322 lines
31 KiB
XML
322 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0d60ce0-b0d6-4f4d-851b-a50ca3aa7e23" ID-PMC="PMC4857041" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-581-1" ID-PubMed="27199581" ID-ZBK="209BCC32FB2349F1B383F317DA1BD9FC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-581-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 581" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Muricea Lamouroux, 1821 (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the eastern Pacific. Part II" checkinTime="1460715444821" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M." docDate="2016" docId="A3DED2CA987680C3C24A48494AB4DF5F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 581: 1-69" docOrigin="ZooKeys 581" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7910" docTitle="Muricea fruticosa group" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="7A542248FFC5FFC2FFC9FFA6991D8917" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Muricea Lamouroux, 1821 (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the eastern Pacific. Part II" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1668162968560" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the genus Muricea Lamouroux, 1821 (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the eastern Pacific. Part II</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guzman, Hector M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>581</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>69</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-581-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">209BCC32FB2349F1B383F317DA1BD9FC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">209BCC32FB2349F1B383F317DA1BD9FC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3DED2CA987680C3C24A48494AB4DF5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3DED2CA987680C3C24A48494AB4DF5F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Taxon classification Animalia Alcyonacea Plexauridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa group</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1, 2, 3, 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1869.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1869: 428;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen " Valdivia " 1898 - 99" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 946" title="Gorgonaria." volume="13" year="1919">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1919
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 752;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich" year="1924">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1924
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 142;
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<bibRefCitation author="Harden, DG" journalOrPublisher="Illinois State University, Illinois, USA" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" title="Intuitive and Numerical Classification of East Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia)" year="1979">Harden 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 147;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hardee, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="127 - 140" title="Redescription and taxonomic comparison of three eastern Pacific species of Muricea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)." volume="95" year="1996">Hardee and Wicksten 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 129.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subspecies" species="fruticosa" subspecies="typica">Muricea fruticosa typica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich" year="1924">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1924
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 142;
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<bibRefCitation author="Harden, DG" journalOrPublisher="Illinois State University, Illinois, USA" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" title="Intuitive and Numerical Classification of East Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia)" year="1979">Harden 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 147.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa var. miser" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="fruticosa" variety="miser">Muricea fruticosa var. miser</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1869: 430;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen " Valdivia " 1898 - 99" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 946" title="Gorgonaria." volume="13" year="1919">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1919
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 752;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich" year="1924">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1924
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 143;
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<bibRefCitation author="Harden, DG" journalOrPublisher="Illinois State University, Illinois, USA" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" title="Intuitive and Numerical Classification of East Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia)" year="1979">Harden 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 149 (syn. n.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Thesea crosslandi</taxonomicName>
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Hickson, 1928: 354-356 (syn. n.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Pseudothesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudothesea crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Pseudothesea crosslandi</taxonomicName>
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(Hickson, 1928);
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<bibRefCitation author="Stiasny, G" journalOrPublisher="Aus der Sammlung Dr. Th. Mortensen, Zoologisk Museum, Kopenhagen Videnskavelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kovenhavn for Aarene" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="59 - 103" title="Gorgonaria von Panama." volume="107" year="1943">Stiasny 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 64-66 (syn. n.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<typeStatus pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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(here designated). YPM 1574c, dry, Pearl Islands,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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, 11-14 m, F.H. Bradley, 1866. (YPM 1792, fragment from
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<typeStatus pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lectotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Verrill’s">Verrill's</normalizedToken>
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1868 figured specimen).
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<typeStatus pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
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: MCZ 706 (fragment from YPM 1574); MCZ 7020; USNM 33588; YPM 1566 (as
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa var. miser" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="fruticosa" variety="miser">Muricea fruticosa var. miser</taxonomicName>
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), dry, Pearl Islands, F.H. Bradley, 1866, no more data; YPM 1660; YPM 1574a-b, d-e, same data as the
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<typeStatus pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lectotype</typeStatus>
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; YPM 3067, dry, with the
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<typeStatus pageId="7" pageNumber="8">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea retusa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="retusa">Muricea retusa</taxonomicName>
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at the base, Pearl Islands, 11-14 m, F.H. Bradley, 1866.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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MCZ 5002; YPM 1566a-d; ZMUC-ANT 193 (as
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa var. miser" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="fruticosa" variety="miser">Muricea fruticosa var. miser</taxonomicName>
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), dry, Pearl Islands, F.H. Bradley, 1866. MCZ 4126 (
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parisis fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Parisis fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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), ZMUC-ANT 169 (as
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Thesea crosslandi</taxonomicName>
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), ethanol preserved, San Jose Island, Pearl Islands, 49.3 m, T. Mortensen, 27 January 1916.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The lectotype is a large, bushy colony 35 cm tall, and about 45 cm wide. Four main branches, 25-35 mm in diameter, somewhat flattened, arise from an irregular, 52 mm diameter holdfast. The holdfast is spreading and raised about 30 mm above substrate, the specimen is attached to a plaster base for a past years museum display (Fig. 1A). The main branches subdivide very close to the base in secondary branches that immediately divide and subdivide in an irregular manner producing branches and branchlets closely placed, no more than 20 mm apart, at angles 45°-90°. Secondary branches and branchlets are 3-5 mm in diameter, mostly crooked and curved upwards or downwards. Some anastomosis occurs at the ends of branchlets. Unbranched terminal ends are 3-5 mm in diameter and 15-40 mm long. The axis is clear amber at the tips and darker at the base. The calyces are close together, or few millimetres apart, not imbricate, spreading outward and upward. They have large, strong, sharp sclerites forming the shelf-like projecting platform, 1-1.2 mm long, on the lower side (Fig. 1B). Polyps are on the upper side of the prominent calyces. The calyx sclerites give a prickly appearance to the colony (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). The calyx size and spacing vary from the larger branches to the thinner, being larger and acute, and closer placed at the branchlets and shorter, blunt, and distant at the main branches. The polyp apertures are covered by anthocodial sclerites. The coenenchyme is thin, composed of reddish-brown, amber, pale yellow to whitish sclerites (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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). The outer coenenchyme and the calycular sclerites are composed of large, conspicuous unilateral spinous spindles visible to the naked eye (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). These spindles are of diverse shapes, with blunt or acute ends, or irregular with one acute end and the other blunt, with bifurcated ends or with spiny tips. The unilateral spinous spindles are basically spinulose on the outer surface and tuberculate on the inner surface in this species, some tubercles are large, sharp and spiny. The spindles are deep reddish brown, brownish yellow to pale yellow, and combinations of them (Fig. 1C). These spindles are 0.53-2.1 mm long, and 0.11-0.55 mm wide (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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); they are forming the calyces and lying between them. The spindles bordering the calyx are long with stout, terminal spikes, 0.32-1 mm long and 0.07-0.2 mm wide, some with bifurcated warty ends (Fig. 2B). The axial sheath is composed of small, pale yellow to colourless spindles, 0.30-1 mm long and 0.05-0.12 mm wide, with whorls of small warts, and long spindles (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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). Anthocodial sclerites are of a yellow to a very pale yellow colour, arranged in irregular points, mostly composed of warty spindles, 0.40-0.64 mm long,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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0.07-0.1 mm wide, small warty rods 0.2-0.38 mm long and 0.5-0.1 mm wide, and small branched spindles around 0.20 mm long, and 0.15 mm wide (Fig. 2E).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1869 YPM 1574c. A Colony B Detail of branches
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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Sclerites, light micrograph.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1869 YPM 1574c.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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Calycular and coenenchymal sclerites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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Axial sheath E Anthocodial sclerites.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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The colony is bicoloured, reddish brown at the tips, fading to a light yellow towards the base (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="habitat and variability">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Habitat and variability.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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There are two colour patterns in the syntype series, a marked bicoloured pattern, with dark reddish tips and whitish to pale yellow stems (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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), and intermediate patterns less differentiated (Fig. 3B). The bicoloured pattern is more evident in small specimens than in large colonies (Figs 1A, 3A), and in some case there is a dominance of white colour in the branches. In large colonies, we have observed both patterns in different branches in the same colony (Fig. 3A, arrows). The lectotype (YPM 1574c) is the largest specimen and with the most profuse branching, some other colonies in the syntypes are formed by just a few branches. Our recent collected material shows the bicolour pattern and the colonies can reach up to 25 mm long and 30 mm wide. They are mostly bushy, openly ramified colonies with white polyps. Some specimens change colour after drying, the white part becomes a rusty reddish. When preserved in alcohol they keep the colours unaltered and do not
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">tint</pageBreakToken>
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the spirit. The sclerites of the paralectotypes and the other material analysed are in the variation range of the species. The calyces can be more sparsely set and shorter in some colonies. The species is found on rocky substrata in clusters or solitary, attached to small debris or shells, especially when sparsely distributed. The colonies are in caves or exposed to the currents. They are found in clear or turbid waters.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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is found at various localities in the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
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Islands, exposed to moderate currents and in caves, reaching no more than 15 cm wide (Fig. 4A) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hickman, CP" journalOrPublisher="Sugar Spring Press, Lexington Virginia-USA" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" title="A field guide to corals and other radiates of Galapagos." year="2008">Hickman 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). The deepest record for the species is down to 102 m at Cocos Island seamounts (Fig. 4B), but it is found shallower in other places from 8 to 25 m deep.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1869 Morphological variation. A YPM 1574a, arrow showing two branch variations in the same colony B MCZ 7020 C YPM 1566d D YPM 1566b.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1869. AIn situ colonies, with expanded polyps, Nameless Islet,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
|
||
Islands National Park, Ecuador. Photograph: Graham Edgar BIn situ colonies, Everest mount, Isla del Coco National Park, 95 m deep. Photograph: DeepSee submersible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
From
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
|
||
to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Type locality, Pearl Islands,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="418 - 518" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, Number 6: Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." volume="1" year="1869">Verrill (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a collection of specimens from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa var. miser" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="fruticosa" variety="miser">Muricea fruticosa var. miser</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on some small specimens from the same locality but from shallower waters. He pointed out that the differences between the species and the variety are the small size of the colonies and the marked bicolour pattern. He also noticed that the calyces at the base of the branches were shorter, and that the sclerites were similar to the typical form but smaller. However, the reduction of the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">calyx</pageBreakToken>
|
||
size at the base of the branches occurs in most species of the genus, and the size of sclerites is in the range of variation found in the examined specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="325 - 422" title="Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XLVII. The Gorgonacea of Panama Bay together with a description of one species from the Galapagos Islands and one from Trinidad." volume="85" year="1928">Hickson (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Thesea crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
with specimens from Taboga Island, and San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
Island (Pearl Islands),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stiasny, G" journalOrPublisher="Aus der Sammlung Dr. Th. Mortensen, Zoologisk Museum, Kopenhagen Videnskavelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kovenhavn for Aarene" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="59 - 103" title="Gorgonaria von Panama." volume="107" year="1943">Stiasny (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-examined Hickson specimens acknowledging the differences with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, and assigned the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Pseudothesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudothesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pseudothesea</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1919 to the specimen. However, the description and the sclerite illustrations given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="325 - 422" title="Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XLVII. The Gorgonacea of Panama Bay together with a description of one species from the Galapagos Islands and one from Trinidad." volume="85" year="1928">Hickson (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stiasny, G" journalOrPublisher="Aus der Sammlung Dr. Th. Mortensen, Zoologisk Museum, Kopenhagen Videnskavelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kovenhavn for Aarene" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="59 - 103" title="Gorgonaria von Panama." volume="107" year="1943">Stiasny (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we corroborated this after examination of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hickson’s">Hickson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens in the BM. For this reason,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Thesea crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Pseudothesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudothesea crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Pseudothesea crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are herein treated as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In order to establish the identity of this species, the YPM 1574c specimen is herein designated as the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Other material revised.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
COSTA RICA: UCR 482, 486, dry, Punta Conejo, Herradura, Puntarenas, 10 m, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 21 September 1996; UCR 520 (3), dry, Nicoya Gulf, CJ Kalb, 2 March 1967; UCR 576, dry, San Juanillo, Guanacaste, 12.5 m, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 14 June 1991; UCR 588, dry, Pitahaya Beach, Guanacaste, 20-23 m, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 15 June 1991; UCR 837-839, dry, Ballena Bay, Nicoya Gulf, 40 m, R/V Victor Hensen, 2 December 1993. ECUADOR: CASIZ 105032, ethanol preserved, Santa Cruz Island, Nameless Islet,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
|
||
Islands, 20 m, P. Humann, no collection date. CDRS 03-76, ethanol preserved, Los Hermanos,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
|
||
Islands, 9 m, C. Hickman, 17 January 2003. CDRS 06-33, ethanol preserved, Nameless Island,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
|
||
Islands, 9-10 m, C. Hickman, 25 May 2006. IIN 7, 9, dry, Tambip, Salinas, 12-14 m, F. Rivera, P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 20 July 2010; IIN 21, dry, Bajo Lunes, Salinas, 18 m, F. Rivera, P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 21 July 2010; IIN 34, 69, Gigima, Salinas, 12-14 m, F. Rivera, P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 22 July 2010; IIN 88, 89, 123, dry, Los Ahorcados, Machalilla National Park, 10-12 m, F. Rivera, P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 25 July 2010. EL SALVADOR: UCR 1938, ethanol preserved, Departamento la Libertad, Playa Mizata, J. Segovia, 27 February 2010.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="MÉXICO">MEXICO</normalizedToken>
|
||
: CASIZ 097734, ethanol preserved, Roca Partida, South side, Revillagigedo Islands, 36 m, R.J.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">Van</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Syoc, M/V "Royal Star, Clipperton Island Expedition 1994, 2 May 1994. CASIZ 103387, ethanol preserved, Boca del Tule to Arena Blanca, Baja California Sur, 30 m, W. Lee, J. Moran, J. McCosker, 26-27 April 1976; CASIZ 100843, ethanol preserved, Roca Alejos, Baja California Sur, 18-33, Robert Van Syoc, Cordell Expeditions, 5 November 1990. STRI 1124, 1130B, 1151, ethanol preserved, La Blanca, Oaxaca, 46-48 m, R. Abeytia, 23 August 2004.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
|
||
: STRI 405, Seca Grande Island, 20 m, H. Guzman, 26 August 2002; STRI 534, Bajo Bolano, 25 m, H. Guzman, 16 April 2003; STRI 572, ethanol preserved, Viudas Island, 10-20 m, H. Guzman, 18 April 2003; STRI 836, San Telmo Island, 27 m, H. Guzman, 7 April 2004; STRI 848, Sur Pacheca, 2 m, H. Guzman, 20 April 2004; STRI 865, Achotines, 3-10 m, H. Guzman, 5 May 2004; STRI 879, Pearl Island, H. Guzman; STRI 888, Pearl Island, 25 m, H. Guzman, 15 August 2004; STRI 892, Pearl Island, H. Guzman, 15 August 2004; STRI 942, Pearl Island, 3-20 m, H. Guzman, 23 September 2004. USNM 34063, dry, Gulf of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
, L.C. Cash, no more data.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PERÚ">PERU</normalizedToken>
|
||
: CZA 230, dry, Foca Island, 12-15m, Y. Hooker, 14 June 2009; CZA 255; 293, dry, Punta Sal, 12-15m, Y. Hooker, 2 July 2011.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |