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<document id="0FA56DA4A725B0396C6BA08FFE02E0A2" ID-CLB-Dataset="306474" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFF4392692DA95A437A8DBB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Pseudochermes fraxini" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1734101643649" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0028D88B096C96ED4C84E1D1628E6F9A">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="483E81C8C4167D4ED0F1CF0395AA8577">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF15E3067815928F2F583E1AD24C8DD2">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5F68EB995B1D905CCCFF503F8B8FAA23">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="646E884C71C8A08B529A8E2B8DDBF1BB">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF4392692DA95A4376ADE49" box="[151,603,752,779]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF4392692DA95A4376ADE49" blockId="105.[151,603,752,815]" box="[151,603,752,779]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFF4392692DA95A4376ADE49" bold="true" box="[151,603,752,779]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF4392692DA95A4376ADE49" ID-CoL="4NTB2" authority="(Kaltenbach)" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,603,752,779]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Pseudochermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraxini">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF4392692DA95A4376ADE49" bold="true" box="[151,603,752,779]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF4392692DA95A4349EDE49" bold="true" box="[151,431,752,779]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Pseudochermes fraxini</emphasis>
(Kaltenbach)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF4392692DA9440372EDE6C" box="[151,543,788,815]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF4392692DA9440372EDE6C" blockId="105.[151,603,752,815]" box="[151,543,788,815]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF4392692D2944035C2DE6D" box="[159,243,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,183,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-22@106.[151,1436,181,1900]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 46. Adult female of Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach), reproduced from Williams (1985), page 387, fig. 17, with permission from the author and © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. F, Small frontal tubercle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385552/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF4392693F094403726DE6C" box="[445,535,788,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385723/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 92I</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF4392692DA940D31F5DED3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF4392692DA940D31F5DED3" blockId="105.[151,1437,857,912]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFF4392692DA940D31F5DED3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF4392692DA940D377DDE32" author="Kaltenbach, J. H." box="[151,588,857,881]" page="259" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1860">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF4392692DA940D377DDE32" authority="Kaltenbach, 1860: 259" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityPageNumber="259" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,588,857,881]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraxini">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF4392692DA940D3475DE32" box="[151,324,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Chermes fraxini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF43926931F940D377DDE32" author="Kaltenbach, J. H." box="[338,588,857,881]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="203 - 260" refId="ref103470" refString="Kaltenbach, J. H. (1860) [The German phytophages from the class of insects]. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins des Preussisches Rheinlandes, 17, 203 - 260. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1860">Kaltenbach, 1860: 259</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF439269013940E3688DE32" ID-CoL="3B3Y5" authority="(Kaltenbach)" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" box="[606,953,857,881]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraxini">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF439269013940E3612DE32" box="[606,803,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Eriococcus fraxini</emphasis>
(Kaltenbach)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF439269186940D31D3DE32" author="Newstead, R." box="[971,1250,857,881]" page="165" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF439269186940D31D3DE32" author="Newstead, R." box="[971,1250,857,881]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="164 - 166" refId="ref107215" refString="Newstead, R. (1891) On some new or little known Coccidae found in England [No. 1?]. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 26, 164 - 166." type="journal article" year="1891">Newstead 1891: 165166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF4392696B9940E347EDED3" ID-CoL="4T4RR" authority="(Kaltenbach)" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Ripersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraxini">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF4392696B9940E30ACDE32" box="[1268,1437,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ripersia fraxini</emphasis>
(Kaltenbach)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF439269314942C371DDED3" author="Newstead, R." box="[345,556,888,912]" page="147" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF439269314942C371DDED3" author="Newstead, R." box="[345,556,888,912]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="141 - 147" refId="ref107249" refString="Newstead, R. (1892) On new or little known Coccidae, chiefly English (No. 2). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 28, 141 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7647" type="journal article" year="1892">Newstead 1892: 147</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF43926907B942C369DDED3" ID-CoL="4NTB2" authority="(Kaltenbach)" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[566,940,888,912]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Pseudochermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraxini">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926907B942C362EDED3" box="[566,799,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Pseudochermes fraxini</emphasis>
(Kaltenbach)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF4392691FA942C31F1DED3" author="Nitsche, H." box="[951,1216,887,912]" page="1247" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF4392691FA942C31F1DED3" author="Nitsche, H." box="[951,1216,887,912]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref107412" refString="Nitsche, H. (1895) [The scale insects]. In: Lehrbuch der Mitteleuropaischen Forstinsektenkunde. Vol. 2. Holzel, Wien, pp. 737 - 1421. [in German]" type="book" year="1895">Nitsche 1895: 12471249</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF4392692DA94E930BCD963" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF4392692DA94E930BCD963" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF4392692DA94E93450DE9B" bold="true" box="[151,353,957,984]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Field characters:</emphasis>
Live adult female bright red or orange-red, body of mature female ovoid to more-or-less globular, about
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFF43926929094B63472DEBF" box="[221,323,994,1021]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
long. Ovisac oval and felt-like, about 1.0 mm long, cream coloured, covering entire body. Two or more mature females may occur together within a communal ovisac (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF4392691D293523169D963" author="Newstead, R." box="[927,1112,1030,1056]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref107384" refString="Newstead, R. (1903) Monograph of the Coccidae of the British Isles. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London, 270 pp." type="book" year="1903">Newstead, 1903</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF439269629935230B0D963" author="Kosztarab, M. P. &amp; Kozar, F." box="[1124,1409,1030,1056]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref104040" refString="Kosztarab, M. P. &amp; Kozar, F. (1988) Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 4045 - 1" type="book" year="1988">Kosztarab &amp; Kozár 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF43926928A937D373DDB5B" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF43926928A937D372DD9BB" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926928A937D34E6D900" bold="true" box="[199,471,1065,1091]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body oval, about
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFF439269190937E3170D907" box="[989,1089,1066,1093]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
long; anal lobes not developed but position of each lobe indicated by an apical seta. Antennae each with 6 segments. Legs small but well developed; each claw curved, with a denticle near apex. Hind coxa noticeably larger than anterior coxa, with a few large translucent pores. Stylet loop reaching to near apex of abdomen. Anal ring open anteriorly, forming a U-shaped sclerotized plate, with a few pores in a single row and 6 short setae. Suranal setae present just anterior to anal ring, each shorter than an anal ring seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF43926928A92573449D827" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926928A92573410D85F" box="[199,289,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Setae short, stiff, evenly scattered, forming transverse rows across abdominal tergites; Quinquelocular disc-pores forming transverse rows. Large macrotubular ducts fairly numerous, evenly distributed. Microtubular ducts present, short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF43926928A923B373DDB5B" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926928A923B3422D8CB" box="[199,275,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Venter.</emphasis>
Setae short and flagellate, few. Small frontal tubercles (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF4392691CE923A36D5D8CB" box="[899,996,1390,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,183,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-22@106.[151,1436,181,1900]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 46. Adult female of Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach), reproduced from Williams (1985), page 387, fig. 17, with permission from the author and © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. F, Small frontal tubercle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385552/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 46F</figureCitation>
) present just anterior to antennal bases. Quinquelocular pores scattered, forming transverse rows across abdomen. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes, larger ducts same as those on dorsum, present around margins only except on thorax near spiracles; small ducts each with sclerotised cup and filiform tube, sparse, present on abdominal segments only. Microtubular ducts same as on dorsum, few, present on margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF43926928A91753196DB23" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF43926928A91753196DB23" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926928A91753452DB78" bold="true" box="[199,355,1569,1595]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF43926932091763740DB7F" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[365,625,1570,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Pseudochermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraxini">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926932091763740DB7F" box="[365,625,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Pseudochermes fraxini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confined to the Palaearctic region, and is known from 32 countries (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF4392692D2911234E0DB23" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[159,465,1606,1632]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF439269318911334B7DB23" box="[341,390,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF43926904C91123700DB23" box="[513,561,1606,1632]" name="Iran" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFF43926912D91123126DB23" box="[864,1047,1606,1632]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Tehran province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF439269668911231ABDB23" author="Hoy, J. M." box="[1061,1178,1606,1632]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref103051" refString="Hoy, J. M. (1963) A catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the world. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, 150, 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="1963">Hoy 1963</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF43926928A913E300CDBEB" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF43926928A913E300CDBEB" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926928A913E346ADBC7" bold="true" box="[199,347,1642,1668]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale has been recorded on host-plants in five genera belonging to the families
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF439269762913E30A9DBC7" authorityName="von Hoffmannsegg &amp; Link" authorityYear="1809" box="[1327,1432,1642,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF4392692DA91DA3430DBEB" box="[151,257,1678,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF43926937A91DA3480DBEB" box="[311,433,1678,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
; in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF43926939491DA3738DBEB" box="[473,521,1678,1704]" name="Iran" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF4392690B391DB36FEDBEB" box="[766,975,1678,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF4392690B391DB36FEDBEB" box="[766,975,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fraxinus excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF43926919391DA3179DBEB" authorityName="von Hoffmannsegg &amp; Link" authorityYear="1809" box="[990,1096,1678,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF43926961391DA3000DBEB" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[1118,1329,1678,1704]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref105743" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2009) Insects of Iran: the list of Coccoidea in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (2). Hemiptera: Coccoidea. Publications, Plant Pests &amp; Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, No. 16, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moghaddam 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF43926928A91E537A8DBB3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF43926928A91E536AADB8F" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" box="[199,923,1713,1740]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926928A91E534E6DB88" bold="true" box="[199,471,1713,1739]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Economic importance:</emphasis>
It is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF43926912B91E636A6DB8F" box="[870,919,1714,1740]" name="Iran" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF43926928A918237A8DBB3" blockId="105.[151,1437,957,1776]" box="[199,665,1749,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF43926928A918234A5DBAC" bold="true" box="[199,404,1749,1776]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF439269029918237A4DBB3" box="[612,661,1750,1776]" name="Iran" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>