box="[891,949,1785,1807]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9463999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="in" value="116.0">116 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB714999B49F1FBE0F883" author="Remane, A." box="[953,1092,1785,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 448" refId="ref10657" refString="Remane, A. (1929 - 1933) Rotatorien. In: Grimpe, G. (Ed.), Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches IV. (Vermes). 2 (Aschelminthes). I (Rotatorien, Gastrotrichen und Kinorhychen). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 448. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1929">Remane (1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1933) illustrates the long peduncle. W.T. Edmondson (pers. commun.) notes that this species “… has a great resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149E0E481FFB2FF8A1" baseAuthorityName="Segers" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[1068,1163,1815,1836]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="ringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149E0E481FFB2FF8A1" box="[1068,1163,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">F. ringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” Indeed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFDB7149ECA481EFAC5F8A6" author="Joliet, L." box="[1256,1377,1814,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="11 - 13" refId="ref9997" refString="Joliet, L. (1883) Monographie des Melicertes. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (131 - 122), 11 - 13." type="journal article" year="1883">Joliet (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states much the same: “Cette différence dans la forme du tube des deux espèces correspond à un détail anatomique qui constitue à lui seul à peu près toute la différence qui existe entre elles.” Nevertheless, these species may be separated based on the presence of the quadridigitate processes and the conical processes, as well as the relative length of their peduncles. To our knowledge, the trophi have not been figured.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFDB7149BDC4884FD96F82F" box="[510,562,1932,1954]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFDB71498194884FD37F82F" box="[571,659,1932,1954]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. North and South America.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7149AB548A1FA38F833" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" box="[151,1436,1961,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">7’ Quadridigitate processes absent; conical processes absent; peduncle long; labium long or short....................... 8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFDB7159AB548CEFADEFECD" blockId="8.[151,1437,436,2042]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,467]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="410" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
8(7’) Labium short, blunt; unci teeth weekly differentiated; total body length 500–1900 µm; solitary or colonies of a few individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFDB7149ACB48ECFE8BF874" box="[233,303,2020,2042]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[152,201,1028,1052]" captionTargetBox="[273,1313,181,1004]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[273,1313,181,1004]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Floscularia ringens. A. Ventral view of an adult. B. Frontal view of trophi. C. Caudal view of trophi. Symbols: a = antenna; lb = labium; m = mouth pt = pellet tube; pt = pellet tube; slb = sublabium; Bars: as indicated. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Invertebrate Biology 122:231–240] and the authors (Fontaneto et al. 2003).)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190333/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) ……………...............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFDB7149E8848ECFA38F874" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Segers & Shiel" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1194,1436,2019,2042]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="ringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFDB7149E8848ECFB56F874" box="[1194,1266,2020,2041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">ringens</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[The mucrons resemble that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFCB715982E4F90FDC3FF21" authorityName="Edmondson" authorityYear="1940" box="[524,615,151,173]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="decora">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB715982E4F90FDC3FF21" box="[524,615,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">F. decora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFCB71598514F9FFD63FF20" box="[627,711,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[314,1274,179,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Examples of critical characteristics used in differentiating Floscularia species. (See Table 1 for additional information.) A, B. Anterior ends showing features of the corona.A. Corona lateral view of F. conifera: tripartite pellet-forming organ (encircled with dotted line) with a pellet (p) in the modulus; B. Corona ventrolateral view of F. melicerta. C. Presence (F. conifera and F. decora) or absence (F. janus) of mucrons. D. Long peduncle of F. pedunculata; Insert: illustrations of two Floscularia spp. lacking peduncles. E. Examples of trophi showing weekly and strongly differentiated unci teeth. F. Examples of allorecruitive colony formation (three small colonies). Tubes in the upper left colony with rings (Edmondson 1945) for details. Symbols: d = debris; dl = dorsal lobe; f = foot; gt = gelatinous tube: dotted line indicates tube; i = insertion point of peduncle to foot; m = mouth; pd = peduncle; pt = pellet tube; s = substratum; sf = stem female of colony; tr = trophi in mastax; vl = ventral lobe; vla = ventrolateral antenna. A, C = Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson; D. After. Joliet 1883; E. (Reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Hydrobiologia 354: 165–175; (Segers 1997))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190311/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFCB71598F24F90FCA1FF20" box="[720,773,152,173]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,799]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[151,1436,181,801]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Floscularia decora. A. Ventral anterior view. B and C. Mucrons. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Symbols: a = antenna (right side); hp = hexagonal, bullet-shaped pellets; la = labium; mo = modulus. (Reproduced from original art courtesy of W.T. Edmondson)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190325/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">8B,C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The trophi have been documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159E5C4F90FAFFFF20" author="Fontaneto, D. & Melone, G. & Wallace, R. L." box="[1150,1371,151,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="231 - 240" refId="ref9040" refString="Fontaneto, D., Melone, G. & Wallace, R. L. (2003) Morphology of Floscularia ringens (Rotifera, Monogononta) from egg to adult. Invertebrate Biology, 122, 231 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2003. tb 00087. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fontaneto
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB7159EC14F90FAB0FF21" box="[1251,1300,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159F464F90FE23FF47" author="Koste, W. & Poltz, J." pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="185 - 220" refId="ref10291" refString="Koste, W. & Poltz, J. (1987) Uber die Radertiere (Rotatoria, Phylum Aschelminthes) des Alfsees, eines Hochwasser- Ru ¨ ckhaltebeckens der Hase, NW-Deutschland, FRG. Osnabru ¨ cker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 13, 185 - 220." type="journal article" year="1987">Koste and Poltz (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159B9F4FBDFDE3FF47" author="Segers, H." box="[445,583,181,202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref10871" refString="Segers, H. (1997) Contribution to a revision of Floscularia Cuvier, 1798 (Rotifera: Monogononta): notes on some Neotropical taxa. Hydrobiologia, 354, 165 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003166911731" type="journal article" year="1997">Segers (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Several workers have reviewed the life history of this species, including tube building (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159ACA4FDAFED7FF6A" author="Bedwell, F. A." box="[232,371,210,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="214 - 223" refId="ref8192" refString="Bedwell, F. A. (1877) The building apparatus of Melicerta ringens. The Monthly Microscopical Journal, 18, 214 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1877. tb 00131. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Bedwell 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159B5C4FDBFDEBFF6A" author="Fontaneto, D. & Melone, G. & Wallace, R. L." box="[382,591,210,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="231 - 240" refId="ref9040" refString="Fontaneto, D., Melone, G. & Wallace, R. L. (2003) Morphology of Floscularia ringens (Rotifera, Monogononta) from egg to adult. Invertebrate Biology, 122, 231 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2003. tb 00087. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fontaneto
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB7159BC64FDBFDB2FF6A" box="[484,534,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB715987B4FDAFD69FF65" author="Gosse, P. H." box="[601,717,210,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="58 - 64" refId="ref9233" refString="Gosse, P. H. (1852) On the architectural instincts of Melicerta ringens, an animal of class Rotifera. Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London, 3, 58 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1852. tb 06030. x" type="journal article" year="1852">Gosse 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB71598F54FDAFCDBFF65" author="Santo, N. & Fontaneto, D. & Fascio, U. & Melone, G. & Caprioli, M." box="[727,895,210,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="223 - 229" refId="ref10720" refString="Santo, N., Fontaneto, D., Fascio, U., Melone, G. & Caprioli, M. (2005) External morphology and muscle arrangement of Brachionus urceolaris, Floscularia ringens, Hexarthra mira and Notommata glyphura (Rotifera, Monogononta). Hydrobiologia, 546, 223 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 005 - 4200 - 8" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Santo
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB71599374FDBFCE2FF6A" box="[789,838,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB71599AB4FDAFBE4FF6A" author="Tiefenbacher, L." box="[905,1088,210,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="31 - 78" refId="ref11160" refString="Tiefenbacher, L. (1972) Beitrage zur Biologie und Okologie sessiler Rotatorien unter besonder Berucksichtigung des Gehausebaues und der Regenerationsfahigkeit. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Beiheft, 71, 31 - 78." type="journal article" year="1972">Tiefenbacher 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159E684FDAFB6CFF65" author="Wright, H. G. S." box="[1098,1224,210,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="103 - 116" refId="ref11520" refString="Wright, H. G. S. (1950) A contribution to the study of Floscularia ringens. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, Series 4, 3, 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1950">Wright 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159EFA4FDAFA38FF6A" author="Tiefenbacher, L." box="[1240,1436,210,232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="31 - 78" refId="ref11160" refString="Tiefenbacher, L. (1972) Beitrage zur Biologie und Okologie sessiler Rotatorien unter besonder Berucksichtigung des Gehausebaues und der Regenerationsfahigkeit. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Beiheft, 71, 31 - 78." type="journal article" year="1972">Tiefenbacher (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied animal growth, pellet and colony formation and regeneration of the dorsal lobe. Charles Krebs submitted a winning photomicrograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFCB7159B814E06FDA5FEAF" authorityName="Segers & Shiel" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[419,513,269,291]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="ringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB7159B814E06FDA5FEAF" box="[419,513,269,291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">F. ringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the 2011 Olympus BioScapes Digital Imaging Competition (https://www.washingtonpost.com/ national/health-science/olympus-bioscapes-2011-winners-gallery/
|
||
<date id="B46FC4ABFFFCB71599424E22FC6CFECD" box="[864,968,298,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="2011-11-28">2011/11/28</date>
|
||
/gIQAGqys8N_gallery.html). Cosmopolitan.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06EE26BFFFCB7159AB54E40FD33FE5E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
8’ Labium elongate; unci teeth weekly differentiated; solitary or small, allorecruitive colonies; total body length ~1800 µm; (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EAFEEEFFFCB7159F574E4FFF5DFEF7" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1220,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-86@15.[215,1371,1220,1914]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Floscularia wallacei. A. From culture, young (left) and adult (right).B. Corona, lateral view.C. Corona, dorsal view. D. Mucrons, lateral view. E. Trophi, frontal view. F. Trophi, caudal view. Scale bars: A ~500 µm; D, E, F = 10 µm. (©Magnolia Press, reproduced with permission from the copyright holder [Zootaxa 1750: 19–31] and the authors (Segers & Shiel 2008).)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12190335/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFCB7159E5B4E6DFA38FEF7" authority="Segers & Shiel, 2008" authorityName="Segers & Shiel" authorityYear="2008" box="[1145,1436,357,379]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="wallacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB7159E5B4E6DFB6EFEF7" box="[1145,1226,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">wallacei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159EF24E6DFA38FEF7" author="Segers, H. & Shiel, R. J." box="[1232,1436,357,379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref10976" refString="Segers, H. & Shiel, R. J. (2008) Diversity of cryptic Metazoa in Australian freshwaters: a new genus and two new species of sessile rotifer (Rotifera, Monogononta, Gnesiotrocha, Flosculariidae). Zootaxa, 1750 (1), 19 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1750.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Segers & Shiel, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D199E8FFFCB7159B544E8AFDE4FE1A" authorityName="Segers & Shiel" authorityYear="2008" box="[374,576,386,407]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="wallacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB7159B544E8AFDE4FE1A" box="[374,576,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Floscularia wallacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were hatched and cultured from rehydrated dry sediments isolated from a billabong in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="02152C89FFFCB7159AC04E97FE8BFE38" box="[226,303,415,437]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFCB7159B1E4E97FE33FE38" box="[316,407,415,437]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159BE34EA8FD0CFE38" author="Segers, H. & Shiel, R. J." box="[449,680,415,437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref10976" refString="Segers, H. & Shiel, R. J. (2008) Diversity of cryptic Metazoa in Australian freshwaters: a new genus and two new species of sessile rotifer (Rotifera, Monogononta, Gnesiotrocha, Flosculariidae). Zootaxa, 1750 (1), 19 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1750.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Segers and Shiel (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who also documented its trophi. This species was also reported in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFCB7159F0B4E97FADAFE38" box="[1321,1406,415,437]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
by (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4409F9AFFFCB7159ACA4EB5FE66FE5F" author="Meksuwan, P. & Pholpunthin, P. & Segers, H." box="[232,450,445,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10478" refString="Meksuwan, P., Pholpunthin, P. & Segers, H. (2011) Diversity of sessile rotifers (Gnesiotrocha, Monogononta, Rotifera) in Thale Noi Lake, Thailand. Zootaxa, 2997 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2997.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Meksuwan
|
||
<emphasis id="F2A53E79FFFCB7159B7B4EB6FE2EFE5F" box="[345,394,445,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFCB7159BF34EB5FD88FE5E" box="[465,556,445,467]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C6A2FBFFFCB71598164EB5FD2BFE5E" box="[564,655,445,467]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |