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<mods:title id="1744D6A33645E722444933ACB4700B43">Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F3EA184998CF04E09F9CD77F023B830C">Borkent, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B9B6B5AE7C0B564A0F8246D63E0AAD9">Gillung, Jessica P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD5E43D7D1A28387E6FE2CF06956CA1C">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="86B8ED996F14315C95E999D0F3D61D64">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9172ECAD560ACB85AF2C3CF785DA0999" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9172ECAD560ACB85AF2C3CF785DA0999" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9172ECAD560ACB85AF2C3CF785DA0999" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">
<subSubSection id="B079A2535B7DAA94B7348B8F40FECCB6" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="D96A1491A6518877D11494F7AB33C29E" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Acroceridae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DF5B1747A08211CC648CB04B99C13FCF" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F71A3992E4D6EE3CF535A53E43208D22" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="30FF4C1153D31707EC2951900E64AA9D" ID-CoL="3CBVX" authority="Schlinger, 1960" authorityName="Schlinger" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus halli" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halli">Eulonchus halli Schlinger, 1960</taxonomicName>
Figs 2, 16B, 17A, 18A, 19A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8ECA4CA2D09DE99438873F8A1EA93C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C5F22930E0DF42EC46F55C09B965DBFD" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="D32CFADCEB57E6AE819D33CE3A6DE336" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus halli" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halli">
<pageBreakToken id="3DDE198E7076D212986591F641EAFA69" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" start="start">Eulonchus</pageBreakToken>
halli
</taxonomicName>
Schlinger, 1960: 418
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28B35AE365D43FBAF2766571803284CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="references">
<paragraph id="C6E45B69522281DD92E6C909F8ECA267" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72A8F241136CBCA146C4EA973B136473" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
<bibRefCitation id="75C599398DF9645628A6EA7DA82145E0" author="Arnaud, PH Jr" journalOrPublisher="Myia" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" title="A catalog of the types of Diptera in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences." volume="1" year="1979">Arnaud 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 203 (holotype depository);
<bibRefCitation id="CA22AB1F377B830FF1F7ED038B57508D" author="Schlinger, EI" editor="McAlpine, JF" journalOrPublisher="Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="575 - 584" title="Acroceridae." volumeTitle="Manual of Nearctic Diptera" year="1981">Schlinger 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 576 (figs);
<bibRefCitation id="2E69604D1D49F08C4FADBF0316A924F2" author="Poole, RW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Information Service, Rockville" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" title="Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America" year="1996">Poole 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 36 (checklist).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F20644AA433EA6E504C72E7BB6BE8105" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="common name">
<paragraph id="F5716C1FA822C8DAF7ACFC20AB0A7B43" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Common name.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BD6EA777CA92EE787558ADB0EF5E700" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
<normalizedToken id="028E4B6736FF627C47E9AC19D3E28E57" originalValue="Hall’s">Hall's</normalizedToken>
Sapphire.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB0553C35A0B8FFFC54DB242C11896DA" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="56C64A2485249B05718758FED592726C" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F46F5E108B3A95EED507BC2B806B942B" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Proboscis curved and extending beyond abdomen apex (but shorter than wing length), ocellar tubercle bifurcate; calypter margin pale; legs dark brown-black; abdomen dark brown with reddish metallic hue; extensive white pile on thorax and as bands on abdomen.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13DCC608C54257A5D85F88A9A50FE485" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="FAB4B2C68ECDB194F2FE2B5F77DCE721" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF0544DB3D7C9DEED057FD75DEC3AF65" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
Body length: 9.8-12.0 mm, Wing length 8.0-10.6 mm. Head. Flagellum dark brown, scape and pedicel brown; male flagellum cylindrical, shorter than head height; clypeus elongate, extending beyond oral cavity, shape rounded
<pageBreakToken id="7E3268C02609C7A3C7D931867DFE3124" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
raised ridge dorsally, surface glossy black-brown with sparse pubescence; labial palp brown, extending anteriorly beyond proboscis at point of attachment; margin of oral cavity (parafacial) finely pubescent, lacking pile; proboscis length extending to middle of abdomen; ocellar tubercle bifurcate, apices narrowly digitate and sub-parallel, tubercle height taller than width, median ocellus greatly reduced; occiput metallic blue or metallic purple, occipital pile densely white. Thorax. Metallic green, metallic blue or metallic purple in colour, setal pile white; coxae black with metallic blue sheen; femora dark brown, apices white; tibia brown; tarsi brown; calypter margin yellow or light brown, membrane translucent; haltere entirely dark brown. Abdomen. Metallic green, metallic blue violet or black with metallic green sheen, vestiture white, dominant setae erect, other pile posteriorly directed, marginal band of denser setae on T3-4. Male genitalia (Figs 17A, 18A, 19A). Epandrium rectangular, wide at the apex, with posterior margin concave; gonocoxite deeply emarginate along anterior margin, fenestrae lacking; aedeagus thinned at the apex, only slightly sclerotized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D341E613BEC411184BCA6B99DDA6288" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" type="type material">
<paragraph id="BF34F115188C7E5E7AA006DF5696E429" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F74A5117707E8940404D474AF53245C" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">
Holotype male, CAS, &quot;Riverside/ Cal. Mar 7, 34&quot; [white]; &quot;Timberlake/ Coll.&quot; [white]; &quot;on
<taxonomicName id="BB905F48718E9E6247904DA29D1932B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cryptantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cryptantha" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cryptantha</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="41420E70E216A06B8BFB72727423CCF3" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus intermedia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">intermedia</taxonomicName>
&quot; [white]; &quot;HOLOTYPE/
<taxonomicName id="56012363C83AE829C72089BF79F2EAAC" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eulonchus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="73DF6BDD5B532BFE10032A3481DE2261" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus halli" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halli">halli</taxonomicName>
/ ♂ Schlinger&quot; [orange]; &quot;Genitalia 51-3-id/ Dissection No./ by E.I. Schlinger&quot; [white]; &quot;California Academy/ of Sciences/ Type No. 6392&quot; [white];
<normalizedToken id="10BD82F53094E79416F082C6C725B43C" originalValue="“IMAGE”">&quot;IMAGE&quot;</normalizedToken>
[green]; &quot; CAS/ Dec-07&quot; [green]; specimen condition: good, proboscis, right flagellum and right front leg broken off and glued to a paper triangle on pin with specimen. Body length: 10.2 mm, Wing length: 9.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1ADE1AAE7D3889D18049C42392D88D4D" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CD7CCBB4A8AF80928A4DAECBA741CBE7" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="378CE0E2B07BC8D11413F5ECAADFB872" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">Listed in Table 3 (Suppl. material 1).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="077C4A95AEA26F346C8B83005691AEF3" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DE9FE3EAB3A348467ED45D65C77BE2A2" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5EA81985F756BA63DF3D84BFDE13BB11" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">(Fig. 20). Nearctic: Southern California (USA) to Baja California (Mexico).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DD8B10CA41601B56752F664BB33A0786" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="FC9E548F963BF6B09EDE922BD074FD8C" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A01F4C3E75CED1D0EBD195A3182737B0" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">
<bibRefCitation id="0404026C38A3429CCB401F4A8AFA297B" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="416 - 422" title="A review of the genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker. Part I. The species of the smaragdinus group (Diptera: Acroceridae)." url="10.1093/aesa/53.3.416" volume="53" year="1960">Schlinger (1960)</bibRefCitation>
notes that this species has a relatively short adult flight period (ca. six weeks) during spring and has a feeding preference on
<taxonomicName id="EB20FFE558A76DF6CB47D22E5743BD9B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cryptantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cryptantha intermedia" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">Cryptantha intermedia</taxonomicName>
flowers (Table 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA7589E9701E0BB245577C9D4379B92E" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1CCFE8C3230A9A52947193DEEAC88F8F" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52DAA0634CD7771E9D85417E03D158E3" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">The larval host for this species is unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7F32962A963A8568CB5930CCED581592" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" type="comments">
<paragraph id="EA948BB44ED468403D1A8E42FE001201" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A99E517AE6983281A02F864F38584A5F" pageId="9" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="71F33AF8C7C47B965FDA400C5DFB95A0" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus halli" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halli">Eulonchus halli</taxonomicName>
is a distinctive species that can be distinguished by the dark leg and body colouration, erect white thoracic and abdominal pile, raised bifurcate ocellar tubercle, and a curved proboscis that is shorter than the body length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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