229 lines
26 KiB
XML
229 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="9CF3B0671C1715AB9F6ECD0D91735A46" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186261" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4bc44d8-5688-4500-839e-2449308f744c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186261" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461049016422" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dlussky, Gennady M., Wappler, Torsten & Wedmann, Sonja" docDate="2009" docId="E378AE58D318FFF7FF78FA5F4BB27596" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02031p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2031" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gesomyrmex Mayr 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="1F41D620D31CFFF2FFEFFFC149307759" masterDocTitle="Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698578062481" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FB9B8E48E3469C77EC811D50C64A150F">Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F5729DD196DE921C974298214F6ABED5">Dlussky, Gennady M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F197A5D75F8F2349149B0440E784913">Wappler, Torsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D65D7DDF674321EED4F833EA14B424E">Wedmann, Sonja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D76A5E6436989A2E3546F37650056BD3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6BA6CE55832C44D6B208F19A3EADC089">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11EBF2453F882FA77265107BBD3110CB">2031</mods:number>
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<treatment id="E378AE58D318FFF7FF78FA5F4BB27596" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6223478" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6223478" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E378AE58D318FFF7FF78FA5F4BB27596" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E378AE58D318FFF7FF78FA5F4BB27596" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D318FFF6FF78FA5F4B2F72E1" box="[151,543,1438,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED318FFF6FF78FA5F4B2F72E1" blockId="4.[151,543,1438,1464]" box="[151,543,1438,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="3026A822D318FFF6FF78FA5F4B2F72E1" bold="true" box="[151,543,1438,1464]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FF78FA5F4B2F72E1" bold="true" box="[151,543,1438,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FF01FA5F4B2F72E1" ID-CoL="4N9D" authority="Mayr, 1868" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[238,543,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FF01FA5F48BC72E1" bold="true" box="[238,396,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD318FFF6FE7CFA5F4B2F72E1" author="Mayr" box="[403,543,1438,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D318FFF6FF78FA1F4AB472A1" box="[151,900,1502,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED318FFF6FF78FA1F4AB472A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1502,2031]" box="[151,900,1502,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FF78FA1F480972A1" bold="true" box="[151,313,1502,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus id="B46AA1ECD318FFF6FF78FA1F49E472A1" box="[151,212,1502,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FEAFFA1E4BE772A1" authority="Mayr, 1868" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[320,727,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FEAFFA1E4B7672A1" box="[320,582,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gesomyrmex hoernesi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD318FFF6FDA2FA1F4BE772A1" author="Mayr" box="[589,727,1502,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D318FFF6FF2AF9C44D3D700D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED318FFF6FF2AF9C44D3271CA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FF2AF9C448747146" bold="true" box="[197,324,1541,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Worker caste polymorphic. Eyes enormously large in workers and males. Antennae geniculate, 8-segmented in worker, 10-segmented in gyne and 8–11-segmented in male. Mandible in worker and gyne with 5–10 acute teeth; mandibles in male reduced, not opposable. Posterolateral corners of the head and propodeum without spines. Fore wings with closed cells 1+2r, 3r and mcu.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED318FFF6FF2AF95E4D3D700D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FF2AF95E4B4A71E0" bold="true" box="[197,634,1695,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Species numbers and distribution.</emphasis>
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Six extant species are known which are distributed in the Oriental tropics (
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<figureCitation id="F3EA03CBD318FFF6FF15F907487171B9" box="[250,321,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,256,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,384,1037]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,384,1037]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of extant and fossil species of Gesomyrmex. 1 – 6 extant species: 1 — G. chaperi André, 2 — G. howardi Wheeler, 3 — G. kalshoveni Wheeler, 4 — G. luzonensis (Wheeler), 5 — G. spatulatus Cole, 6 — G. tobiasi Dubovikoff; 7 – 11 fossil species: 7 – 10 — G. hoernesi Mayr (7 — Baltic amber, 8 — Bitterfeldian amber, 9 — Rovno amber, 10 — Scandinavian amber), 11 — Messel and Eckfeld." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Three fossil species were described:
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FCF8F9064D8671B9" authority="Mayr, 1868" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[791,1206,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FCF8F9064D1271B9" box="[791,1058,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gesomyrmex hoernesi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD318FFF6FBC5F9074D8671B9" author="Mayr" box="[1066,1206,1734,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Baltic amber, late Eocene),
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FEE9F92C4B6B705E" authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" box="[262,603,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eoformica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expectans">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FEE9F92C48AB705F" box="[262,411,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. expectans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD318FFF6FE4DF92C4B6B705E" author="Theobald" box="[418,603,1773,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Theobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. G. Thomas, Nancy, 473 pp." type="book" year="1937">Théobald, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Kleinkembs,
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<collectingCountry id="13C65FDED318FFF6FCE5F92C4A6D705E" box="[778,861,1773,1799]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">France</collectingCountry>
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, Oligocene) and
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FBCAF92C4DB3705F" box="[1061,1155,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. m i e g i</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD318FFF6FB60F92C4C78705E" author="Theobald" box="[1167,1352,1773,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Theobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. G. Thomas, Nancy, 473 pp." type="book" year="1937">Théobald, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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(Haut- Rhin,
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<collectingCountry id="13C65FDED318FFF6FF0FF8D548037077" box="[224,307,1812,1838]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">France</collectingCountry>
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, Oligocene). The last two fossil species must be excluded from
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FBC0F8D54DF97074" box="[1071,1225,1812,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FBC0F8D54DF97074" box="[1071,1225,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FB34F8D54C7D7074" box="[1243,1357,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vide infra</emphasis>
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). Five new species from middle Eocene deposits of
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<collectingCountry id="13C65FDED318FFF6FD46F8FB4A26700D" box="[681,790,1850,1876]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Germany</collectingCountry>
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are described below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D318FFF7FF2AF8A14BB27596" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED318FFF7FF2AF8A14C5477A6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1502,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,719]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FF2AF8A148687023" bold="true" box="[197,344,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comments.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD318FFF6FE8FF8A048CC7022" author="Mayr" box="[352,508,1889,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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described the genus
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FD11F8A04AAC7023" box="[766,924,1889,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FD11F8A04AAC7023" box="[766,924,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the unique species
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FB22F8A04C697023" box="[1229,1369,1889,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FB22F8A04C697023" box="[1229,1369,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Baltic amber from
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<specimenCount id="7DD7D4C7D318FFF6FE93F8494B3370FB" box="[380,515,1928,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="worker">19 workers</specimenCount>
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and one male. A quarter of a century later
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD318FFF6FBE0F8494D8270FB" author="Andre" box="[1039,1202,1928,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Andre, E. (1892) Voyage de M. Chaper a Borneo. Catalogue des fourmis et description des especes nouvelles. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 5, 46 - 55." type="journal article" year="1892">André (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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described two new extant species from Borneo. One of them was similar to fossil
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FC80F86E4AC77091" box="[879,1015,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. h o e r n e s i,</emphasis>
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and he described it as
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD318FFF6FAECF86E49C770B7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaperi">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD318FFF6FAECF86E49C770B7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gesomyrmex chaperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The second species differed by its large size, a more elongate head and smaller eyes, and he described it as
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FEA7FF594B5977E8" box="[328,617,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janeti">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FEA7FF594B5977E8" box="[328,617,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex janeti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FD97FF594A2D77EB" author="Emery" box="[632,797,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Emery, C. (1905) Deux fourmis de l'ambre de la Baltique (Hym.). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1905, 187 - 189." type="journal article" year="1905">Emery (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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found in Baltic amber a specimen similar to
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FADBFF594CAC77E8" box="[1332,1436,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janeti">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FADBFF594CAC77E8" box="[1332,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. janeti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and described it as
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FE91FF7E4B937781" box="[382,675,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
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<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FE91FF7E4B937781" box="[382,675,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex theryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Finally
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<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FCE0FF7F4AFB7781" author="Wheeler" box="[783,971,190,216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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re-described
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FB80FF7E4DC67781" box="[1135,1270,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FB80FF7E4DC67781" box="[1135,1270,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FADDFF7E4CAD7781" box="[1330,1437,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FADDFF7E4CAD7781" box="[1330,1437,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. theryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described two new species from Baltic amber:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FD02FF244D3277A7" box="[749,1026,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annectens">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FD02FF244D3277A7" box="[749,1026,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex annectens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FBD3FF244C6C77A7" box="[1084,1372,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FBD3FF244C6C77A7" box="[1084,1372,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex mayri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF2AFECD4A23756D" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Some years later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE7CFECD4B7F767F" author="Wheeler" box="[403,591,268,294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1929) The identity of the ant genera Gesomyrmex Mayr and Dimorphomyrmex Ernest Andre. Psyche, 36, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
received
|
||
<specimenCount id="7DD7D4C7D319FFF7FD2CFECD4A7A767F" box="[707,842,268,294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="worker">18 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, collected by L.G.K. Kalshoven in Java. All these ants were collected from the same nest, so, naturally, they belonged to the same species described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FE984B14762A" authority="Wheeler." authorityName="Wheeler." box="[151,548,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalshoveni">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FE984884762B" box="[151,436,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex kalshoveni</emphasis>
|
||
Wheeler.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Workers from the same colony were very polymorphic. Large, medium and small workers differed by the form of the head, eye size, and mandible form. Moreover large (major) workers had characters of
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FE9EFE664B657699" box="[369,597,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FE9EFE664B607699" box="[369,592,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimorphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and small (minor) and medium workers those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FB58FE664C657699" box="[1207,1365,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FB58FE664C657699" box="[1207,1365,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As a result Wheeler designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FE33FE0C4B8776BF" box="[476,695,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FE33FE0C4B8776BF" box="[476,695,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FC25FE0C4D5776BF" box="[970,1127,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FC25FE0C4D5776BF" box="[970,1127,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and concluded that both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FEFBFE3548D97554" box="[276,489,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FEFBFE3548D97554" box="[276,489,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FD33FE354A457554" box="[732,885,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FD33FE354A457554" box="[732,885,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from Baltic amber, really belong to one polymorphic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FE2EFDDB4A23756D" authority="Mayr." authorityName="Mayr." box="[449,787,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FE2EFDDB4BF7756A" box="[449,711,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex hoernesi</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF2AFD804BB27596" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Most extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FE36FD804B437503" box="[473,627,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FE36FD804B437503" box="[473,627,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known only from the worker caste. A revision of the genus and key for determination of workers was published by Cole (1949). Only three sexuals are known: a winged gyne and a male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FEAFFD4E48EB75F1" box="[320,475,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FEAFFD4E48EB75F1" box="[320,475,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. luzonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE04FD4F4BA675F1" author="Wheeler" box="[491,662,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) Four new and interesting ants from the mountains of Borneo and Luzon. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 6, 9 - 18." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FD4CFD4F4BEF75F1" author="Wheeler" box="[675,735,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1930) A second note on Gesomyrmex. Psyche, 37, 35 - 40." type="journal article" year="1930">1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a wingless gyne of
|
||
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FBE8FD4E4D4475F1" box="[1031,1140,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. t o b i a s i</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FB67FD4F4C6A75F1" author="Dubovikoff" box="[1160,1370,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Dubovikoff, D. A. (2004) A new species of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr, 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Vietnam. Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva, 75, 219 - 221." type="journal article" year="2004">Dubovikoff 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The last species is known only from this gyne.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |