376 lines
47 KiB
XML
376 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="267E5505FD8ECDA0D894CD292B446C74" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3895.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc5d64a5-8aea-47e7-b0c6-3c84d5aa914e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228001" ID-ZooBank="20E09C24-7B96-420A-9E48-FE82251D97C5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460998343819" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maier, Crystal A. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2014" docId="03BFC572F47ADE66C2E4FD1144A18131" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03895p072.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3895 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lutrochus grenadaensis Maier & Short, 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" masterDocId="FF86BD0AF47EDE61C273FFA5403D802C" masterDocTitle="Review of the Lutrochidae (Coleoptera) of the Guianas and Lesser Antilles, with description of four new species" updateTime="1698563504948" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="D6B609D928D14D6CA61420BD5BCEB535" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="811AAD1DA63A20A7EFE705AEF3649451">
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<mods:title id="DD33C72753B92F87FF92B6C513358C15">Review of the Lutrochidae (Coleoptera) of the Guianas and Lesser Antilles, with description of four new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BA0DDBCB1B0079EDC6ED3EDC43BF5D25" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EFDFDBE0704EDFF9160F3D8F596FD348">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF5CD29EB79F49C679E21A59DA010588">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="38A1338BF545C8B5F21072D95D3C993D">Maier, Crystal A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="56DD5FBF1415690733EAA74E5CDD37CB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0440B1334ED66482E2E740897E1665BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="03DC223399DDD96DC7DB76886FE0414B">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="561C65FB991AE307CD8672C1EBD6E339">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DEE36E20B240CEEB00793BFD8E61F86D">
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<mods:title id="E96C537779DD707327FC60EE08F7C0A3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5ED23A973F442C0FC7ED351FCF1564F5">
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<mods:date id="4F283865D12035BBD3EB39F5101B486D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="63D0FE182B47C370AA2F7696E5C00CAF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6DCA11AC132BA32E45BC7A6066E39954">3895</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E447FFC97E2D0D3798864932694FC753" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="52D6834FA833705259B68DAF86811B8D">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="79E940DD565202524B42F41BA0CA8BD3">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CF895F08BE76335B596E9E75B772A1ED" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3895.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2172F609F24CBE87FDFB38ED51A5707F" type="GBIF-Dataset">bc5d64a5-8aea-47e7-b0c6-3c84d5aa914e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="54F40C1B78E5F6E8000C53E42959B5D4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A45395E4F7C71C17010F4EFB086B38EA" type="Zenodo-Dep">228001</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4481BC83696DF5C046374F01FBB1E54F" type="ZooBank">20E09C24-7B96-420A-9E48-FE82251D97C5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BFC572F47ADE66C2E4FD1144A18131" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141169" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6141169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BFC572F47ADE66C2E4FD1144A18131" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BFC572F47ADE66C2E4FD1144A18131" lastPageId="7" pageId="4">
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<subSubSection id="C30C27EFF47ADE65C2E4FD11410782C3" pageId="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2E4FD11423882E2" blockId="4.[151,517,692,751]" box="[151,517,692,718]" pageId="4">
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<heading id="D0E1C308F47ADE65C2E4FD11423882E2" bold="true" box="[151,517,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C2E4FD11423882E2" bold="true" box="[151,517,692,718]" pageId="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C2E4FD11418682E2" box="[151,443,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadaensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C2E4FD11418682E2" bold="true" box="[151,443,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="4">Lutrochus grenadaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251150DF47ADE65C3B1FD11423882E2" box="[450,517,692,718]" pageId="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2E4FD73410782C3" blockId="4.[151,517,692,751]" box="[151,314,726,751]" pageId="4">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C2ECFD7340D382C3" box="[159,238,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1160,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,1160,1738]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1. Map of northeastern South America showing collection localities of L. funkae, L. leeanneae, L. grenadensis, and L. wao. 2. Habitat of L. wao, collected in partially submerged leafpacks that were caught behind a fallen branch in a flowing forested stream." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228002/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C289FD72410E82C3" box="[250,307,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">7–11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C27EFF47ADE65C2E4FCBB45038423" pageId="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2E4FCBB45038423" blockId="4.[151,1437,798,2011]" pageId="4">
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C2E4FCBB4237831B" bold="true" box="[151,522,798,823]" pageId="4">
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<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F47ADE65C2E4FCBB40EF831B" box="[151,210,798,823]" pageId="4">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F47ADE65C322FCBB4183831B" box="[337,446,798,823]" pageId="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male:
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</emphasis>
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“Mont Plaisir R.,
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<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F47ADE65C090FCBB437C831B" box="[739,833,798,823]" name="Grenada" pageId="4">Grenada</collectingCountry>
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/
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<date id="FFA852A4F47ADE65C127FCBA43C8831B" box="[852,1013,798,823]" pageId="4" value="1965-05-16">May 16, 1965</date>
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H. P. Brown” “
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C6DDFCBB4552831B" box="[1198,1391,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Lutrochus luteus</taxonomicName>
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/ 22 a[dults] 1 l[arva]” “LABOULBENIALES/ R.K. Benjamin; No. Ex.” “OMNH-20661”
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<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F47ADE65C6EBFCE7453D8377" box="[1176,1280,834,859]" pageId="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED07ECA1F47ADE65C2E4FCC240CD8353" box="[151,240,871,895]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History" pageId="4">OMNH</collectionCode>
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.
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C372FCC342E28353" bold="true" box="[257,735,870,895]" pageId="4">
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<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F47ADE65C372FCC341448353" box="[257,377,870,895]" pageId="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(31):
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<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F47ADE65C3B8FCC342608353" box="[459,605,870,895]" name="Grenada" pageId="4">GRENADA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F47ADE65C01CFCC342E78353" box="[623,730,870,895]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="4">St. John</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Same locality data as
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<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F47ADE65C188FCC344608353" box="[1019,1117,870,895]" pageId="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D10BFEDF47ADE65C600FCC2452A8353" box="[1139,1303,870,895]" pageId="4" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
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). “Concord Stream,
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<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F47ADE65C288FC2F4164838F" box="[251,345,906,931]" name="Grenada" pageId="4">Grenada</collectingCountry>
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/
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<date id="FFA852A4F47ADE65C303FC2E4226838F" box="[368,539,906,931]" pageId="4" value="1965-05-16">May 16, 1965</date>
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H. P. Brown” “
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C095FC2F4364838F" box="[742,857,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lutrochus</taxonomicName>
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/ det. H.P. Brown” “LABOULBENIALES/ R.K. Benjamin/ No. Ex.” [See
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C3C1FC0B422983EA" box="[434,532,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="4">Remarks</emphasis>
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for explanation] “
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<collectionCode id="ED07ECA1F47ADE65C0ADFC0A430B83EB" box="[734,822,943,967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History" pageId="4">OMNH</collectionCode>
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20660” (
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<specimenCount id="9D10BFEDF47ADE65C1EDFC0A440683EB" box="[926,1083,942,967]" pageId="4" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
). “Little R., Gouyave/
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<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F47ADE65C745FC0B45A583EB" box="[1334,1432,942,967]" name="Grenada" pageId="4">Grenada</collectingCountry>
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, West Indies/
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<date id="FFA852A4F47ADE65C35CFC7641EE83C7" box="[303,467,978,1003]" pageId="4" value="1965-05-16">May 16, 1965</date>
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H. Brown” “
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C003FC7742DE83C7" box="[624,739,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lutrochus</taxonomicName>
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/ det. H. Brown” “
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<collectionCode id="ED07ECA1F47ADE65C1CEFC76442183C7" box="[957,1052,979,1003]" pageId="4">PHOTO</collectionCode>
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||
VOUCHER/ PV/ Short Lab KU NHM” “Catalog No./
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||
<date id="FFA852A4F47ADE65C3FDFC5241D98423" box="[398,484,1015,1039]" pageId="4" value="92-10-08">100892</date>
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||
”
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<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F47ADE65C385FC52425E8423" box="[502,611,1015,1039]" pageId="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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will be deposited in:
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<quantity id="4CEED981F47ADE65C127FC5243B08423" box="[852,909,1014,1039]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" pageId="4" unit="in" value="27.0">27 in</quantity>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED07ECA1F47ADE65C1E7FC5243D18423" box="[916,1004,1015,1039]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History" pageId="4">OMNH</collectionCode>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEED981F47ADE65C18BFC52441E8423" box="[1016,1059,1014,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="4" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="ED07ECA1F47ADE65C659FC5244448423" box="[1066,1145,1015,1039]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34264" name="University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute" pageId="4">SEMC</collectionCode>
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, and
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<quantity id="4CEED981F47ADE65C6C0FC5244E38423" box="[1203,1246,1014,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED07ECA1F47ADE65C696FC5245048423" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1253,1337,1015,1039]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C27EFF47ADE65C2B4FBBF42ED84CB" pageId="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2B4FBBF42ED84CB" blockId="4.[151,1437,798,2011]" pageId="4">
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C2B4FBBF417C841F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1050,1075]" pageId="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species most closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C095FBBE4442841F" authority="Maier & Short, 2013" authorityName="Maier & Short" authorityYear="2013" box="[742,1151,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maldonadoi">
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C095FBBE43B7841F" box="[742,906,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="4">L. maldonadoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF870995F47ADE65C1E1FBBF4442841F" author="Maier" box="[914,1151,1050,1075]" pageId="4" refString="Maier, C. A. & Short, A. E. Z. (2013) A revision of the Lutrochidae (Coleoptera) of Venezuela, with description of six new species and key. Zootaxa, 3637 (3), 285 - 307. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3637.3.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Maier & Short, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but can be distinguished from this species by the lateral edge of the pronotum, which is not explanate (
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<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C18FFB9B4402847B" box="[1020,1087,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1741,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Lutrochus funkae n. sp.: 3. Habitus, dorsal view; 4. Habitus, ventral view; 5. Habitus, lateral view; 6. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228003/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); the hind tarsi, which are only clothed with setae towards the base (as opposed to entirely pubescent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C185FBC644A38457" box="[1014,1182,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maldonadoi">
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||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C185FBC644A38457" box="[1014,1182,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="4">L. maldonadoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C6C8FBC7452E8457" box="[1211,1299,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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).
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C758FBC6412084B2" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadensis">
|
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C758FBC6412084B2" italics="true" pageId="4">Lutrochus grenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
can be distinguished from
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C02DFB22429384B2" box="[606,686,1159,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wao">
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||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C02DFB22429384B2" box="[606,686,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="4">L. wao</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47ADE65C098FB22436A84B2" box="[747,855,1158,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funkae">
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<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C098FB22436A84B2" box="[747,855,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="4">L. funkae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: pro-, meso-, and metathoracic legs entirely testaceous (
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<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C0A7FB0F432784EF" box="[724,794,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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), elytral epipleuron parallel-sided, and apical tarsomere testaceous, and distinctive male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C003FB6B42FF84CB" box="[624,706,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C27EFF47ADE67C2B4FB5743B183C1" lastPageId="6" pageId="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2B4FB5743938503" blockId="4.[151,1437,798,2011]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47ADE65C2B4FB5741648527" bold="true" box="[199,345,1266,1291]" pageId="4">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
MALE. Length 4.0 mm; width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEED981F47ADE65C0B8FB56431B8526" box="[715,806,1267,1291]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body ovate and slightly convex, dark brown to black, densely pubescent; clothed with short, fine, erect golden setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C12FFAB3439D8503" box="[860,928,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2B4FA9F42F68663" blockId="4.[151,1437,798,2011]" pageId="4">Head broad, broadly rounded, very weakly grooved beneath eye for reception of antenna. Eye rounded, small, with short, golden interfacetal setae; eyes slightly bulging from outline of head. Antenna short, reaching slightly past anterior border of pronotum; antennomeres 1–3 testaceous, antennomeres 4–11 brunneous; antennomeres short and clavate, clothed with short golden setae. Frotoclypeal suture indistinct. Clypeal margin straight. Apical margin of labrum broadly rounded, with golden apical setal brush, lateral setae twice as long as medial setae. Labrum clothed with sparse and short golden setae. Mandibles large, dark brown, sickle-shaped; apex of mandible with 3 distinct teeth. Maxilla with 4-segmented palpus, apical palpomere flattened and rounded-triangular. Labial palpus 3-segmented; apical palpomere cylindrical.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2B4F9FE427886F3" blockId="4.[151,1437,798,2011]" pageId="4">
|
||
Pronotum pubescent, dark brown, 1.8 times as wide at base as long, bisinuate at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C6E5F9FF44E6865F" box="[1174,1243,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral edge of pronotum with distinct bead, not explanate. Posterior margin straight anterior to scutellum. Disc of pronotum broadly convex. Scutellum triangular, as wide as long; clothed in recumbent golden setae. Hypomeron excavate posteriorly to accommodate profemur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE65C2B4F94F40C787BF" blockId="4.[151,1437,798,2011]" pageId="4">
|
||
Elytron pubescent, medium brown, elytron clothed with dense, short, recumbent golden setae, widest at anterior 1/3, posterior half gently rounded. Elytron strongly convex, densely punctate with very fine, shallow punctures, punctures randomly scattered, not arranged in rows; humerus slightly protuberant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C6C5F89744C68767" box="[1206,1275,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral edge with distinct and weakly sinuate bead (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47ADE65C015F8F342928743" box="[614,687,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytron lacking faint sutural stria in apical third. Elytral apex rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F47ADE64C2B4F83A418E80DB" blockId="4.[151,1437,798,2011]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="5" pageId="4">
|
||
Prosternum transverse, approximately two times as wide as long; anterior edge with weak bead, deflexed to accommodate withdrawn head; prosternal process about as wide as long, without bead laterally, rounded posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F47BDE64C357FF324156809C" box="[292,363,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Disc with carinae to accommodate profemora laterally. Metaventrite pubescent, disc fully clothed with setae. Epipleuron excavated to accommodate folded front and middle legs. Epipleuron narrowing posteriorly to metacoxae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6924ECF47BDE64C2E4F8FA42EA879F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="5" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F47BDE64C2E4F8FA42EA879F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1887,1971]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C2E4F8FA417A8758" bold="true" box="[151,327,1887,1910]" pageId="5">FIGURES 7–11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F47BDE64C33DF8FA42088759" box="[334,565,1887,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C33DF8FA42088759" box="[334,565,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5">Lutrochus grenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251150DF47BDE64C04FF8C542528759" box="[572,623,1888,1909]" pageId="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C04FF8C542528759" bold="true" box="[572,623,1888,1909]" pageId="5">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C00EF8C542B48759" bold="true" box="[637,649,1888,1909]" pageId="5">7</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C109F8FA43B08758" bold="true" box="[890,909,1887,1908]" pageId="5">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C60DF8FA44AC8758" bold="true" box="[1150,1169,1887,1908]" pageId="5">9.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C70FF8FA45A18758" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1887,1908]" pageId="5">10.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray);
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F47BDE64C70EF8DB45A787BF" bold="true" box="[1405,1434,1918,1939]" pageId="5">11.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FF3D413082A9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
Legs long and slender, reddish-brown to testaceous. Procoxae transverse. Profemur densely pubescent, reddish-brown, strongly excavate ventrally to receive protibia. Protibia entirely pubescent, excavate dorsally to receive protarsus, only slightly explanate. Protarsus with basal four tarsomeres densely pubescent, lacking tufts of long golden setae ventrally; apical tarsomere as long as preceding four tarsomeres combined, glabrous ventrally, pubescent nearly to apex dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F478DE67C06FFE824252816C" box="[540,623,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesocoxa with tuft of short golden setae basally. Mesofemur fusiform, densely pubescent posteriorly, becoming less so anteriorly, reddish-brown dorsally. Mesotibia completely glabrous, with few scattered setae, lacking small patch of short golden setae at apex; lateral margin not expanded, tibia rounded in cross-section, lacking distinct longitudinal carinae; apex with excavation laterally for reception of mesotarsus. Mesotarsus with all tarsomeres entirely glabrous; apical tarsomere as long as preceding four tarsomeres combined. Metacoxa with single weak posterior projection. Metatrochanter globose, excavate posteriorly. Metafemur densely pubescent. Metatibia entirely pubescent, except for a narrow, longitudinal glabrous band dorsally; with short, golden setae, apex with distinct, distally-facing fringe of setae. Metatarsus with basal four tarsomeres entirely pubescent; apical tarsomere pubescent only at base, as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F478DE67C645FDE244BC824C" box="[1078,1153,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig 10</figureCitation>
|
||
, as long as previous four combined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FD2A450882E1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
Abdomen densely pubescent, with five ventrites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F478DE67C175FD2A43738284" box="[774,846,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). First ventrite shallowly excavate for reception of folded hind legs, excavation reaches nearly to posterior edge of ventrite. Apical ventrite broadly rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FD72422A8314" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
Genitalia as illustrated, basal piece + parameres
|
||
<quantity id="4CEED981F478DE67C08DFD7D436582C3" box="[766,856,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Aedeagus slender and only slightly curved, becoming more curved at base. Parameres fused, pointed, with short distinct lobes interiorly subapically, lobes greatly extended at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F478DE67C3C4FCBA42348314" box="[439,521,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp.: 7. Habitus, dorsal view; 8. Habitus, ventral view; 9. Habitus, lateral view; 10. Diagrammatic view of the protibia and tarsus, showing areas of dense pubescence (pubescent areas shaded in gray); 11. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228004/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FCE145658371" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1368,836,861]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C2B4FCE141188371" bold="true" box="[199,293,836,861]" pageId="6">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Length 4.0 mm; width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEED981F478DE67C05EFCE142BB8370" box="[557,646,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Externally similar to male, females generally larger than males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FCC243B183C1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C2B4FCC241E083AC" bold="true" box="[199,477,871,896]" pageId="6">Intraspecific Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
This species varies considerably in size, ranging from 3.2–4.0 mm long and 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CEED981F478DE67C70AFCCD40FE8388" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Additionally, specimens vary slightly in color from dark brown to black. We have also noted that specimens in the series examined have differing levels of setation, with patches where setae have rubbed off, as well as patches where setae have become matted down with grease.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C27EFF478DE67C2B4FC5242DF848C" pageId="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FC5240DE8419" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C2B4FC524173843C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1015,1040]" pageId="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C011FC5242D6843C" box="[610,747,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadensis">grenadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
” after the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F478DE67C117FC5D43A9843C" box="[868,916,1016,1040]" pageId="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality on the island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C6C7FC52452E843C" box="[1204,1299,1015,1040]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the West Indies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FB9A42DF848C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C2B4FB9A41C88474" bold="true" box="[199,501,1087,1112]" pageId="6">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is widespread on the west coast of the island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C6C6FB9A45298474" box="[1205,1300,1087,1112]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the West Indies. They are found in several coastal streams in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C09FFBC143758451" box="[748,840,1124,1149]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="6">St. John</collectingCountry>
|
||
Parish, Mon Plaisir River, Concord Stream, and the Little River (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F478DE67C35BFB224151848C" box="[296,364,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1160,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,1160,1738]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1. Map of northeastern South America showing collection localities of L. funkae, L. leeanneae, L. grenadensis, and L. wao. 2. Habitat of L. wao, collected in partially submerged leafpacks that were caught behind a fallen branch in a flowing forested stream." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228002/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The exact habitat is not known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C27EFF478DE67C2B4FB0943DA84C4" pageId="6" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FB0943DA84C4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C2B4FB09423B84E9" bold="true" box="[199,518,1196,1221]" pageId="6">Other material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
“St. George’s,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C0CDFB09432184E9" box="[702,796,1196,1221]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFA852A4F478DE67C143FB0843E884E9" box="[816,981,1196,1221]" pageId="6" value="1965-05-15">May 15, 1965</date>
|
||
H. Brown” “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C606FB0944D484E9" box="[1141,1257,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lutrochus</taxonomicName>
|
||
? 2/ det. H. P. Brown” “LABOULBENIALES/ R.K. Benjamin/ No. Ex.” “
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED07ECA1F478DE67C145FB7543B384C4" box="[822,910,1232,1256]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History" pageId="6">OMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
20658”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C27EFF478DE66C2B4FB5144A18131" lastPageId="7" pageId="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4FB5140F28624" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C2B4FB5141068521" bold="true" box="[199,315,1268,1293]" pageId="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C066FB5142498521" box="[533,628,1268,1293]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
marks the first known record of the family from the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. While one other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C0F1FABD43C6851C" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[642,1019,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C0F1FABD4343851C" box="[642,894,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6">Lutrochus geniculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Grouvelle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is known from the West Indies, its range includes only
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C30BFA99418E8579" box="[376,435,1340,1365]" name="Cuba" pageId="6">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C39BFA99421D8579" box="[488,544,1340,1365]" name="Haiti" pageId="6">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the island of Hispaniola. Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C65AFA9844F18578" box="[1065,1228,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C65AFA9844F18578" box="[1065,1228,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6">L. grenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears similarity to several species from continental South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C022FAFA428C8554" box="[593,689,1375,1400]" name="United States of America" pageId="6">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C0B0FAC443118554" box="[707,812,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funkae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C0B0FAC443118554" box="[707,812,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6">L. funkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C149FAC443BB8554" box="[826,902,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wao">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C149FAC443BB8554" box="[826,902,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6">L. wao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C1E6FAC444078554" box="[917,1082,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maldonadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C1E6FAC444078554" box="[917,1082,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6">L. maldonadoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but not to
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C6B6FAC445518554" box="[1221,1388,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C6B6FAC445558554" box="[1221,1384,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">L. geniculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and therefore, is likely more closely related to those species. Moreover,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C1E4FA2143C485B1" box="[919,1017,1412,1437]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with its geographic proximity to the coast of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C323FA02418985EC" box="[336,436,1447,1472]" name="United States of America" pageId="6">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has been documented to have continental affinities and shares many taxa with the mainland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF870995F478DE67C37EFA69423B85C8" author="Genoways" box="[269,518,1484,1508]" pageId="6" refString="Genoways, H. H., Kwiecinski, G. G., Larsen, P. A., Pedersen, S. C., Larsen, R. J., Hoffman, J. D., de Silva, M., Phillips, C. J. & Baker, R. J. (2010) Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and placement of Koopman's Line. Chiroptera Neotropical, 16 (1), 501 - 521." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Genoways
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C3F8FA6841FE85C8" box="[395,451,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given this new record,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C16FFA6943B085C8" box="[796,909,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C16FFA6943B085C8" box="[796,909,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6">Lutrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. are likely to be on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C6E5FA69454285C9" box="[1174,1407,1484,1509]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4F9B1423D8691" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C2B4F9B1411B8601" box="[199,294,1556,1581]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
is the furthest south of the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and is volcanic in origin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF870995F478DE67C72CF9B140EF867C" author="Earle" pageId="6" refString="Earle, K. W. (1923) The Geology of St. Lucia. Government Geologist, Leeward and Windward Islands, 16 pp." type="book" year="1923">Earle 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), therefore, lutrochids must have dispersed over ocean and this is not the result of a vicariance event. We can speculate as to the mode of dispersal to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C02EF9F942828659" box="[605,703,1628,1653]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with one of two modes likely – either by rafting in waterlogged wood as larvae, as other wood-boring beetles are wont to do (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF870995F478DE67C13AF9DA43FE86B4" author="Peck" box="[841,963,1663,1688]" pageId="6" refString="Peck, S. B. (1996) Origin and development of an insect fauna on a remote archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. In: Keast, A. & Miller, S. E. (Eds.), The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island Biotas, New Guinea and Eastern Polynesia: Patterns and Processes. SPB, Amsterdam, pp. 91 - 122." type="book chapter" year="1996">Peck 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF870995F478DE67C1BDF925443486B4" author="Peck" box="[974,1033,1664,1688]" pageId="6" refString="Peck, S. B. (2001) Smaller orders of insects on the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Evolution, Ecology, and Diversity. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 278 pp." type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF870995F478DE67C667F9DA454C86B4" author="Peck" box="[1044,1393,1663,1688]" pageId="6" refString="Peck, S. B. & Kukalova-Peck, J. (1990) Origin and biogeography of beetles (Coleoptera) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 1617 - 1638. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 242" type="journal article" year="1990">Peck and Kukalová-Peck 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or through flight by winged adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE67C2B4F962415B875C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
Worth noting is the label which states “LABOULBENIALES/ R.K. Benjamin/ No. Ex.” Laboulbeniales is a group of ectoparasitic ascomycete fungi which live on the integument of insects and it includes many host-specific species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF870995F478DE67C28BF8AA42158704" author="Weir" box="[248,552,1807,1832]" pageId="6" refString="Weir, A. & Hammond, P. M. (1997) Laboulbeniales on beetles: host utilization patterns and species richness of the parasites. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 701 - 719." type="journal article" year="1997">Weir and Hammond 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A thorough examination of the specimens showed no obvious thalli on the exoskeleton—presumably the specimens were removed by the Laboulbeniales specialist R.K. Benjamin and studied separately.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA97464F478DE66C2B4F8D944A18131" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="7" pageId="6">
|
||
Only two specimens from the St. George’s population are known from museum collections. These two specimens differ only slightly from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F478DE67C02AF80442B48795" box="[601,649,1953,1977]" pageId="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C08BF80443A08794" box="[760,925,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F478DE67C08BF80443A08794" box="[760,925,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="6">L. grenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These specimens, both male, were noted by Harley P. Brown as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F478DE67C3F0F86141CA87F1" box="[387,503,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lutrochus</taxonomicName>
|
||
? 2” possibly indicating that they may be a second species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30134F4F478DE67C6A4F861450B87F1" box="[1239,1334,1988,2013]" name="Grenada" pageId="6">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
or, more likely, this was an annotation of the number of specimens collected at this site (this possibility was brought to my attention by one of the reviewers). Unfortunately, though, both specimens have the genitalia damaged, and oddly, in the exact same manner, with the tip broken off (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D68E1F479DE66C0BBFF7A432480D4" box="[712,793,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[151,1401,193,1375]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lutrochus grenadensis n. sp. (St. George population): Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views, showing probable injury (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228006/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) and so could not be definitively identified. I will refer to these specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C160FE7F479DE66C302FEA142528130" box="[369,623,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lutrochidae" genus="Lutrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962A876F479DE66C302FEA142528130" box="[369,623,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7">Lutrochus grenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however they are not included in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ADCAC6F479DE66C66EFEA044708131" box="[1053,1101,261,285]" pageId="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |