438 lines
37 KiB
XML
438 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.049.0210" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7917381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578209636" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2008" docId="039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.49.2.171-226.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 49 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0210" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trichardis terminalis : Oldroyd 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="202" masterDocId="FFA9FFA6FFAC6D51BE01987D6467AB6A" masterDocTitle="A review of Afrotropical Trichardis Hermann, 1906, and the description of the first Oriental representative of the genus (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="171" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="201" updateTime="1683695595129" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of Afrotropical Trichardis Hermann, 1906, and the description of the first Oriental representative of the genus (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>49</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>171</mods:start>
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<mods:end>171</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0210</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.049.0210</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7917381</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">
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<subSubSection box="[420,827,1134,1159]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1134,1503]" box="[420,827,1134,1159]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">
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<heading box="[420,827,1134,1159]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="201" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="587YZ" authority="Oldroyd, 1974" authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[420,827,1134,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis box="[420,657,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">Trichardis terminalis</emphasis>
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Oldroyd, 1974
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[540,707,1174,1199]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1134,1503]" box="[540,707,1174,1199]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">
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<figureCitation box="[540,667,1174,1199]" captionStart="Figs 47–52" captionStartId="52.[143,182,1435,1455]" captionTargetBox="[161,1087,346,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-9@52.[161,1087,346,1415]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figs 47–52. Trichardis species, male genitalia: (47, 48) lateral and ventral of T. terminalis Oldroyd, 1974, holotype; (49, 50) lateral and ventral of T. testacea (Macquart, 1838), holotype; (51, 52) lateral and ventral of T. turneri Oldroyd, 1974, Graaff-Reinet. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917399/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">Figs 47, 48</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[679,707,1174,1199]" captionStart="Fig 58" captionStartId="54.[144,174,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[253,981,977,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-16@54.[253,994,977,1616]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig 58. Distributions of southern African Trichardis species:· – T. apicalis Oldroyd, 1974, 9 – T. terminalis Oldroyd, 1974, • – T. turneri Oldroyd, 1974." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917405/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">58</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[144,1085,1212,1233]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1134,1503]" box="[144,1085,1212,1233]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Oldroyd 1974: 118" authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1974" box="[144,518,1212,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis box="[144,335,1213,1233]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">Trichardis terminalis</emphasis>
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: Oldroyd 1974: 118
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</taxonomicName>
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(figs 109
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<emphasis box="[611,625,1213,1232]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">ơ</emphasis>
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genitalia, 110
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<emphasis box="[759,863,1212,1232]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">^genitalia</emphasis>
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); 1980: 356 (catalogue).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="30" pageNumber="201" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1134,1503]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">
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Redescription (based on
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<typeStatus box="[436,535,1246,1271]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">holotype</typeStatus>
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in fair condition; following parts missing: right antennae beyond pedicel, left pro- and mesothoracic legs, right prothoracic tarsus, right wing):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1134,1503]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis box="[144,204,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">Head</emphasis>
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: Orange-brown anteriorly dark red-brown posteriorly, but colours masked by silver pruinescence, yellow and white setose. Antenna brown-orange except for red-brown distal part of postpedicel and style, yellowish setose; postpedicel clavate (L:D=2.7:1). Mystax shiny yellowish. Ocellar tubercle with 2 macrosetae. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1519,1672]" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis box="[144,223,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="201">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown with red-brown patches, colours masked by silver pruinescence, yellowish setose. Postpronotum entirely pruinose, mesonotum red-brown with dark red-brown dorsal stripe and broad lateral bands, extensively pruinose except for central area, shiny yellowish setose. Scutellum pruinose except for posterior margin. Anepisternum with yellow posterior macroseta, dorsally pruinose, ventrally apruinose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
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Proepimeron pruinose anteriorly, apruinose posteriorly; katepisternum pruinose posteriorly, apruinose anteriorly; anepisternum pruinose posteriorly, apruinose anteriorly. Legs: Femora and distal half of hind tibiae red-brown, rest brown-yellow, pulvilli and empodium of similar length. Hind femur red-brown with paler apices, length:height ratio 3.6:1, ventral tubercles well-developed. Hind tibia lacking ventrodistal spur. Wing: 6.1×
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<quantity box="[230,320,363,391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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. Costal vein strongly developed as far as wing tip, then very weakly developed along posterior margin of wing and absent from alula. Membrane devoid of microtrichiae, including discal and r
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<subScript attach="left" box="[521,529,447,461]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">5</subScript>
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cells.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis box="[181,287,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown, apruinose, shiny yellow setose. T2 dark red-brown, apruinose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis box="[208,225,536,560]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
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genitalia (
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<figureCitation box="[341,470,535,560]" captionStart="Figs 47–52" captionStartId="52.[143,182,1435,1455]" captionTargetBox="[161,1087,346,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-9@52.[161,1087,346,1415]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figs 47–52. Trichardis species, male genitalia: (47, 48) lateral and ventral of T. terminalis Oldroyd, 1974, holotype; (49, 50) lateral and ventral of T. testacea (Macquart, 1838), holotype; (51, 52) lateral and ventral of T. turneri Oldroyd, 1974, Graaff-Reinet. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917399/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Figs 47, 48</figureCitation>
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): Epandrium in lateral view slightly longer than basal part of gonocoxite (i.e. excluding distal projection of gonocoxite and gonostylus). Proctiger well-developed, moderately dorsoventrally compressed. Hypandrium reduced and simple. Gonocoxite in ventral view without dorsomedial projections and tapering to narrowly rounded tip carrying about 4 short macrosetae; mediodistal projection moderately stout, tapering to slender slightly upturned tip. Gonostylus well-developed, moderately slender, jutting out beyond mediodistal projection of gonocoxite, gently downcurved distally.Aedeagal prongs slender, sinuous in lateral view, with long terminal filamentous tubules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
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<typeStatus box="[181,265,830,850]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(examined):
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<collectingCountry box="[387,514,830,850]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ZIMBABWE</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis box="[523,537,830,849]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
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‘S. Rhodesia / Umguza Valley [
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<geoCoordinate box="[829,902,827,850]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-19.5">19°30'S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate box="[906,982,827,850]" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="27.766666">27°46'E</geoCoordinate>
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] / 17.12.22 / Roy Stevenson’, ‘
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<taxonomicName box="[301,395,854,874]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[301,395,854,874]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Trichardis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authority="Oldr." authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[412,557,854,874]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis box="[412,504,854,874]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">terminalis</emphasis>
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Oldr.
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</taxonomicName>
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/ det. H. Oldroyd, 1972 / Holotype’ (NMSA).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
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<typeStatus box="[181,266,886,906]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(examined):
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<collectingCountry box="[378,504,886,906]" name="Botswana" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis box="[510,547,886,906]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">1^‘</emphasis>
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Para- / type’ [circular with yellow border], ‘S.Africa:/ Bechuanaland. / Ngamiland [
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<emphasis box="[301,322,910,930]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ca</emphasis>
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<geoCoordinate box="[326,396,907,930]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-20.5">20°30'S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate box="[399,476,907,930]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="22.666666">22°40'E</geoCoordinate>
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],
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<date box="[488,581,910,930]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1930-11">Nov. 1930</date>
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–
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<date box="[593,678,910,930]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1931-01">Jan.1931</date>
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. / G.D. Hale Carpenter./ B.M. 1931–160’, ‘
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<emphasis box="[1055,1141,910,930]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">trichardis</emphasis>
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/
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<taxonomicName authority="Oldr." authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[188,331,934,954]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis box="[188,280,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">terminalis</emphasis>
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Oldr.
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</taxonomicName>
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/ det. H. Oldroyd 1972 / Paratype’ [white] (BMNH).
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<collectingCountry box="[803,930,934,954]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ZIMBABWE</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis box="[937,975,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">1^‘</emphasis>
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Country Rhodesia / Loc. Chirundu [
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<geoCoordinate box="[336,409,955,978]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-16.033333">16°02'S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate box="[413,489,955,978]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="28.833334">28°50'E</geoCoordinate>
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] / Date 17.ii.65 / Coll. K Borthwick’, ‘
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<taxonomicName box="[838,932,958,978]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[838,932,958,978]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Trichardis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authority="Oldr." authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[948,1093,958,978]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis box="[948,1040,958,978]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">terminalis</emphasis>
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Oldr.
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</taxonomicName>
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/ det. H. Oldroyd, 1972 / Paratype’;
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<emphasis box="[456,494,982,1002]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">1^‘</emphasis>
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Country Rhodesia / Loc. Chirundu / Date 15.ii.65 / Coll. K Borthwick’, ‘
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<taxonomicName box="[189,283,1006,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[189,283,1006,1026]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Trichardis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authority="Oldr." authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[302,448,1006,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis box="[302,394,1006,1026]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">terminalis</emphasis>
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Oldr.
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</taxonomicName>
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/ det. H. Oldroyd, 1972 / Paratype’;
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<emphasis box="[789,827,1006,1026]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">1^‘</emphasis>
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Para- / type’ [circular with yellow border], ‘Dovenby Farm. [
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<geoCoordinate box="[420,493,1027,1050]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-19.883333">19°53'S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate box="[497,575,1027,1050]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="28.483334">28°29'E</geoCoordinate>
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], / S. Rhodesia /
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<date box="[727,820,1030,1050]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1922-09-17">17.9.1922</date>
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, Rhodesia / Museum’, ‘
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<taxonomicName box="[1036,1130,1030,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1036,1130,1030,1050]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Trichardis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName box="[181,255,1054,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">
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<emphasis box="[181,255,1054,1074]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">cribrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Lw. / Dr. EO. Engel det.’, ‘
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<taxonomicName box="[512,605,1054,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[512,605,1054,1074]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Trichardis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
/
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<taxonomicName authority="Oldr." authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[621,765,1054,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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||
<emphasis box="[621,713,1054,1074]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">terminalis</emphasis>
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Oldr.
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</taxonomicName>
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/ det. H. Oldroyd 1972 / Paratype’ [white] (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
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<materialsCitation collectorName="Roy Stevenson & Borthwick & G. D. Hale Carpenter" country="Zimbabwe" county="Umguza Valley" location="Type in Pretoria." municipality="Umguza Valley" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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Note: In describing this species Oldroyd (1974) lists his material as follows:‘
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF:8EE66013FFB36D4EBD5D9C2E6792AF0D" box="[860,1013,1107,1127]" country="Zimbabwe" county="Umguza Valley" municipality="Umguza Valley" name="Type in Pretoria." pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Type in Pretoria.</location>
|
||
Type-locality: RHODESIA,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[304,442,1131,1151]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Umguza Valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 17.ix.22 (
|
||
<collectorName box="[532,675,1131,1151]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Roy Stevenson</collectorName>
|
||
)’. He then states ‘Distribution.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[942,1059,1131,1151]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">RHODESIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Umguza Valley</collectingCounty>
|
||
; Dovenby Farm; Chivundu (
|
||
<collectorName box="[502,603,1155,1175]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Borthwick</collectorName>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[618,748,1155,1175]" name="Botswana" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Ngamiland, 1931 (
|
||
<collectorName box="[927,1129,1155,1175]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">G. D. Hale Carpenter</collectorName>
|
||
)’. The specimens he studied are in NMSA and BMNH and carry
|
||
<typeStatus box="[762,840,1179,1199]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels. So although not formally listed in his publication, I accept the above specimens as the full type series
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
Other material examined:
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1976-09" collectingDateMax="1977-10-14" collectingDateMin="1976-09" collectorName="Russell-Smith & Mopane" country="Botswana" latitude="-19.0" location="Kwaai" longLatPrecision="39377" longitude="23.0" municipality="Maxwee" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[409,537,1235,1255]" name="Botswana" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:1
|
||
<emphasis box="[554,682,1235,1255]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
ơ
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[572,682,1235,1255]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">2^Maxwee</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[692,764,1232,1255]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-19.466667">19°28'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[767,844,1232,1255]" degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="23.666666">23°40'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[857,926,1235,1255]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1976-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[857,926,1235,1255]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1976-09">ix.1976</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[933,1061,1235,1255]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Russell-Smith</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1068,1141,1235,1255]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Mopane</collectorName>
|
||
woodland; 1
|
||
<emphasis box="[294,308,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF:8EE66013FFB36D4EBF389C966513AF95" box="[313,372,1259,1279]" country="Botswana" latitude="-19.0" longLatPrecision="39377" longitude="23.0" municipality="Maxwee" name="Kwaai" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Kwaai</location>
|
||
[Khwai] R.
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[486,707,1259,1279]" location="Moremi North" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<quantity box="[486,543,1259,1279]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
W Moremi North
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
gate [
|
||
<emphasis box="[763,784,1259,1279]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ca</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[790,835,1256,1279]" degrees="19" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="55555" value="-19.0">19°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[838,890,1256,1279]" degrees="23" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="55555" value="23.0">23°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[905,998,1259,1279]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1977-10-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[905,998,1259,1279]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1977-10-14">14.x.1977</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1007,1138,1259,1279]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Russell-Smith</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[181,323,1283,1303]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giraffae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,323,1283,1303]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Acacia giraffae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodland
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[432,1139,1280,1303]" collectingDate="1970-10-09" collectingDateMax="1970-10-17" collectingDateMin="1970-10-09" collectorName="Strydom" country="Namibia" latitude="-17.783333" location="Linyanti" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="24.383333" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zambezi">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[432,535,1283,1303]" name="Namibia" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">NAMIBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 1
|
||
<emphasis box="[555,569,1283,1302]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[596,664,1283,1303]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF:8EE66013FFB36D4EBC9E9D7E668BAE7D" box="[671,748,1283,1303]" country="Namibia" latitude="-17.783333" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="24.383333" name="Linyanti" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Zambezi">Linyanti</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[761,834,1280,1303]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-17.783333">17°47'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[837,915,1280,1303]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="24.383333">24°23'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[932,1047,1283,1303]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1970-10-09" valueMax="1970-10-17" valueMin="1970-10-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[932,1047,1283,1303]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1970-10-09" valueMax="1970-10-17" valueMin="1970-10-09">9–17.x.1970</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1058,1139,1283,1303]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Strydom</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[181,755,1307,1327]" collectingDate="1927-11-27" collectionCode="OXUM" collectorName="Nash" country="Tanzania" location="Seranda Rd" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[181,299,1307,1327]" name="Tanzania" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 1
|
||
<emphasis box="[317,331,1307,1326]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF:8EE66013FFB36D4EBF4E9D6665D3AE45" box="[335,436,1307,1327]" country="Tanzania" name="Seranda Rd" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Seranda Rd</location>
|
||
[?] K.I.,
|
||
<date box="[514,611,1307,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1927-11-27">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[514,611,1307,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1927-11-27">27.xi.1927</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[619,665,1307,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Nash</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[675,749,1307,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">OXUM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1925-09" collectingDateMax="1973-10-16" collectingDateMin="1925-09" collectionCode="NMNH" collectorName="Moore" country="Zimbabwe" county="Rekomitjie Research Station" latitude="-21.033333" location="Sanyanti Valley" longLatPrecision="1265" longitude="31.45" municipality="Phelps" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[762,888,1307,1327]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ZIMBABWE</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 2
|
||
<emphasis box="[905,919,1307,1326]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1055,1307,1327]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">2^Rekomitjie</emphasis>
|
||
Research Station
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[256,329,1328,1351]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-16.133333">16°08'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[332,411,1328,1351]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="29.4">29°24'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[425,515,1331,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1973-10-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[425,515,1331,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1973-10-14">14.x.1973</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(1
|
||
<emphasis box="[539,553,1331,1350]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[570,661,1331,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1973-10-15">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[570,661,1331,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1973-10-15">15.x.1973</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(1
|
||
<emphasis box="[683,741,1331,1351]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ 1^)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[750,840,1331,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1973-10-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[750,840,1331,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1973-10-16">16.x.1973</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,892,1331,1351]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">1^)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[900,963,1331,1351]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Phelps</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,996,1331,1350]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF:8EE66013FFB36D4EBDE99D4E6011AE2D" box="[1000,1142,1331,1351]" country="Zimbabwe" county="Rekomitjie Research Station" latitude="-21.033333" longLatPrecision="1265" longitude="31.45" municipality="Phelps" name="Sanyanti Valley" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Sanyanti Valley</location>
|
||
[?Sanyati,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[277,349,1352,1375]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-17.5">17°30'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[352,430,1352,1375]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="29.383333">29°23'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[445,538,1355,1375]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1925-09" valueMax="1925-10-31" valueMin="1925-09-00">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[445,538,1355,1375]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1925-09" valueMax="1925-10-31" valueMin="1925-09-00">ix–x.1925</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF:8EE66013FFB36D4EBC229D3666E4AE35" box="[547,643,1355,1375]" country="Zimbabwe" county="Rekomitjie Research Station" latitude="-21.033333" longLatPrecision="1265" longitude="31.45" municipality="Phelps" name="Stevenson" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Stevenson</location>
|
||
; 12
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,738,1355,1375]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ 8^2</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB26D4EBFA59C136722ADEF:8EE66013FFB36D4EBCEE9D36675CAE35" box="[751,827,1355,1375]" country="Zimbabwe" county="Rekomitjie Research Station" latitude="-21.033333" longLatPrecision="1265" longitude="31.45" municipality="Phelps" name="Triangle" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Triangle</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[838,913,1352,1375]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="-21.033333">21°02'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[916,993,1352,1375]" degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" precision="925" value="31.45">31°27'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date box="[1007,1105,1355,1375]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1963-09-19">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1007,1105,1355,1375]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1963-09-19">19.ix.1963</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(5
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ 3^)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[231,327,1379,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1963-09-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[231,327,1379,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1963-09-21">21.ix.1963</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(5
|
||
<emphasis box="[352,416,1379,1399]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ 4^1</emphasis>
|
||
?),
|
||
<date box="[446,543,1379,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1963-09-23">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[446,543,1379,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" value="1963-09-23">23.ix.1963</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(2
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,631,1379,1399]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">ơ 1^1</emphasis>
|
||
?),
|
||
<collectorName box="[661,721,1379,1399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Moore</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[733,808,1379,1399]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
Distribution and biology: The species is known mainly from a relatively small area of southern Africa (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[373,457,1445,1470]" captionStart="Fig 58" captionStartId="54.[144,174,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[253,981,977,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-16@54.[253,994,977,1616]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig 58. Distributions of southern African Trichardis species:· – T. apicalis Oldroyd, 1974, 9 – T. terminalis Oldroyd, 1974, • – T. turneri Oldroyd, 1974." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917405/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
), being recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[718,831,1445,1470]" name="Botswana" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[843,939,1445,1470]" name="Namibia" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1000,1086,1445,1470]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[181,304,1477,1502]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A single record from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[568,669,1477,1502]" name="Tanzania" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggests a wider distribution. Adults fly between September and February (no record for January) (Table 1). Label data indicate that the species lives in both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[505,583,1541,1565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[505,583,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Mopane woodland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1143,206,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
Similar species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[372,517,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,517,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">T. terminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an entirely pruinose postpronotal lobe and in this respect can be grouped with
|
||
<emphasis box="[510,1093,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[510,601,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Engel" authorityYear="1924" box="[614,733,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisescens">grisescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[746,823,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">ornata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1906" box="[836,895,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picta">picta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[908,1002,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">testacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[1015,1093,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turneri">turneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,251,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[181,247,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zinidi">zinidi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The species is, however, most similar to
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,837,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Engel" authorityYear="1924" box="[713,833,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisescens">grisescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |