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<document id="64D09F503F218D02C404492CAA74E3B7" ID-DOI="10.1046/j.0024-4082.2003.00063.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432634" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630430411089" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Klautau, Michelle &amp; Valentine, Clare" docDate="2003" docId="03D5484CD43EC37EFC9FFF79FE3CFCE5" docLanguage="en" docName="j.0024-4082.2003.00063.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139 (1)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.0024-4082.2003.00063.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Clathrina quadriradiata Klautau &amp; Borojevic 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFEC3034D41CC35DFFB9FFBBFFF1FFDA" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1699266930391" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="129A5288882E6458EAEADEE7CB280385">Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="521690CAE814AC111677EDE7DC8923AC">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A241011520957B00E73B60C014C81F51">Valentine, Clare</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CB75AC58A509A4FFA940CF3104DDEFD5">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3C24314A3D3F3626EA656E5A06F9B7E9">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C0507C8984C51097F5DFD2DD9F6CC088">2003-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9E3EBE12D9FA275A5C3B4C71919CC26D">139</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="08292B017E96CB9F018E632E6FCDB8AE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E037644DDC1586C6433368C4D1025523" type="DOI">10.1046/j.0024-4082.2003.00063.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="329AEBD05520D68A66B2C84B3FE07EE4" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A5FF26C0550B2D93EC80166A15A631C7" type="Zenodo-Dep">5432634</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D5484CD43EC37EFC9FFF79FE3CFCE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5484CD43EC37EFC9FFF79FE3CFCE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D5484CD43EC37EFC9FFF79FE3CFCE5" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="C366AAD1D43EC37FFC9FFF79FB83FF20" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFC9FFF79FA72FF00" blockId="34.[806,1411,194,250]" box="[806,1411,194,218]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D08B4E36D43EC37FFC9FFF79FA72FF00" allCaps="true" box="[806,1411,194,218]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFC9FFF79FB94FF03" ID-CoL="8HZDK" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2001" box="[806,1125,194,218]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFC9FFF79FB94FF03" box="[806,1125,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">CLATHRINA QUADRIRADIATA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFED84ABD43EC37FFBD5FF79FA72FF00" author="Klautau M &amp; Borojevic R" box="[1132,1411,194,218]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="395 - 410" refId="ref35668" refString="Klautau M, Borojevic R. 2001. Calcareous sponges from Arraial do Cabo - Brazil (I: the genus Clathrina). Zoosystema 23: 395 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">KLAUTAU &amp; BOROJEVIC,</bibRefCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFB83FF59FB83FF20" blockId="34.[806,1411,194,250]" box="[1082,1138,226,250]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2001</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366AAD1D43EC37EFC9BFEAFFE3CFCE5" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFC9BFEAFFA7AFEF3" blockId="34.[802,1419,275,297]" box="[802,1419,275,297]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<materialsCitation id="3B14F307D43EC37FFC9BFEAFFA77FEF3" box="[802,1414,275,297]" country="Brazil" location="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFC9BFEAFFC4BFEF2" box="[802,954,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFC9BFEAFFCA6FEF3" box="[802,855,276,297]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EA3AF81D43EC37FFC7FFEA8FB8FFEF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5484CD43EC37EFC9FFF79FE3CFCE5:8EA3AF81D43EC37FFC7FFEA8FB8FFEF3" box="[966,1150,275,297]" country="Brazil" name="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Arraial do Cabo</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B837B8D43EC37FFB33FEA8FAC0FEF3" box="[1162,1329,275,297]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36BB9CAD43EC37FFA84FEA8FA77FEF3" box="[1341,1414,275,297]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFC9BFEE8FC16FE7F" blockId="34.[802,1418,338,421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFC9BFEE8FCAFFEB2" box="[802,862,339,360]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B14F307D43EC37FFCD2FEE9FC12FE7F" collectingDate="1990-03-18" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="G. Muricy" country="Brazil" location="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="BMNH 1999.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBDA5121D43EC37FFCD2FEE9FBE5FEB2" box="[875,1044,338,360]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">BMNH 1999.9</specimenCode>
.16.30 (
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFBDEFEE9FB3BFEB2" box="[1127,1226,338,360]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
/alcohol).
<location id="8EA3AF81D43EC37FFA8EFEE9FC8FFE5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5484CD43EC37EFC9FFF79FE3CFCE5:8EA3AF81D43EC37FFA8EFEE9FC8FFE5D" country="Brazil" name="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Arraial do Cabo</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B837B8D43EC37FFC30FECAFBDDFE5D" box="[905,1068,369,391]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36BB9CAD43EC37FFB8EFECAFB71FE5D" box="[1079,1152,369,391]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Collected by
<collectorName id="26899C8CD43EC37FFAA3FECAFA7BFE5D" box="[1306,1418,369,391]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. Muricy</collectorName>
(
<date id="FFC2DF9AD43EC37FFC92FE34FC2BFE7F" box="[811,986,399,421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1990-03-18">
<collectingDate id="EF862672D43EC37FFC92FE34FC2BFE7F" box="[811,986,399,421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1990-03-18">18 March 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF03A9D2D43EC37FFF37FB91FE6FFB81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432686/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[142,220,1066,1085]" targetBox="[146,754,199,1034]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFF37FB91FE6FFB81" blockId="34.[142,758,1066,1115]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFF37FB91FEF2FBE7" bold="true" box="[142,259,1066,1085]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFEB6FB91FDF6FBE7" baseAuthorityName="von Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[271,519,1066,1085]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFEB6FB91FDF6FBE7" box="[271,519,1066,1085]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Clathrina procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, skeleton. B, triactines. Scale bar = 100 Mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFF37FB21FEAFFA19" blockId="34.[142,758,1178,1905]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
attached to a
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFE8EFB21FE7FFB75" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[311,398,1178,1199]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFE8EFB21FE7FFB75" box="[311,398,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mytilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shell (the
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFDADFB21FD81FB75" box="[532,624,1178,1199]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
), which we analysed. Together with the
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFE58FB02FDCDFB14" box="[481,572,1209,1230]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, we also analysed the
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFF53FB6CFEA3FB37" box="[234,338,1239,1261]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, which is indeed very different from the
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFF7BFB4DFEEAFAD1" box="[194,283,1270,1291]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
(Dendy mentioned that he received a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFEA4FAAEFE32FAF0" baseAuthorityName="von Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[285,451,1301,1322]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFEA4FAAEFE32FAF0" box="[285,451,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but he did not say that it was a type). The
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFEE3FA88FE31FA93" box="[346,448,1331,1353]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is probably a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFF37FAE8FED2FAB2" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[142,291,1363,1384]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="protogenes">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFF37FAE8FED2FAB2" box="[142,291,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">L. protogenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and thus not a clathrina. On the other hand, the
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFEBDFACAFEACFA5C" box="[260,349,1393,1414]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
evidently corresponds to the specimen described by von Lendenfeld as
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFDF0FA2BFEA6FA19" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="procumbens" subGenus="Clathrina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFDF0FA2BFD6AFA7F" box="[585,667,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ascetta</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFD17FA34FF4FFA1E" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Clathrina</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFF76FA15FEA6FA19" box="[207,343,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFF1EFA76FEF8F963" blockId="34.[142,758,1178,1905]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The specimens
<collectionCode id="ED6D619FD43EC37FFECEFA76FE38FA38" box="[375,457,1485,1506]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">BMNH</collectionCode>
1886.6.7.1–2 (
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFD36FA76FD05FA38" box="[655,756,1485,1506]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
attached to the
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFEF2FA50FE53F9DA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[331,418,1515,1536]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFEF2FA50FE53F9DA" box="[331,418,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mytilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shell) match the description and the drawing of the cormus made by von Lendenfeld. However, the description of the shape of the actines is not the same. He wrote that ‘The rays are pretty stout, conic and slightly rounded at the ends’, while we consider the same spicules to be conical, with sharp tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFF1EF979FD5EF8AB" blockId="34.[142,758,1178,1905]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
We consider
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFE87F979FE12F90D" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[318,483,1730,1751]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFE87F979FE12F90D" box="[318,483,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a true species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFF37F95AFF0FF92C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[142,254,1761,1782]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFF37F95AFF0FF92C" box="[142,254,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFEE5F95AFE30F92C" box="[348,449,1761,1782]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of which are
<collectionCode id="ED6D619FD43EC37FFD1DF95AFD07F92C" box="[676,758,1761,1782]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">BMNH</collectionCode>
1886.6.7.1–2. The proposed
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFE60F944FDCEF8CF" box="[473,575,1791,1813]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of this species (
<collectionCode id="ED6D619FD43EC37FFF2CF8A5FF19F8E9" box="[149,232,1822,1843]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">BMNH</collectionCode>
1886.6.7.3) does not correspond to even the same genus as the
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D43EC37FFE3DF886FE18F888" box="[388,489,1853,1874]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFDA2F886FD52F888" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[539,675,1853,1874]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFDA2F886FD52F888" box="[539,675,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being probably a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFE19F8E7FD59F8AB" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[416,680,1883,1905]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="protogenes" subGenus="Ascaltis">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFE19F8E7FE46F8AB" box="[416,439,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFE7FF8E0FDD1F8AA" box="[454,544,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ascaltis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFD89F8E7FD59F8AB" box="[560,680,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">protogenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFC9BFE75FA72FE3E" blockId="34.[802,1411,462,484]" box="[802,1411,462,484]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFC9BFE75FC84FE39" box="[802,885,462,483]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Colour:</emphasis>
Cormus is white in life and when preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFC9BFDB6FB93FD47" blockId="34.[802,1418,525,853]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFC9BFDB6FC5AFDF8" box="[802,939,525,546]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description:</emphasis>
The specimen studied is very small. Formed of very thin, regular and tightly anastomosed tubes. Oscula are simple openings located on the top of conical projections, which receive the excurrent water from water-collecting tubes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFC82FD1DFABCFC8F" blockId="34.[802,1418,525,853]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The skeleton comprises tetractines (
<figureCitation id="1347E5DFD43EC37FFB62FD1DFACAFD66" box="[1243,1339,678,700]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="34.[802,880,1856,1875]" captionTargetBox="[806,1414,961,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-391@34.[806,1414,960,1823]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 28. Clathrina quadriradiata. A, tetractine. B, apical actine of a tetractine (arrow). Scale bar = 100 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432688/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
) and a few triactines. Actines are straight and conical, with blunt tips. The apical actine of the tetractines (
<figureCitation id="1347E5DFD43EC37FFC93FCB9FC7BFCC2" box="[810,906,770,792]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="34.[802,880,1856,1875]" captionTargetBox="[806,1414,961,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-391@34.[806,1414,960,1823]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 28. Clathrina quadriradiata. A, tetractine. B, apical actine of a tetractine (arrow). Scale bar = 100 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432688/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
) is only a little thinner than the facial ones at the base. It is also shorter, conical, sharp and smooth. Only
<specimenCount id="9D7A32D3D43EC37FFCDBFCFBFC0DFC8F" box="[866,1020,831,853]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
of this species was collected.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF03A9D2D43EC37FFC9BF8FBFAA7F8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432688/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[802,880,1856,1875]" targetBox="[806,1414,961,1823]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43EC37FFC9BF8FBFAA7F8AB" blockId="34.[802,1418,1856,1905]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFC9BF8FBFC69F889" bold="true" box="[802,920,1856,1875]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43EC37FFC1AF8FBFB5AF889" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2001" box="[931,1195,1856,1875]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43EC37FFC1AF8FBFB5AF889" box="[931,1195,1856,1875]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Clathrina quadriradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, tetractine. B, apical actine of a tetractine (arrow). Scale bar = 100 Mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43FC37EFE80FF67FCF0FE45" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<table id="F97C0BFAD43F3CA2FF22FF67FCF0FE45" box="[155,769,220,415]" colsContinueIn="35.[819,1433,663,913]" gridcols="8" gridrows="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<tr id="354CFB18D43F3CA2FF22FF67FCF0FF35" box="[155,769,220,239]" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE80FF67FE4CFF35" box="[313,445,220,239]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Length (Mm)</th>
<th id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDEAFF67FD22FF35" box="[595,723,220,239]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Width (Mm)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D43F3CA2FF22FEACFCF0FEF0" box="[155,769,279,298]" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE80FEACFE94FEF0" box="[313,357,279,298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">min</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FEC2FEACFE4CFEF0" box="[379,445,279,298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mean</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE73FEACFE0AFEF0" box="[458,507,279,298]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">s</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDA8FEACFDCFFEF0" box="[529,574,279,298]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">max</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDEAFEACFD7CFEF0" box="[595,653,279,298]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mean</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD18FEACFD22FEF0" box="[673,723,279,298]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">s</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD51FEACFCF0FEF0" box="[744,769,279,298]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43FC37EFD51FEACFD07FEF3" box="[744,758,279,297]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">n</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D43F3CA2FF22FEEAFCF0FEBF" box="[155,769,337,357]" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="769D9264D43F3CA2FF22FEEAFED5FEBF" box="[155,292,337,357]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Triactines</th>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE80FEEAFE94FEBF" box="[313,357,337,357]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">47.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FEC2FEEAFE4CFEBF" box="[379,445,337,357]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">56.3</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE73FEEAFE0AFEBF" box="[458,507,337,357]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">± 4.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDA8FEEAFDCFFEBF" box="[529,574,337,357]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">67.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDEAFEEAFD7CFEBF" box="[595,653,337,357]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">6.3</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD18FEEAFD22FEBF" box="[673,723,337,357]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">± 0.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD51FEEAFCF0FEBF" box="[744,769,337,357]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D43F3CA2FF22FED4FCF0FE58" box="[155,769,367,386]" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="769D9264D43F3CA2FF22FED4FED5FE58" box="[155,292,367,386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tetractines</th>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE80FED4FE94FE58" box="[313,357,367,386]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">42.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FEC2FED4FE4CFE58" box="[379,445,367,386]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">54.3</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE73FED4FE0AFE58" box="[458,507,367,386]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">± 4.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDA8FED4FDCFFE58" box="[529,574,367,386]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">62.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDEAFED4FD7CFE58" box="[595,653,367,386]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">6.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD18FED4FD22FE58" box="[673,723,367,386]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">± 0.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD51FED4FCF0FE58" box="[744,769,367,386]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D43F3CA2FF22FE37FCF0FE45" box="[155,769,396,415]" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="769D9264D43F3CA2FF22FE37FED5FE45" box="[155,292,396,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Apical actine</th>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE80FE37FE94FE45" box="[313,357,396,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">20.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FEC2FE37FE4CFE45" box="[379,445,396,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">34.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FE73FE37FE0AFE45" box="[458,507,396,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">± 8.3</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDA8FE37FDCFFE45" box="[529,574,396,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">55.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FDEAFE37FD7CFE45" box="[595,653,396,415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">4.3</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD18FE37FD22FE45" box="[673,723,396,415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">± 0.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D43F3CA2FD51FE37FCF0FE45" box="[744,769,396,415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">30</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43FC37EFF0AFE53FDB7FD80" blockId="35.[155,770,488,602]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Although the tetractines are more abundant in relation to the triactines, this species is very different from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43FC37EFF22FD9EFED6FDE1" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2001" box="[155,295,549,571]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetractina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43FC37EFF22FD9EFED6FDE1" box="[155,295,549,571]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. tetractina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Triactines, although few, can still be found, while the spicules are shorter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD43FC37EFF22FDC9FE3CFCE5" blockId="35.[155,771,626,832]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43FC37EFF22FDC9FEF7FD5D" box="[155,262,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species is also very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43FC37EFD21FDC9FCF2FD5D" authorityName="Klautau, Sole-Cava &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="1994" box="[664,771,626,647]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aspina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43FC37EFD21FDC9FCF2FD5D" box="[664,771,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. aspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43FC37EFF75FD2AFE9CFD7F" authorityName="Sole-Cava, Klautau, Boury-Esnault, Borojevic &amp; Thorpe" authorityYear="1991" box="[204,365,656,678]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43FC37EFF75FD2AFE9CFD7F" box="[204,365,656,678]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it has no tripods and tetractines are more abundant than triactines, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43FC37EFF22FD75FEF4FD39" authorityName="Klautau, Sole-Cava &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="1994" box="[155,261,718,739]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aspina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43FC37EFF22FD75FEF4FD39" box="[155,261,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. aspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D43FC37EFEFAFD75FE15FD39" authorityName="Sole-Cava, Klautau, Boury-Esnault, Borojevic &amp; Thorpe" authorityYear="1991" box="[323,484,718,739]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9082548D43FC37EFEFAFD75FE15FD39" box="[323,484,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, triactines are the main spicule. A less evident characteristic concerns the cormus, which is less regularly anastomosed in this species than in the other two.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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