389 lines
34 KiB
XML
389 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="48F6B801A1A7B0F9E14E7D04715DADB3" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.447.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5412759" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630355187123" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pereyra, Martín O., Blotto, Boris L., Baldo, Diego, Chaparro, Juan C., Ron, Santiago R., Elias-Costa, Agustín J., Iglesias, Patricia P., Venegas, Pablo J., C. Thomé, Maria Tereza, Ospina-Sarria, Jhon Jairo, Maciel, Natan M., Rada, Marco, Kolenc, Francisco, Borteiro, Claudio, Rivera-Correa, Mauricio, Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M., Moravec, Jiří, De La Riva, Ignacio, Wheeler, Ward C., Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago, Grant, Taran, Haddad, Célio F. B. & Faivovich, Julián" docDate="2021" docId="AC6D87D2FFC0154FFF89FCE67FAAF91F" docLanguage="en" docName="447.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (447)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-447/issue-1/0003-0090.447.1.1/Evolution-in-the-Genus-Rhinella--A-Total-Evidence-Phylogenetic/10.1206/0003-0090.447.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinella sternosignata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="5054FFAAFFF91576FFE5FF917B16FFD6" masterDocTitle="Evolution In The Genus Rhinella: A Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis Of Neotropical True Toads (Anura: Bufonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1699243917363" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
|
<mods:mods id="60D1213AFA7698F7F3872D1F90924F45" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="F2D76EACC64DDF81D71E32CEC24E1C1A">
|
|
<mods:title id="1CF89798654E2E0F049C5249EF6ABB93">Evolution In The Genus Rhinella: A Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis Of Neotropical True Toads (Anura: Bufonidae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="DFA032814B151FFDD5DEA6311D734061" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="EB7BF10F869F63360AA06BD22D3538DB">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="B15344ACDEF8C9F81945086F19650EB4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="92F6EBB61085822CD905EB01EC698732">Pereyra, Martín O.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="326888599EFC09E8D4F12326D06F8C23" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="82F0AB73604D041E61532341113E6526">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="6DB7EF1F5D27C38C5F6A28FDA3753004">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="91FAD5B0E3DA3D64758634B4C935B62D">Blotto, Boris L.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="E718234BB2A5184D64074D69B855B49B" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="CCF9516DEED7B7B409C10C61BAA14AB5">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="65958CF6363A76869CBD10801CD28BE3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="E89368A278ABBFCA966F06F3652D1EF6">Baldo, Diego</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="004E0EF36FF656C6D4C86BE1B7016D9B" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="25BB47F97C2DEB847BC2030DFC71256F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5EF5188D63300C0735454DB96C3EB37B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="BA6C19D2F21D9D708797F0324584F21C">Chaparro, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="5EFCE91FC7C24BD91CA20ECC279B78A9" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="0F7839A89F68CACEFEC4273F4090DB5E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="8E56227D4B85537A0200D0A2A8E0B154">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="648E3CC13025890BCABE197EA7746595">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="2CED072D751DCEEA256CF0BB4505AF8F" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="AB52CD36585F27ABACB123498A5F0E75">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="A5AD017B00FBE6F30E08FDE20135CA5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="AAA6944CF39EDBA696EF8F3F9374CD06">Elias-Costa, Agustín J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="B043505FD1AD1B1E170ADC8CB1511BDF" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="BB0EB1245C37413E8DCF1712BA74DB5F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="8C6CF732CC6ECCA38CB2074D02FF8BE9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="AD4078C0735C3945B0E46EE971649F0F">Iglesias, Patricia P.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="07FE4D3D3AFA9F491A0E18659E319B83" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="ABD27C5612F5E6D84DA2A84F9346C544">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="4080CA198BA9153B88B40959C43BA6D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="290F12FBE23AD2901C6379BD9DC3E796">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="5179EBE788C60AD51357D5AA16679241" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="29EDE3A7C611782408CEB7B8FEE84E97">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="605554526035F75BCC426D996D111782">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="7F2D2C806631C38126A68C7F7FDFA70C">C. Thomé, Maria Tereza</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="B6F17973145717AFD8B825FDE83E2849" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="BD96C48780074253B3F93B4C15B2BEDE">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="DDD5877F2F2EE7F782351239A2C51AD0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="065C149200650F0849B87C32A1099EBE">Ospina-Sarria, Jhon Jairo</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="E703504AD0CF91315E98F534B0F295BF" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="F0AA84961CEBBA419BADBD8265F7957D">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5A7165A172102FC6102AB67753AD7041">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="254A1A50E63DB7BB68DBD7D144C40A19">Maciel, Natan M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="752EBB79F47C18085E918852892BFB44" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="7D7746380BF913A77D3B0188FCB9297E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="AC1B6EEED88D7DA9A9A32C1C641D68F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B5D01BCFCB6F757CE5E60F0A01F9C4F9">Rada, Marco</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="A3588F16B3292322F7180184D269477D" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="067472384225B53BB89B4C78AF56F65F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="0B4B04AD3B60F6151C2CCDF8BC5F43C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="3139AA329D1488240FAC7DF7DD2C5EED">Kolenc, Francisco</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="144FF5918972BD97C419691BA57AA9A4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="D70D165ADDB309E31B50D39A263F15D6">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="6A044111601A3F7E547CBB5937A05628">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="257D42C62DBD272E6958DDD763A69B88">Borteiro, Claudio</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="E749F21399158193F09DBB8361E9110B" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="2D5B98F7FAC32ED9C448CF9528A766A2">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="73D2C40F0DF90BC21C975889F3E78269">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="738A1D1A527F0E5F4AD59ACB47AEDFA4">Rivera-Correa, Mauricio</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="BC6817D79644503DC16A7C41DE7339AA" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="8CEE419C38E8FED9A0C1B4B1A935E04E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="B6CCF53CF3B89E9092ED944583017A96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="D6810E1AF10CA7735A2A8E8EFDBA0BB3">Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="223CF681C5F746A818A64DE7BA74C5A8" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="9A8B169C71B4FA480228100C13B89402">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="759A3AA5DE60D0D5DA8272367C78508F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="33FC002B7EC050C25DE2A02FDA9E4303">Moravec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="EC42BB7F8D3C6FB672780F165060E3E5" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="00EF8FB220528C5FCCFC89D45BD6DA47">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="A273A4ACC11C1123840A5A70F085D317">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="354B804070B540F2E86BC8CB32C1200C">De La Riva, Ignacio</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="F26C885A118EB304DAACFC72C92F0384" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="DE909D93FA0F2D56C0B08C834CC22DD4">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="83218EDB0E09E11F3010ADE63BFC37D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="A9BCDFFB1CD387985C76FD48FA4CD5B6">Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="B99CFE176A2380D75B53579DD0D11475" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3C61868F37F4E18D588E111999EB3358">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="7E00B5C7E00A4FE6EA131FE9BD479260">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="31D76CBF8BE5AAE8CA5C7D0F665FBDA8">Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="852C7D8FE23FBB02646413336BA2D4FE" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="0D931828115395B6C598105630AE6E43">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="900641E37598F17CBCAD549FEA4F9852">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B3A53BD0BCAA625C268005C30F42D38F">Grant, Taran</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="516C9CC8CC855AD3AC6303C46CD9AC48" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3857ADAAE75AD7FF816918F24B08228F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="EBC0475E7C96D334FEB1447D47753245">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="17EF0B6DD7E4EE6258B06C0013959D67">Haddad, Célio F. B.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="3725514E674B53FA09FC15C90DFD91E4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="279D8BC8A1A76E3CFA198AD7C34CE38F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="41543AFAAF21ED17D94FE4C3BF8059E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="D081B8E4D5708D00A4871910BC8800C7">Faivovich, Julián</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="B81D4F9151EB3476C6AB08A62751825B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="65DE1137BBD64913D71FF76028CF4FB3" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="2F86DBE941659052873794F4DC92C4FA">
|
|
<mods:title id="A76CCBB312518B82EACEEDA92303852D">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="74951F3B1315017EEA5B2E9E895000B2">
|
|
<mods:date id="C0D43C43841954225730268D159D7954">2021</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="5DB812A5A06A52A1CCB8D1516217DD6B" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="5748959F57C9752643E009A555E28342">2021-03-31</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="C9D1648D3021D16A0009B1CEF71424FA" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="7644056F0AC4A32C4726413F452B7C80">2021</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="BEEC44CB01ECF6B328E5AA55C7B78650" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="6C7567CCD364DEBF730CF8BB8122C128">447</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="D992DEB55561A29DD365DE2941D2B7D5" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="E9BC0F0942E37C4311DCA073EC0BC1C1">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="7DC69DF34528D19A3FB38128154B2DFA">157</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="EF5E5CDB80104F65B2F5C43C9612FBC6">
|
|
<mods:url id="7AA09B2E0F72EF71A775F0710543DB02">https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-447/issue-1/0003-0090.447.1.1/Evolution-in-the-Genus-Rhinella--A-Total-Evidence-Phylogenetic/10.1206/0003-0090.447.1.1.full</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="635529CAD3C8BEF06915C17CD0986DEA">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="1191CD8EA4B12D32FD2289239FCDACFA" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090.447.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="57BE3801802CC61F5AF669CCF488DD0C" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="9247DE1495917F1F6637EA30851EBEE8" type="Zenodo-Dep">5412759</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="AC6D87D2FFC0154FFF89FCE67FAAF91F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC6D87D2FFC0154FFF89FCE67FAAF91F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC6D87D2FFC0154FFF89FCE67FAAF91F" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<subSubSection id="6CDE654FFFC0154FFF89FCE67A9BFC58" box="[108,397,887,910]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="247B36C4FFC0154FFF89FCE67A9BFC58" blockId="57.[108,637,887,1738]" box="[108,397,887,910]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<heading id="7F3381A8FFC0154FFF89FCE67A9BFC58" box="[108,397,887,910]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" reason="6">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF89FCE67A9BFC58" ID-CoL="4S7Q2" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[108,397,887,910]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternosignata">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFF89FCE67A9BFC58" box="[108,397,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">RHINELLA STERNOSIGNATA</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6CDE654FFFC0154FFF69FC097A77F91C" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="247B36C4FFC0154FFF69FC097A77F91C" blockId="57.[108,637,887,1738]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
DIAGNOSIS:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFEF0FC097BAEFC07" authority="(Gunther, 1858 b)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternosignata">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFEF0FC097911FC66" box="[277,519,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Rhinella sternosignata</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40554B35FFC0154FFDFDFC097BA7FC07" author="Gunther, A." pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="319 - 328" refId="ref66131" refString="Gunther, A. 1858 b. Neue Batrachier in der Sammlung des britischen Museums. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Berlin 24: 319 - 328." type="journal article" year="1858">Günther, 1858b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was recovered as the sister taxon of all other species of the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFEA9FC4A7AE0FC24" box="[332,502,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFE8CFC4B7AE0FC24" box="[361,502,986,1010]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">margaritifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Clade, with poor support (JGC = 49%, JAC = 71%). Phenotypic autapomorphies are: (1) acuminate anterior margins of nasals (char. 6.1), with instances of homoplasy in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFEEEFBCF7AD7FBA0" box="[267,449,1118,1142]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coniferus">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFEEEFBCF7AD7FBA0" box="[267,449,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Incilius coniferus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFDC2FBCE7BC6FB4E" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFDA2FBCE7BC6FB4E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">margaritifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Group; (2) articulation of the zygomatic ramus of the squamosal with the maxilla (char. 15.1), with instances of homoplasy in the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFF89FB727BE0FB2D" box="[108,246,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF68FB727BE0FB2D" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[141,246,1251,1275]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosa">granulosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Group and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFE66FB72795AFB2D" box="[387,588,1251,1275]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Peltophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemur">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFE66FB72795AFB2D" box="[387,588,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Peltophryne lemur</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; (3) articulation between the medial ramus of the pterygoid and parasphenoid alae with a jagged suture (char. 22.1) with instances of homoplasy in
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFF6FFAF97AD5FAA9" box="[138,451,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF4CFAF67A01FAA9" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[169,279,1383,1407]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="achalensis">achalensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
, R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFEA7FAF97AD5FAA9" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[322,451,1384,1407]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">atacamensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, some species of the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFF70FA187BF9FA76" box="[149,239,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF51FA197BF9FA76" box="[180,239,1416,1440]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">festae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFEC3FA187A2AFA76" box="[294,316,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">R.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFEA6FA19793DFA76" authority="Groups" authorityName="Groups" box="[323,555,1416,1440]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFEA6FA197AC6FA76" box="[323,464,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">margaritifera</emphasis>
|
|
Groups
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and in the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFF72FA3B7A10FA17" box="[151,262,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF52FA3B7A10FA17" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[183,262,1450,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">marina</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Group; (4) parotoid gland round to ovoid mostly symmetrical (char. 56.2); (5) large size of adult males with respect to adult females (char. 66.1), with instances of homoplasy in
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFF6FF9BF7A0DF993" box="[138,283,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF4CF9BC7A0DF993" box="[169,283,1581,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, and in several species of the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFD82F9BF7BADF9B0" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF89F9DE7BADF9B0" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[108,187,1615,1638]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">marina</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Clade; and (6) unpigmented eggs (char. 88.0), with instances of homoplasy in
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFDC6F9E17955F97E" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFDC6F9E17BF7F97E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ansonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longidigita">Ansonia longidigita</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF0BF9017AD1F97E" baseAuthorityName="Harvey and Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[238,455,1680,1704]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="justinianoi">Rhinella justinianoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFE11F9017955F97E" baseAuthorityName="Lotters and Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[500,579,1680,1704]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanlaii">stanlaii</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, and in the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFF50F9237A1BF91C" box="[181,269,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFF37F9237A1BF91C" box="[210,269,1714,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">festae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Group.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6CDE654FFFC0154FFD29FF737833FDF5" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="247B36C4FFC0154FFD29FF737863FE16" blockId="57.[684,1214,226,1539]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="94AC3C99FFC0154FFD29FF737867FE16" collectorName="Cordillera de la Costa & La Marca" country="Venezuela" location="Merida" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
|
|
DISTRIBUTION: This species inhabits montane forests of the
|
|
<collectorName id="89315312FFC0154FFCB6FE927F41FECD" box="[851,1111,259,283]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Cordillera de la Costa</collectorName>
|
|
and the Andean Cordillera de
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E600F826FFC0154FFC4DFEB578E1FEEA" box="[936,1015,292,316]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
|
of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFBFAFEB57F98FEEA" box="[1055,1166,292,316]" name="Venezuela" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectorName id="89315312FFC0154FFB7AFEB579E2FE8A" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">La Marca</collectorName>
|
|
and Mijares-Urrutia, 1996; Barrio- Amorós et al., 2019). See map 5 (available at https://doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.46) for
|
|
<typeStatus id="FB7F8866FFC0154FFBB0FE167F93FE49" box="[1109,1157,391,415]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
|
and sampled localities
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="247B36C4FFC0154FFD29FE587833FDF5" blockId="57.[684,1214,226,1539]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
SISTER CLADE: The clade composed of the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFD49FE7B78EDFDD4" box="[684,1019,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFD49FE7B7851FDD4" box="[684,839,490,514]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">Rhinella festae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFC8BFE7B78EDFDD4" box="[878,1019,490,514]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">margaritifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, and
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFBD3FE7A7F5AFDD4" box="[1078,1100,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">R.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFBB6FE7A7833FDF5" authority="Groups." authorityName="Groups. Pramuk" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFBB6FE7A79D0FDF5" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">veraguensis</emphasis>
|
|
Groups.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6CDE654FFFC0154FFD29FDBD7FAAF91F" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="247B36C4FFC0154FFD29FDBD7FAFF9D5" blockId="57.[684,1214,226,1539]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
COMMENTS: This species was tentatively associated with the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFCB5FDDC7F21FDB3" box="[848,1079,589,613]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFCB5FDDC7F21FDB3" box="[848,1079,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Rhinella margaritifera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40554B35FFC0154FFBA0FDDC7FAFFDB3" author="Cei, J. M." box="[1093,1209,589,613]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="82 - 92" refId="ref61680" refString="Cei, J. M. 1972 a. Bufo of South America. In W. F. Blair (editor), Evolution in the genus Bufo: 82 - 92. Austin: University of Texas Press." type="book chapter" year="1972">Cei, 1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40554B35FFC0154FFD49FDFF7873FD51" author="Hoogmoed, M. S." box="[684,869,622,647]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="113 - 123" refId="ref67406" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. 1990. Biosystematics of South American Bufonidae, with special reference to the Bufo " typhonius " group. In G. Peters and R. Hutterer (editors), Vertebrates in the tropics: 113 - 123. Bonn: Museum Alexander Koenig." type="book chapter" year="1990">Hoogmoed, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40554B35FFC0154FFC8BFDFF7F8FFD51" author="Duellman, W. E. & R. Schulte" box="[878,1177,622,647]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="162 - 172" refId="ref63343" refString="Duellman, W. E., and R. Schulte. 1992. Description of a new species of Bufo from northern Peru with comments on phenetic groups of South American toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Copeia 1992: 162 - 172." type="journal article" year="1992">Duellman and Schulte, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) or
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFD49FD0179D4FD71" box="[684,706,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">R.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFD2EFD1E7F52FD71" authority="Groups (Gallardo, 1962)" authorityName="Groups (Gallardo" authorityYear="1962" box="[715,1092,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFD2EFD1E7827FD71" box="[715,817,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">granulosa</emphasis>
|
|
Groups (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40554B35FFC0154FFC7DFD1E7F2BFD71" author="Gallardo, J. M." box="[920,1085,655,679]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="93 - 102" refId="ref64937" refString="Gallardo, J. M. 1962. A proposito de Bufo variegatus (Gunther), sapo del bosque humedo antartandico, y las otras especies de Bufo neotropicales. Physis 23: 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="1962">Gallardo, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Pereyra et al. (2016a) rejected the inclusion of this species in any of these groups, but they could not determine its relationships rigorously due to the poor sampling of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFCFFFC857862FCFA" box="[794,884,788,812]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFCFFFC857862FCFA" box="[794,884,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This species was wrongly reported for many localities outside the Cordillera de la Costa montane forests region in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFBAAFCC77FAAFCB8" box="[1103,1212,854,878]" name="Venezuela" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
as discussed by La Marca and Mijares-Urrutia (1996). Vélez-Rodríguez (1999) recorded this species in error for
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFC85FC2878DCFC07" box="[864,970,953,977]" name="Colombia" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(see Vélez-Rodríguez, 2004b, 2005). Additionally, there are a large number of recent reports of
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFC3DFC6D7F9BFBC5" box="[984,1165,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFC1BFC6D7F9BFBC5" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1022,1165,1020,1043]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternosignata">sternosignata</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
for
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFD49FB8D7800FBE2" box="[684,790,1052,1076]" name="Colombia" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40554B35FFC0154FFCC0FB8D7F2AFBE2" author="Acosta-Galvis, A. R. & C. Huertas & M. A. Rada" box="[805,1084,1052,1076]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="291 - 303" refId="ref58043" refString="Acosta-Galvis, A. R., C. Huertas, and M. A. Rada. 2006. Aproximacion al conocimiento de los anfibios en una localidad del Magdalena Medio (Departamento de Caldas, Colombia). Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales 30: 291 - 303." type="journal article" year="2006">Acosta-Galvis et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Romero et al., 2008;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40554B35FFC0154FFCF7FBAC78E3FB83" author="Acosta-Galvis, A. R." box="[786,1013,1085,1109]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="182 - 2010" refId="ref57966" refString="Acosta-Galvis, A. R. 2012 a. Anfibios de los enclaves secos en la ecorregion de la Tatacoa y su area de influencia. Biota Colombiana 13: 182 - 2010." type="journal article" year="2012">Acosta-Galvis, 2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 2012b). Analyzed specimens tentatively assigned to this species from the eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFD49FB317801FB6E" box="[684,791,1184,1208]" name="Colombia" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<date id="507A1004FFC0154FFCCDFB3078B3FB6F" box="[808,933,1185,1209]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" value="1314-03">MAR 1314</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E600F826FFC0154FFC56FB307F16FB6F" box="[947,1024,1185,1209]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
|
|
and
|
|
<date id="507A1004FFC0154FFBD9FB307FAEFB6E" box="[1084,1208,1184,1209]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" value="1955-03">MAR 1955</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E600F826FFC0154FFD49FB53781EFB0C" box="[684,776,1218,1242]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
|
|
) were unrelated to the specimen of
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFB40FB537820FB2C" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFD49FB727820FB2C" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[684,822,1251,1274]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternosignata">sternosignata</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFC9FFB7278F1FB2D" box="[890,999,1251,1275]" name="Venezuela" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
in the phylogenetic analyses, and instead, they represent an undescribed species along with other specimens of the
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFD48FAD6784DFA88" box="[685,859,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFD2BFAD7784DFA88" box="[718,859,1350,1374]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">margaritifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Group from
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E600F826FFC0154FFC1DFAD77F57FA8B" box="[1016,1089,1350,1373]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFBB5FAD77F93FA8B" box="[1104,1157,1350,1373]" name="Peru" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E600F826FFC0154FFD49FAF6781DFAA9" box="[684,779,1383,1407]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Miranda</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFCF2FAF67892FAA9" box="[791,900,1383,1407]" name="Venezuela" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFC73FAF67F05FAA8" box="[918,1043,1383,1407]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFC73FAF678FBFAA9" box="[918,1005,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
|
sp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
13, see below). These results, and the absence of comprehensive comparative studies considering topotypical material of
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFD1DFA5A78B5FA34" box="[760,931,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
R.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFCFDFA5A78B5FA34" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[792,931,1483,1506]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternosignata">sternosignata</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, indicate that there is no evidence to consider its occurrence in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CD37654FFC0154FFBACFA7A7FA3F9D5" box="[1097,1205,1515,1539]" name="Colombia" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="247B36C4FFC0154FFD49F9BF7FAAF91F" blockId="57.[684,1214,1581,1738]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
|
|
THE
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3C44D47FFC0154FFD04F9BF78FEF993" authorityName="Groups. Pramuk" authorityYear="2006" box="[737,1000,1582,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="16B0EAD6FFC0154FFD04F9BF78FEF993" box="[737,1000,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">RHINELLA VERAGUENSIS</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
GROUP DIAGNOSIS: No phenotypic synapomorphies were recovered for this strongly supported group (JGC and JAF = 100%). This is mainly due to the lack of detailed information for one of its two con-
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |