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<mods:title id="E51D14A0CB8F8A708E29D0118269EE02">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51F441886B9CA6F8380891AA6B9256C6">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="645ECCD792155C128A36906FBDA3B355">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FBF88CBA22F4738C629E3060E37D574D">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8979485629C330BECDDF9EA2717C536">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A92DA97C334C3DDF2" blockId="101.[151,665,151,214]" box="[151,498,151,178]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFF8392A92DA97C334C3DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,498,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A92DA97C334C3DDF2" ID-CoL="52V4H" authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,498,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Stotzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephedrae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A92DA97C334C3DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,498,151,178]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A92DA97C3346EDDF1" bold="true" box="[151,351,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stotzia ephedrae</emphasis>
(Newstead)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A92DA97EF37A8DD96" box="[151,665,187,214]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A92DA97EF37A8DD96" blockId="101.[151,665,151,214]" box="[151,665,187,214]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF8392A92D297EF35C2DD96" box="[159,243,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,353,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-89@102.[212,1374,345,1949]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 44. Adult female of Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead), reproduced from Ezzat &amp; Hussein (1969) page 400, fig. 14, with permission from the Editor of Bulletin de la Société entomologique dEgypte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385544/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF8392A92B397EF3450DD96" box="[254,353,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,234,1629,1653]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[189,1398,181,1606]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="PLATE 3. Coccidae continued: A, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); B, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); C, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); D, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); E-1 and E-2, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell &amp; Parrott); F, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385396/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Plate 3G</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF8392A906197EF37A0DD96" box="[556,657,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1381,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-17@183.[206,1381,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 93. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell; B, Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); C, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; E, Rhizococcus borchsenii Danzig; F, Rhizococcus istresianus (Goux); G, Rhizococcus reynei (Schmutterer); H, Rhizococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius); I, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); J, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); K, Saissetia coffeae (Walker); L, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell &amp; Parrott); M, Saissetia oleae (Olivier); N, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); O, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385725/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 93O</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A92DA965437C4DC75" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A92DA965437C4DC75" blockId="101.[151,1437,255,310]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFF8392A92DA965437C4DC75" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF8392A92DA96543776DC5B" author="Newstead, R." box="[151,583,256,280]" page="83" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="1901">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A92DA96543776DC5B" ID-CoL="6Q9TB" authority="Newstead, 1901: 83" authorityName="Newstead" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,583,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lichtensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephedrae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A92DA96543458DC5B" box="[151,361,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lichtensia ephedrae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A933E96543776DC5B" author="Newstead, R." box="[371,583,256,280]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="81 - 86" refId="ref107345" refString="Newstead, R. (1901) Observations on Coccidae. No. 19. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 37, 81 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27060" type="journal article" year="1901">Newstead, 1901: 83</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF8392A9018965436F3DC5B" author="Marchal, P." box="[597,962,255,280]" page="144" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="1906">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A9018965436F3DC5B" ID-CoL="6J2P4" authority="Marchal, 1906: 144" authorityName="Marchal" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1906" box="[597,962,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Stotzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A9018965437D7DC54" box="[597,742,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stotzia striata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A90BD965436F3DC5B" author="Marchal, P." box="[752,962,255,280]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="143 - 145" refId="ref105134" refString="Marchal, P. (1906) Sur deux especes de cochenilles nouvelles (Hem. Hom.) recoltees en Algerie. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 9, 143 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1906.23916" type="journal article" year="1906">Marchal, 1906: 144</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF8392A9182965430A8DC5B" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[975,1433,256,280]" page="308" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A9182965430A8DC5B" ID-CoL="6J2PK" authority="Balachowsky, 1929: 308" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityPageNumber="308" authorityYear="1929" box="[975,1433,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Filippia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foucauldi">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A9182965431BADC5B" box="[975,1163,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Filippia foucauldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A96D8965430A8DC5B" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[1173,1433,256,280]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="301 - 322" refId="ref97711" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1929) Contribution a l'etude des coccides de l'Afrique Mineure (6 e note). Faune du Hoggar. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 98, 301 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21686351.1929.12280111" type="journal article" year="1929">Balachowsky, 1929: 308</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A928A964B34DEDC75" ID-CoL="52V4H" authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[199,495,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Stotzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephedrae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A964B3441DC75" box="[199,368,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stotzia ephedrae</emphasis>
(Newstead)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF8392A93B4964A37C0DC75" author="Matile-Ferrero, D." box="[505,753,286,310]" page="44" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A93B4964A37C0DC75" author="Matile-Ferrero, D." box="[505,753,286,310]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="39 - 70" refId="ref105267" refString="Matile-Ferrero, D. (1978) Homopteres Coccoidea de l'Archipel des Comores. In: Faune Entomologique de l'Archipel des Comores. Matile, L. (Ed.). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, New Series, Serie A, Zoologie, 109, pp. 39 - 70." type="journal article" year="1978">Matile-Ferrero 1978: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A92DA963031C5DC3D" box="[151,1268,356,383]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A92DA963031C5DC3D" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" box="[151,1268,356,383]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A92DA963034A3DC3D" bold="true" box="[151,402,356,382]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Adult females completely enclosed in oval, white, thick and compact ovisac.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A928A96DC34C3D90D" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A96DC37C0DC85" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A96DC34ECDCE1" bold="true" box="[199,477,392,418]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval, but dorsum broader than venter. Stigmatic clefts not developed. Anal cleft fairly short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A968535DDDFDC" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A96853410DCA9" box="[199,289,465,490]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm completely membranous, even in old specimens. Setae short, spinose, scattered throughout.
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFF8392A9726968535E3DF4C" count="2" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic" typeStatus="types">Two types</specimenCount>
of pores, both present sparsely. (i) a quite small, round to oval, pore with a finely granulate surface, and (ii) a minute tubular pore, with filamentous inner ductule. Preopercular pores and duct tubercles absent. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFF8392A92DA956935ECDF14" box="[151,221,573,599]" count="1" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
present, each with outer ductule stout, inner ductule thin with a large, flower-like terminal gland, numerous throughout. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 3 apical setae and 1 on inner margin. Anal ring bearing 8 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A95FD3057DE48" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A95FD342BDF81" box="[199,282,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae bluntly spinose, with parallel sides and a narrow basal socket; each side with about 25 36 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. Stigmatic clefts with 3 stigmatic spines, each only slightly differentiated from marginal setae, but slightly shorter and broader; median spines longer than marginal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A944134C3D90D" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A9441343EDE6D" box="[199,271,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, present around anogenital fold, and extending posteriorly along part of anal cleft; also present on preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; absent from head and thorax. Spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi, present in broad bands between each spiracle and margin. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae (not illustrated) (in Iranian specimens); also 2 or 3 pairs of long setae between antennal bases; other setae scattered. Microducts sparse and restricted to a wide submarginal band (not illustrated). Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFF8392A90B4949D3675DEA0" box="[761,836,969,995]" count="1" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
, each duct with a large, flower-like terminal gland, abundant in a wide submarginal band, much less frequent medially. Antennae each with 8 segments, third segment longest. Legs well developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulation and a small articulatory sclerosis; claw digitules both fine and longer than claw.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A928A930C37A1D9F8" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A930C37A1D9F8" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A930C3452D931" bold="true" box="[199,355,1112,1138]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A9323930D371CD931" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[366,557,1112,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Stotzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephedrae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A9323930D371CD931" box="[366,557,1112,1139]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stotzia ephedrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from 11 Palaearctic countries (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A9602930D30A1D931" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[1103,1424,1112,1139]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A9741930D3070D931" box="[1292,1345,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF8392A92F5932935D9D9D4" box="[184,232,1149,1175]" name="Iran" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFF8392A93D1932934C8D9D4" box="[412,505,1149,1175]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Kerman</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFF8392A904593283742D9D5" box="[520,627,1148,1174]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
e Jounobi,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFF8392A914393283648D9D5" box="[782,889,1148,1174]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
-e Razavi,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFF8392A964893283141D9D5" box="[1029,1136,1148,1174]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
-e Shomali and Sistan &amp; Balouchestan provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A93FD93F437B5D9F8" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[432,644,1184,1211]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A928A93913624D864" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A93913624D864" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A9391346AD99C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1221,1247]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded on host-plants in six genera belonging to five families:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A9760939030A9D99D" box="[1325,1432,1220,1246]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A92DA93BD3404D840" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[151,309,1257,1283]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A930E93BC34E4D841" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[323,469,1256,1282]" class="Gnetopsida" family="Ephedraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephedrales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ephedraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A93AE93BC377AD841" box="[483,587,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A90CA93BC3146D841" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[647,1143,1256,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Tamaricaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A917F93BD315ED841" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[818,1135,1256,1283]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A91A093BD3113D841" box="[1005,1058,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF8392A96E893BD31E4D840" box="[1189,1237,1257,1283]" name="Iran" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has only been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A936E9258349AD864" box="[291,427,1292,1319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ephedra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A936E925834B2D865" box="[291,387,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Ephedra</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A93F49258377DD865" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[441,588,1292,1318]" class="Gnetopsida" family="Ephedraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephedrales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ephedraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A902F92583639D864" author="Kaussari, M." box="[610,776,1292,1319]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref103611" refString="Kaussari, M. (1957) La deuxieme liste des cochenilles de l'Iran. Ministere de l'Agriculture, Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, Publication du Departement General de la Protection Plantes. Tehran, 16 - 17, 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1957">Kaussari 1957</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A928A926437A8D82C" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A92643696D808" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" box="[199,935,1328,1355]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A926434E6D809" bold="true" box="[199,471,1328,1354]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not of any economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF8392A913F92653692D808" box="[882,931,1329,1355]" name="Iran" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A920137A8D82C" blockId="101.[151,1437,356,1391]" box="[199,665,1364,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A920134A5D82D" bold="true" box="[199,404,1364,1391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF8392A9029920137A4D82C" box="[612,661,1365,1391]" name="Iran" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>