568 lines
60 KiB
XML
568 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1143-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="876E46DB9C975ED6952F8025898B4717" ID-ZooBank="6550FE876B87411C825956068C03CC59" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1143-71" checkinTime="1674741933817" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hrivniak, Ľubos, Sartori, Michel, Sroka, Pavel & Bojkova, Jindriska" docDate="2023" docId="0573CA050E8953389878ACA919338F96" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1143: 71-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1143" docPubDate="2023-01-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148" docTitle="Simulacala rara Hrivniak & Bojkova 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5A2F303F-9F02-44C7-A511-AC1BAE447ABB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="876E46DB9C975ED6952F8025898B4717" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="876E46DB9C975ED6952F8025898B4717" masterDocTitle="Big diversity in a small hotspot: two new species of Leptophlebiidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from New Caledonia" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1674741933817" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Big diversity in a small hotspot: two new species of Leptophlebiidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from New Caledonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hrivniak, Ľubos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sartori, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Musee cantonal de zoologie, Palais de Rumine, Place de la Riponne 6, 1014 Lausanne, Switzerland & Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sroka, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bojkova, Jindriska</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1143</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1143-71</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6550FE876B87411C825956068C03CC59</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">876E46DB9C975ED6952F8025898B4717</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="multiple">
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||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5A2F303F-9F02-44C7-A511-AC1BAE447ABB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0573CA050E8953389878ACA919338F96" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/5A2F303F-9F02-44C7-A511-AC1BAE447ABB" authority="Hrivniak & Bojková" authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala rara" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara" status="sp. nov.">
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Simulacala rara Hrivniak &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bojková">Bojkova</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-02-03" collectorName="J. Bojkova, Hrivniak. Deposited" country="New Caledonia" county="Fridoline River" elevation="70" latitude="-20.490278" location="Female" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="164.25722" municipality="Chagrin" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0573CA050E8953389878ACA919338F96:EF151984D3E371456F986D075143B9E7" country="New Caledonia" county="Fridoline River" latitude="-20.490278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="164.25722" municipality="Chagrin" name="Female">Female</location>
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larva,
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<collectingCountry name="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Chagrin</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Fridoline River</collectingCounty>
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. (Loc. 98/2022),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20.4902778" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.490278">-20.4902778</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="164.2572222" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="164.25722">164.2572222</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2022-02-03">03.02.2022</collectingDate>
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; leg.
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<collectorName>
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J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bojková">Bojkova</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ľ">Ľ</normalizedToken>
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.
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<collectorName>Hrivniak. Deposited</collectorName>
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in MZL
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="J. Bojkova & Hrivniak. Deposited" country="New Caledonia" county="Fridoline River" elevation="70" latitude="-20.490278" location="Female" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="164.25722" municipality="Chagrin" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-larva="4" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCount type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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mounted on slide and deposited in IECA,
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<specimenCount type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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deposited in MZL-DNA extracted from both), same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Other material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">(used for DNA extraction; cuticular skin preserved and deposited in MZL).</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1825-12-01" collectingDateMax="1826-12-01" collectingDateMin="1825-12-01" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2">
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<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
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(GBIFCH
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<collectingDate value="1825-12-01">01121825</collectingDate>
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and GBIFCH
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<collectingDate value="1826-12-01">01121826</collectingDate>
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), same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description of larva.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Body length of middle-instar larvae 3.0-3.5 mm. Size of late-female and male instar larvae unknown. General coloration of body yellowish with dark brown markings. Body covered by sparse hair-like setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Prognathous, antennae more than 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than head. Coloration yellowish with dark brown markings as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5B</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala rara" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala rara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., larva:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
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habitus dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
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habitus lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
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habitus ventral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
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labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
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incisors and prostheca of left mandible
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
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incisors and prostheca of right mandible
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
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labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">H</emphasis>
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foreleg
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">I</emphasis>
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tarsal claw of foreleg
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">J</emphasis>
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abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">K</emphasis>
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abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
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gill V
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">M</emphasis>
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gill I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Mouthparts</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Shape of labrum and clypeus as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5D</figureCitation>
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. Labrum ca. 2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than long. Length and width of labrum approximately same as length and width of clypeus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5D</figureCitation>
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). Dorsal surface of labrum with scattered hair-like setae and two irregular rows of bristle-like setae along anterior margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5D</figureCitation>
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, left half; setae marked with dots). Anterior margin medially deeply cleft, with two large denticles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5D</figureCitation>
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). Ventral surface with long hair-like setae submedially and anterolaterally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5D</figureCitation>
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, right half). Lingua with well-developed lateral processes and deeply cleft anterior margin. Superlinguae laterally extended with bristle-like setae along dorsal margins, lateral margins acute (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A hypopharynx of Fasciamirus petersorum sp. nov. B maxilla of F. petersorum sp. nov. C hypopharynx of Simulacala rara sp. nov. D maxilla of S. rara sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800601" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">6C</figureCitation>
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). Both mandibles with two incisor groups, separated from base and equipped with denticles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5E, F</figureCitation>
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). Prostheca of right and left mandible similar, indistinctly divided into two branches, each with long filaments apically. Shape and setation of maxillae as on Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A hypopharynx of Fasciamirus petersorum sp. nov. B maxilla of F. petersorum sp. nov. C hypopharynx of Simulacala rara sp. nov. D maxilla of S. rara sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800601" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">6D</figureCitation>
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. Maxillary palps three-segmented, first and second segment of approximately same length, length of third segment 0.73-0.80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of second segment. Third segment triangular and broad at base. Shape of glossae and paraglossae as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5G</figureCitation>
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. Labial palps three-segmented, length of second segment 0.82-0.95
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of first segment, length of third segment 0.61-0.68
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of second segment. Third segment triangular, broad at base, with spine-like setae on inner and dorsal margins (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800601" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
|
||
hypopharynx of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Fasciamirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fasciamirus petersorum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petersorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Fasciamirus petersorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. petersorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="petersorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F. petersorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
|
||
hypopharynx of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala rara" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Yellowish with dark brown markings dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Yellowish, without apparent pattern (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5B, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maximum width of tibiae 1.41-1.60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of tarsi. Tibiae oval in cross-section. Inner margins of femora indented in apical half. Claws with 3-5 large denticles (apically progressively longer); apical part of claws hooked with a row of small denticles as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5I</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Terga brownish with pale markings forming median stripe and pair of medio-lateral elongated maculae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Terga darkened sub-laterally. Sterna yellowish, without pattern (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Postero-lateral spines on abdominal segments VI-IX (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines on segment IX apically indented (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior portion of sternum IX triangular, rounded apically (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Gills</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
On abdominal segments I-VII. Shape of all gills alike; all gills divided from near base. Each branch narrow and distinctly elongated (e.g. gill IV in middle-instar larvae reaches or exceeds end of abdomen), smoothly tapered to apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5A, L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lamellae pale grey, tracheae greyish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Caudal filaments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Yellowish, terminal filament little longer than cerci. Cerci length approximately 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="subimago, imago, and egg">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Subimago, imago, and egg.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">The species is named according to its rare occurrence in Grande Terre. Feminine.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="generic attribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Generic attribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The larva of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on the following morphological characters: i) inner margin of third segment of labial palps has thick heavy spines; ii) glossae of labium are straight; iii) denticles on claws are progressively larger apically, except apical denticle larger to much larger; iv) third segment of the maxillary palps is 3/4 to 4/5 length of second segment; and v) abdominal gills I-VII are deeply forked and 2 portions of lamellae overlap; each portion is long and smoothly to abruptly tapered to apex.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mary, N" journalOrPublisher="DAVAR Nouvelle-Caledonie, OEIL, CNRT" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B13" refString="Mary, N, 2017. Les macro-invertebres benthiques des cours d'eau de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Guide d'identification. Version revisee 2017. DAVAR Nouvelle-Caledonie, OEIL, CNRT" title="Les macro-invertebres benthiques des cours d'eau de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Guide d'identification. Version revisee 2017." year="2017">Mary (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added two additional characters for the identification of the genus: i) anterior margin of labrum with 2 or 3 large denticles and ii) length of the distal segment of the labial palp approximately equal to its maximum width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Almost all generic characters mentioned above correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. suggesting its position in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only exception is the length of the distal segment of the labial palps, reaching approximately 1.5 times its width. Nevertheless, other characteristics of labial palps, notably the presence of dense spines on the inner and dorsal margins correspond to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Fasciamirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fasciamirus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Fasciamirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their larvae possess similar morphological characters as indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They can be distinguished based on the presence of dark bands on femora of all legs in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Fasciamirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fasciamirus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Fasciamirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas these bands are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this applies to imagos, subimagos and larvae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to our observation, this coloration pattern is visible already in younger larval instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Fasciamirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fasciamirus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Fasciamirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Femora of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. do not exhibit dark bands, suggesting an attribution to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, longer and wider triangular shape of the third segment of maxilary palp in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is characteristic for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 110 and Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A hypopharynx of Fasciamirus petersorum sp. nov. B maxilla of F. petersorum sp. nov. C hypopharynx of Simulacala rara sp. nov. D maxilla of S. rara sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800601" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Fasciamirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fasciamirus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Fasciamirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a rather narrower triangular and a shorter third segment of maxilary palps (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 104 and Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A hypopharynx of Fasciamirus petersorum sp. nov. B maxilla of F. petersorum sp. nov. C hypopharynx of Simulacala rara sp. nov. D maxilla of S. rara sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800601" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
According to the larval morphological characters given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mary, N" journalOrPublisher="DAVAR Nouvelle-Caledonie, OEIL, CNRT" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B13" refString="Mary, N, 2017. Les macro-invertebres benthiques des cours d'eau de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Guide d'identification. Version revisee 2017. DAVAR Nouvelle-Caledonie, OEIL, CNRT" title="Les macro-invertebres benthiques des cours d'eau de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Guide d'identification. Version revisee 2017." year="2017">Mary (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is attributable to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on following characters: i) third segment of labial palps broad, triangular, with spine-like setae on inner margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5G</figureCitation>
|
||
); ii) gills lanceolate, narrow (width of both branches less than 1/3 of length) and divided at base (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
); iii) tibiae of all legs oval in cross-section; iv) denticles on claws are progressively larger apically with apical denticle larger to much larger (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5I</figureCitation>
|
||
); v) glossae of labium are straight (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5G</figureCitation>
|
||
); vi) segment 3 of the maxillary palps is 3/4 to 4/5 length of segment 2 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A hypopharynx of Fasciamirus petersorum sp. nov. B maxilla of F. petersorum sp. nov. C hypopharynx of Simulacala rara sp. nov. D maxilla of S. rara sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800601" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); vii) femora of all legs without dark apical and distal maculae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
We do not rule out the possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. may represent a separate monospecific genus, as the larval morphological convergences in New Caledonia are extreme and adults, bearing more informative systematic traits, are unknown. Nevertheless, the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are morphologically most similar to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as currently defined. Therefore, we describe this species therein until the large-scale revision of New Caledonian
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1980" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Atalophlebiinae">Atalophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is completed, based on larger number of mitochondrial and nuclear markers. This revision is currently in preparation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="larval morphological diagnostics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Larval morphological diagnostics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala rara" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: i) all gills narrow, smoothly tapering to the apex, distinctly elongated and reaching or exceeding end of abdomen in middle-instar larvae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5A, L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
); ii) femora and mesobasisternum without dark markings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5B, H</figureCitation>
|
||
); iii) anteromedian margin of labrum with two large denticles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Three other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in Grande Terre:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala notialis" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notialis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala notialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peters, Peters & Edmunds, 1990,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. massula" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="massula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. massula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peters, Peters & Edmunds, 1990, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. milleti" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="milleti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. milleti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peters, Peters & Edmunds, 1990.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala rara" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known species by distinctly elongated and narrow gills (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Simulacala rara sp. nov., larva: A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C habitus ventral D labrum (left half dorsal, right half ventral) and clypeus E incisors and prostheca of left mandible F incisors and prostheca of right mandible G labium (left half dorsal, right half ventral) H foreleg I tarsal claw of foreleg J abdomen in ventral view (segments V-IX) K abdomen in lateral view (segments V-X) L gill V M gill I." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800600" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5A, L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala notialis" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notialis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala notialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by shorter (gill IV reaches tergum VII) and wider gills that taper abruptly toward the apex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 131).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala massula" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="massula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala massula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. milleti" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="milleti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. milleti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have gills that taper gently toward the apex, but are distinctly shorter (gill IV in middle-instar larvae reaches tergum VII-IX) and that are wider (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 132, 135, respectively) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. with narrow gills and gill IV reaching or exceeding end of abdomen in middle-instar larvae.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters, Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala massula" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="massula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala massula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by a blackish macula on the anterior margin of the mesobasisternum and apically darkened femora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, WL" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B23" refString="Peters, WL, Peters, JG, Edmunds, Jr GF, 1990. The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 23: 121 - 140" title="The Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae of New Caledonia (Ephemeroptera). Part V. - Systematics." volume="23" year="1990">Peters et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 133) from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rara" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. milleti" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="milleti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. milleti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with femora and thoracic sterna without any pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Distribution and habitat preferences.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The species was found in the single stream Fridoline (a small stream, 3-5 m wide) in the northern province of Grande Terre (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Location of New Caledonia and distribution of the two new species in Grande Terre, Fasciamirus petersorum sp. nov. - orange circles and Simulacala rara sp. nov. - red circle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800596" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), on ultramafic bedrock. Its catchment includes the area of old chromite mines and active nickel laterite mines. We did not find elevated concentrations of dissolved metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni) in the stream water, but magnesium content was very high (66.7 mgl-1) and bed surface was rich in iron precipitates. The stream was eutrophic, with total P concentration 26.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µgl-">µgl-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1 and about 70% cover of bed substrate by filamentous green algae. The sampled section had riffles with slightly turbulent flow and gravel substrate, and predominant slow-flowing part with sandy and fine gravel substrate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A type locality of Fasciamirus petersorum sp. nov. B, C variability in habitat of F. petersorum sp. nov. D, E type locality of Simulacala rara sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800602" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae were collected from fine gravel and sand behind stones in the riffles. They avoided similar fine-grained sediments in the slow-flowing part of the section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.96148.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800602" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
|
||
type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Fasciamirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fasciamirus petersorum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petersorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Fasciamirus petersorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
variability in habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. petersorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="petersorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F. petersorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrivniak & Bojkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simulacala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulacala rara" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Simulacala rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |