212 lines
30 KiB
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212 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="BA445AF2DDC956F816AE95003B59B708" ID-CLB-Dataset="268357" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.21.006.15380" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb0ec03e-dbbf-4995-8364-4eb71b5563fa" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8357003" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1695064707593" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gómez, Fernando, Zhang, Huan, Roselli, Leonilde & Lin, Senjie" docDate="2021" docId="AC5B8797FFA1B9087811F252FDD5366C" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.60.1.47-59.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 60" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.21.006.15380" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7.2:ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Prorocentrum shikokuense" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="5062FFEFFFA7B9017B21F65BFF8F3257" masterDocTitle="Detection of Prorocentrum shikokuense in the Mediterranean Sea and evidence that P. dentatum, P. obtusidens and P. shikokuense are three different species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1695130658035" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A3ACDCE9FC81E768E6633F39D1848BD1">Detection of Prorocentrum shikokuense in the Mediterranean Sea and evidence that P. dentatum, P. obtusidens and P. shikokuense are three different species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E2CDEF99FBC9538067D5AD757D05DB2">Gómez, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E86D2DC0EC59B309E3D6BA1374919A1">Zhang, Huan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="646DF3C4F4476BA7F944C462516B536B">Roselli, Leonilde</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4131AE5D3CFDE6F99E86897AA403B3BB">Lin, Senjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8B61E8C15927A5139C0E3E70EFC21048">Acta Protozoologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="09EECC24C42CF6AD179CE6934B6DF61C">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AC5B8797FFA1B9087811F252FDD5366C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8359908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8359908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC5B8797FFA1B9087811F252FDD5366C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC5B8797FFA1B9087811F252FDD5366C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="6CE8650AFFA1B9077811F252FC0F3612" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="244D3681FFA1B9077811F252FA383675" blockId="6.[816,1463,1032,1093]" box="[816,1463,1032,1059]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="7F0581EDFFA1B9077811F252FA383675" bold="true" box="[816,1463,1032,1059]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077811F252FA383675" bold="true" box="[816,1463,1032,1059]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077811F252FB0C3674" authority="Hada, 1975" box="[816,1155,1032,1059]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077811F252FB0C3674" bold="true" box="[816,1155,1032,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Prorocentrum shikokuense</emphasis>
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in the North Atlantic
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="244D3681FFA1B9077811F270FC0F3612" blockId="6.[816,1463,1032,1093]" box="[816,896,1067,1093]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077811F270FC0F3612" bold="true" box="[816,896,1067,1093]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Ocean</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6CE8650AFFA1B9087877F206FDD5366C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="244D3681FFA1B9077877F206FBE335C6" blockId="6.[816,1463,1117,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
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The molecular data suggest the presence of
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077E4AF206FC1336CE" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077E4AF206FC1336CE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the European Atlantic (
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<figureCitation id="BCC92A04FFA1B9077FF1F224FA9336CE" box="[1232,1308,1151,1177]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[125,160,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[132,1447,223,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[119,1457,223,1675]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8357005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BCC92A04FFA1B9077E09F224FAB636CE" box="[1320,1337,1151,1177]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[132,167,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[139,1461,223,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-59@8.[129,1467,223,1828]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree based on ITS rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8357009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">4</figureCitation>
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), but studies combining molecular and morphological data remain missing. In addition to the sequence from the subtropical Canary Islands, there is other SSU rRNA gene sequence from a strain isolated in the Baltic Sea that clustered in the clade of
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077FA8F376FABA3711" box="[1161,1333,1324,1350]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077FA8F376FABA3711" box="[1161,1333,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(accession number MH976698) (
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<figureCitation id="BCC92A04FFA1B9077F60F315FB1E373E" box="[1089,1169,1358,1385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[125,160,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[132,1447,223,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[119,1457,223,1675]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8357005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="40634B70FFA1B9077F8FF315FC1137DC" author="Monti-Birkenmeier M. & Berden Zrimec M. & Drinovec L. & Beran A. & Zrimec A. & Cataletto B. & Fonda Umani S." pageId="6" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref7557" refString="Monti-Birkenmeier M., Berden Zrimec M., Drinovec L., Beran A., Zrimec A., Cataletto B. and Fonda Umani S. (2019) Influence of salinity on growth and cell volume in three strains of Prorocentrum cordatum (Dinophyceae). Aquat. Biol. 28: 1 - 12" type="journal article" year="2019">Monti-Birkenmeier et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
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, their fig. 2c) provided a SEM image of this Baltic strain submitted to GenBank as
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077E32F3CFFC103787" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="cordatum">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077E32F3CFFC103787" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Prorocentrum cordatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The cell was oval with a length of 10 µm that fit well with
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B90778D6F382FCF83442" authority="(Monti-Birkenmeier et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Monti-Birkenmeier" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="cordatum">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B90778D6F382FB0D37A5" box="[1015,1154,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. cordatum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="40634B70FFA1B9077FB0F383FCE03442" author="Monti-Birkenmeier M. & Berden Zrimec M. & Drinovec L. & Beran A. & Zrimec A. & Cataletto B. & Fonda Umani S." pageId="6" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref7557" refString="Monti-Birkenmeier M., Berden Zrimec M., Drinovec L., Beran A., Zrimec A., Cataletto B. and Fonda Umani S. (2019) Influence of salinity on growth and cell volume in three strains of Prorocentrum cordatum (Dinophyceae). Aquat. Biol. 28: 1 - 12" type="journal article" year="2019">Monti-Birkenmeier et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, while cells of
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077F07F3A7FB5E3442" box="[1062,1233,1531,1557]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077F07F3A7FB5E3442" box="[1062,1233,1531,1557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are more elongated and ~20 µm long. There is no coherence between the morphology of the illustrated cell and the topology of the sequence MH
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<quantity id="E30A9B64FFA1B9077F27F039FB0F342B" box="[1030,1152,1634,1660]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48081292" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="976698.0">976698 in</quantity>
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the molecular phylogeny (
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<figureCitation id="BCC92A04FFA1B9077818F0DEFC0934C8" box="[825,902,1669,1695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[125,160,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[132,1447,223,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[119,1457,223,1675]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8357005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). According Xu et al. (2010),
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077E26F0DDFA3834C8" box="[1287,1463,1669,1695]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077E26F0DDFA3834C8" box="[1287,1463,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showed an optimal growth at 27 ºC in the East
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<collectingCountry id="5CE57611FFA1B9077E50F0F3FA383495" box="[1393,1463,1704,1730]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea. In the Mediterranean Sea, blooms of
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077E09F090FCD83551" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077E09F090FCD83551" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were observed at temperatures of 28–32 ºC (
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<bibRefCitation id="40634B70FFA1B9077E43F0B6FC21357E" author="Roselli L. & Vadrucci M. R. & Fanelli F. & Ungaro N. & Caroppo C." pageId="6" pageNumber="53" pagination="197 - 204" refId="ref7858" refString="Roselli L., Vadrucci M. R., Fanelli F., Ungaro N. and Caroppo C. (2019) First bloom event of the small dinoflagellate Prorocentrum shikokuense in the Mediterranean Sea: cryptogenic of introduced? Mar. Pollut. Bull. 139: 197 - 204" type="journal article" year="2019">Roselli et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). The Baltic Sea is characterized by low temperatures, and huge blooms are not expected. Further studies are needed to confirm the occurrence of
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA1B9077E4CF10EFC1335C6" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA1B9077E4CF10EFC1335C6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in the Baltic Sea.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="708D6609FFA0B9067B58F112FDE935CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357007" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8357007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8357007/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" startId="7.[121,156,1865,1887]" targetBox="[142,1461,219,1816]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="244D3681FFA0B9067B58F112FDE935CF" blockId="7.[121,1456,1865,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA0B9067B58F112FF363509" bold="true" box="[121,185,1865,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
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Phylogenetic tree based on D1/D2 LSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA0B9067F8FF111FA203509" box="[1198,1455,1865,1887]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
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<emphasis id="1686EA93FFA0B9067F8FF111FA203509" box="[1198,1455,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Prorocentrum shikokuense</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
by
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<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFA0B9067BB6F13EFEE5352C" authority="Likelihood" authorityName="Likelihood" box="[151,362,1893,1915]" genus="Postprorocentrum" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="maximum">Maximum Likelihood</taxonomicName>
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(ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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|
||
<paragraph id="244D3681FFAFB9097BA5F119FD8035C7" blockId="8.[132,1463,1858,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAFB9097BA5F119FF4C3500" bold="true" box="[132,195,1858,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic tree based on ITS rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAFB9097F78F118FAD63500" box="[1113,1369,1858,1880]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAFB9097F78F118FAD63500" box="[1113,1369,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Prorocentrum shikokuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAFB9097E5DF119FEAB3523" authority="Likelihood" authorityName="Likelihood" genus="Postprorocentrum" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="maximum">Maximum Likelihood</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="244D3681FFAEB9087B82F6BBFDD5366C" blockId="9.[125,772,223,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
In the ITS rRNA gene phylogeny, a sequence identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087BC6F758FD8C334B" box="[231,515,259,284]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087BC6F758FD8C334B" box="[231,515,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Prorocentrum rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with accession number EU244471 clustered in the clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087978F77DFC8C3368" box="[601,771,293,319]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087978F77DFC8C3368" box="[601,771,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among sequences from the Asian Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCC92A04FFAEB908798FF71CFD793335" box="[686,758,327,354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[132,167,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[139,1461,223,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-59@8.[129,1467,223,1828]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree based on ITS rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8357009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087B5CF730FE1733D3" box="[125,408,363,388]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087B5CF730FE1733D3" box="[125,408,363,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Prorocentrum rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinctive species known from tropical waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40634B70FFAEB9087AA3F7D6FD8633F0" author="Stein F." box="[386,521,397,423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refId="ref8111" refString="Stein F. (1883) Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere nach eigenen forschungen in systematischere Reihenfolge bearbeitet. III. Abtheilung. II. Halfte die Naturgeschichte der Arthrodelen Flagellaten. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany" type="book" year="1883">Stein 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The cells are elongated, 5–6 times as long as broad (~60 µm long), valves ending at anterior end in long pointed process, notched in the side view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087A68F7ADFDEB3058" box="[329,612,502,527]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087A68F7ADFDEB3058" box="[329,612,502,527]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Prorocentrum rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087A6FF443FE7A3065" box="[334,501,536,562]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087A6FF443FE7A3065" box="[334,501,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is smaller, ~20 µm long, with an inconspicuous shoulder, and a round posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCC92A04FFAEB9087A2FF406FEC23020" box="[270,333,605,631]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[125,160,1752,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[130,1468,261,1866]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Light micrographs of Lugol’s solution preserved individuals and line drawings of Prorocentrum dentatum (A–I), P. obtusidens (J– AC) and P.shikokuense (AB,AD–AH). (A–B) Prorocentrum dentatum by Stein (1883). (C–I) Individuals from the Pacific Ocean. See Table 1 for location. (J) Prorocentrum obtusidens re-drawn from Schiller (1928). (K–AB) Individuals from a single sample collected offshore Taranto, Ionian Sea. (Y–AB) Valves of the same individual. (AB) One cell of P. obtusidens and two cells of P. shikokuense. (AC) P. obtusidens collected offshore Bari, Adriatic Sea. (AD) Prorocentrum shikokuense redrawn from Hada (1975). (AB, AE–AH) Individuals from a single sample of the harbor of Brindisi, Italy. (AE–AG) Chain-forming individuals. (AH) Note the intraspecific morphological variability. The last individual corresponds to a megacytic cell. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8359906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8359906/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
AB, AE–AH). The strain
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087956F405FF2B30CD" authority="PR" authorityName="PR" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087956F405FC8B3020" box="[631,772,606,631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
PR
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1V (EU244471) was isolated at Vigo, NW Spain. It is not expected to find the tropical species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087954F4F8FC8B30EB" box="[629,772,675,700]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087954F4F8FC8B30EB" box="[629,772,675,700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the cold waters of the Galician Rias. No morphological information of the strain PR1V is available currently. Beyond the problem in the identification associated with the sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087A65F575FE633110" box="[324,492,813,839]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087A65F575FE633110" box="[324,492,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Europe, the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087BBCF50AFECA313D" box="[157,325,848,874]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087BBCF50AFECA313D" box="[157,325,848,874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the European Atlantic Ocean is not unexpected, but a definite conclusion awaits combined morphological and molecular analyses. While the molecular data reveal that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB9087A48F5E2FE7C3185" box="[361,499,952,978]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB9087A48F5E2FE7C3185" box="[361,499,952,978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present in the American and European coasts of the North Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCC92A04FFAEB9087BA4F5A6FF63364F" box="[133,236,1021,1048]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[125,160,1767,1789]" captionStartId-1="7.[121,156,1865,1887]" captionStartId-2="8.[132,167,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1447,223,1675]" captionTargetBox-1="[142,1461,219,1816]" captionTargetBox-2="[139,1461,223,1827]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@5.[119,1457,223,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure-6@7.[129,1467,219,1824]" captionTargetId-2="figure-59@8.[129,1467,223,1828]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree based on D1/D2 LSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree based on ITS rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of the sequence of Prorocentrum shikokuense by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values. BS and PP values <70 and 0.8, respectively, are not shown." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357005" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357007" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8357009" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8357005/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8357007/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8357009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
), there is no evidence for the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F24D02FFAEB908799CF5A5FF69366D" class="Dinophyceae" family="Prorocentraceae" genus="Prorocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorocentrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="shikokuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="1686EA93FFAEB908799CF5A5FF69366D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">P. shikokuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the American Atlantic coasts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |