210 lines
20 KiB
XML
210 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.049.0210" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7917381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578209636" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2008" docId="039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.49.2.171-226.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 49 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0210" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trichardis similis Londt 2008, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="200" masterDocId="FFA9FFA6FFAC6D51BE01987D6467AB6A" masterDocTitle="A review of Afrotropical Trichardis Hermann, 1906, and the description of the first Oriental representative of the genus (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="171" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="199" updateTime="1683695595129" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of Afrotropical Trichardis Hermann, 1906, and the description of the first Oriental representative of the genus (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>49</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>171</mods:start>
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<mods:end>171</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0210</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.049.0210</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7917381</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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<subSubSection box="[486,761,1091,1116]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[144,1104,1091,1436]" box="[486,761,1091,1116]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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<heading box="[486,761,1091,1116]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="199" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Londt, 2008" authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[486,694,1091,1116]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[486,694,1091,1116]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">Trichardis similis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[702,761,1091,1116]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="28" pageNumber="199" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[144,1104,1091,1436]" box="[561,686,1131,1156]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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<figureCitation box="[561,686,1131,1156]" captionStart="Figs 41–46" captionStartId="51.[182,221,1443,1463]" captionTargetBox="[205,1110,337,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-10@51.[205,1110,337,1418]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figs 41–46. Trichardis species, male genitalia: (41, 42) lateral and ventral of T. pohli Geller-Grimm, 2002, Sokotra I.; (43, 44) lateral and ventral of T. similis sp. n., paratype, Kasungu National Park; (45, 46) lateral and ventral of T. spicata sp. n., paratype, 30 km S Caia. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917397/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">Figs 43, 44</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[144,1104,1091,1436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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Etymology: From Latin
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[426,499,1172,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
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<emphasis box="[426,499,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">similis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(similar). Refers to the similarity between the male genitalia of this species and
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<emphasis box="[460,584,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[460,580,1204,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipala">crassipala</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[144,1104,1091,1436]" box="[144,762,1243,1268]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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Description (based on
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<typeStatus box="[396,494,1243,1268]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">holotype</typeStatus>
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in excellent condition):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[144,1104,1091,1436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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<emphasis box="[144,205,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">Head</emphasis>
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: Black, silver pruinose except for strip between ocellar tubercle and epistomal margin, setae black, white and pale yellow. Antenna dark red-brown to black, black setose; postpedicel elongate spindle-shaped (L:D=4.3:1). Mystax shiny yellow-white with black macrosetae along epistomal margin. Ocellar tubercle with 2 macrosetae. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown to black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[144,1104,1454,1671]" lastBlockId="29.[181,1142,206,690]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">
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<emphasis box="[144,227,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="199">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown to black, silver pruinose except where apruinose, shiny yellowish setose. Postpronotum extensively apruinose except for narrow band medially, mesonotum apruinose except for narrow lateral and posterior margins, yellowish setose. Scutellum apruinose except for narrow anterior margin. Anepisternum with pale yellowish posterior macroseta, pruinose except for large area anteroventrally. Proepimeron pruinose anteriorly, apruinose posteriorly; katepisternum pruinose posteriorly, apruinose anteriorly; anepisternum pruinose except for small central spot. Legs: Dark red-brown, pulvilli and empodium of similar length. Hind femur dark red-brown, length:height ratio 3.9:1, ventral tubercles well-developed. Hind tibia lacking ventrodistal spur. Wing: 4.3×
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<quantity box="[372,459,267,295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
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. Costal vein strongly developed as far as wing tip, then very weakly developed along posterior margin of wing and absent from alula. Membrane extensively microtrichose—discal and r
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<subScript attach="left" box="[627,635,351,365]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">5</subScript>
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cells entirely microtrichose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[181,1142,206,690]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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<emphasis box="[181,287,377,401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown proximally becoming red-brown distally, apruinose, pale yellow setose. T2 dark red-brown, apruinose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[181,1142,206,690]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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<emphasis box="[208,225,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">ơ</emphasis>
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genitalia (
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<figureCitation box="[341,471,441,466]" captionStart="Figs 41–46" captionStartId="51.[182,221,1443,1463]" captionTargetBox="[205,1110,337,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-10@51.[205,1110,337,1418]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figs 41–46. Trichardis species, male genitalia: (41, 42) lateral and ventral of T. pohli Geller-Grimm, 2002, Sokotra I.; (43, 44) lateral and ventral of T. similis sp. n., paratype, Kasungu National Park; (45, 46) lateral and ventral of T. spicata sp. n., paratype, 30 km S Caia. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917397/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Figs 43, 44</figureCitation>
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): Epandrium in lateral view slightly longer than basal part of gonocoxite (i.e. excluding distal projection of gonocoxite and gonostylus). Proctiger long, strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Hypandrium moderately well developed with two pairs of lobes distally. Gonocoxites in ventral view with medially directed dorsal projections and lacking macrosetae; mediodistal projection well-developed, strongly sclerotised, broad with characteristic shape. Gonostylus short, slender, poorly developed, straight. Aedeagal prongs more or less straight, small, tapering to small terminal filamentous tubules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[181,1142,706,809]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1980-12-09" collectingDateMax="1980-12-10" collectingDateMin="1980-12-09" collectionCode="NMSA" country="Malawi" county="Malawi" elevation="1000" location="Aa" municipality="Park Lifupa Camp" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kasungu" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[181,269,706,726]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry box="[280,378,706,726]" name="Malawi" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">MALAWI</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis box="[389,403,706,725]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">ơ</emphasis>
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‘
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<collectingCounty box="[414,487,706,726]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Malawi</collectingCounty>
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<collectingRegion box="[496,577,706,726]" country="Malawi" name="Kasungu" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Kasungu</collectingRegion>
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Nat. /
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<collectingMunicipality box="[646,818,706,726]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Park Lifupa Camp</collectingMunicipality>
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/ 1333
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56:8EE66013FFB16D4CBD779ABF67F5A9BC" box="[886,914,706,726]" country="Malawi" county="Malawi" municipality="Park Lifupa Camp" name="Aa" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" stateProvince="Kasungu">Aa</location>
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<date box="[922,1047,706,726]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" value="1980-12-09" valueMax="1980-12-10" valueMin="1980-12-09">
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<collectingDate box="[922,1047,706,726]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" value="1980-12-09" valueMax="1980-12-10" valueMin="1980-12-09">9–10.xii.1980</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
/
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||
<quantity box="[1070,1142,706,726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" unit="m" value="1000.0">
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||
<elevation box="[1070,1142,706,726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56:8EE66013FFB16D4CBEB49AA76541A984" box="[181,294,730,750]" country="Malawi" county="Malawi" municipality="Park Lifupa Camp" name="Stuckenberg" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" stateProvince="Kasungu">Stuckenberg</location>
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& /
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56:8EE66013FFB16D4CBF4F9AA765E1A984" box="[334,390,730,750]" country="Malawi" county="Malawi" municipality="Park Lifupa Camp" name="Londt" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" stateProvince="Kasungu">Londt</location>
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,
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<emphasis box="[399,526,730,750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56:8EE66013FFB16D4CBF8E9AA76669A984" box="[399,526,730,750]" country="Malawi" county="Malawi" municipality="Park Lifupa Camp" name="Brachystegia'" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" stateProvince="Kasungu">Brachystegia’</location>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[538,609,730,750]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[181,1142,706,809]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1980-12-09" collectingDateMax="1980-12-10" collectingDateMin="1980-12-09" collectionCode="NMSA" country="Malawi" county="Londt" elevation="1200" location="Chimaliro" municipality="Stuckenberg" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kasungu" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[181,273,764,784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 1
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<emphasis box="[292,306,765,784]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">ơ</emphasis>
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same data as holotype;
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<emphasis box="[519,557,764,784]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">1^‘</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[556,629,764,784]" name="Malawi" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56:8EE66013FFB16D4CBC7A9A8166B0A87A" box="[635,727,764,784]" country="Malawi" county="Londt" municipality="Stuckenberg" name="Chimaliro" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Chimaliro</location>
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/ forest reserve
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<quantity box="[869,938,764,784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" unit="m" value="1200.0">
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<elevation box="[869,938,764,784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
/ 1233
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFFB06D4CBFE79C3E65C0AF56:8EE66013FFB16D4CBDE79A816011A87A" box="[998,1142,764,784]" country="Malawi" county="Londt" municipality="Stuckenberg" name="Bc Stuckenberg" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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Bc
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1029,1142,764,784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Stuckenberg</collectingMunicipality>
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</location>
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& /
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<collectingCounty box="[216,270,788,808]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Londt</collectingCounty>
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<date box="[276,368,788,808]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" value="1980-12-09">
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<collectingDate box="[276,368,788,808]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" value="1980-12-09">9.xii.1980</collectingDate>
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</date>
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/
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<taxonomicName box="[385,505,789,809]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[385,505,789,809]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Brachystegia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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woodland’ (
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<collectionCode box="[618,689,788,808]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
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||
)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[181,1142,825,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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Distribution and biology: The species is recorded from two localities in
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<collectingCountry box="[970,1059,825,850]" name="Malawi" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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.Adults are known to fly in December (Table 1), midsummer in the southern hemisphere. The
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<typeStatus box="[181,229,889,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">type</typeStatus>
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material was collected on the ground in
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<taxonomicName box="[685,833,889,913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[685,833,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">Brachystegia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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woodland.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[181,1142,931,1084]" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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Similar species: A member of what is here called the ‘
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<taxonomicName box="[802,894,932,956]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">
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<emphasis box="[802,894,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">cribrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group’ which consists of
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<emphasis box="[303,1015,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[303,422,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipala">crassipala</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[432,526,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">cribrata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[535,637,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburacta">eburacta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[646,745,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">hesperia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[755,840,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malawi">malawi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[849,924,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">similis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[934,1015,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spicata">spicata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1065,1142,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[1065,1138,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These species are superficially similar, but can be easily separated on characters of the male genitalia.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[356,457,1028,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[356,457,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">T. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[671,788,1028,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipala">
|
||
<emphasis box="[671,788,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="200">crassipala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that both species have well-developed hypandria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |