291 lines
35 KiB
XML
291 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="10130213EF675B32C4DA3A1662AFFC61" ID-CLB-Dataset="306474" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFDA390692DA901A34D4D8BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Parthenolecanium corni" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1734101643649" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="048198DA954CE424DCABEFF5AE2F6A81">
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<mods:title id="D0AD18FE7CC4A66F07DE86948FF2B234">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="80C029A7A4C6226E39D41ACC84DC1447" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3E3D576DA92414EA06535FB833FFBDA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EEC8E9EDCA74B82D92BFE1CD6D19B226">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E868DDC69D25A4101E8ED2311E103806">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2137189220E4A9758F2B782E7DA2D153">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1363CA36A722FB71FB59B5F0902B3BB1">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="317253FC08EBC544FD955312E97E5FAC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="415F9AAAA71CDC2F2E9C0967D1C30138">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B1904301677C8674472CAA78CE2ECEE" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="48A59868052611978812EB590336CBC2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="95DC119B22BF93125B03173A984140D4">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4158187E1501756521097380D6A41F2D">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="38D282888BB5CAE660757EEACB37C9BA">5542</mods:number>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFDA390692DA901A34D4D8BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFDA390692DA901A34D4D8BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFDA390692DA901A34D4D8BC" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDA390892DA901A3706DA2A" box="[151,567,1870,1897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDA390892DA901A3706DA2A" blockId="71.[151,654,1870,1933]" box="[151,567,1870,1897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFDA390892DA901A3706DA2A" bold="true" box="[151,567,1870,1897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDA390892DA901A3706DA2A" authority="(Bouche)" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[151,567,1870,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDA390892DA901A3706DA2A" bold="true" box="[151,567,1870,1897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDA390892DA901A348EDA2A" bold="true" box="[151,447,1870,1897]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
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(Bouché)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDA390892DA902737BFDACE" box="[151,654,1907,1933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDA390892DA902737BFDACE" blockId="71.[151,654,1870,1933]" box="[151,654,1907,1933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDA390892D2902735C3DACE" box="[159,242,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,309,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-79@72.[151,1436,309,1890]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 29. Adult female of Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché), reproduced from Gill (1988) page 66, fig. 22, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385496/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDA390892B390273451DACE" box="[254,352,1907,1933]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,234,1629,1653]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[189,1398,181,1606]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="PLATE 3. Coccidae continued: A, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); B, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); C, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); D, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); E-1 and E-2, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott); F, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385396/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Plate 3B</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFDA39089066902737B7DACE" box="[555,646,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="181.[151,250,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,186,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-17@181.[199,1389,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIGURE 91. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); B, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; C, Neoacanthococcus pamiricus (Bazarov); D, Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius; E, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer; F, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus); G, Ortheziola marottai Kaydan & Szita; H, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); I, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); J, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); K, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius); L, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385720/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 91J</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFDA390792DA90EC36B9DC5E" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFDA390892DA90EC3779DAAD" blockId="71.[151,1436,1975,2030]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFDA390892DA90EC3779DAAD" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDA390892DA90EC370FDA8C" author="Bouche, P. F." box="[151,574,1975,1999]" page="298" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1844">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDA390892DA90EC370FDA8C" authority="Bouche, 1844: 298" authorityName="Bouche" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,574,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="corni" subSpecies="corni">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDA390892DA90EC3442DA8C" box="[151,371,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Lecanium corni corni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDA3908933790E3370FDA8C" author="Bouche, P. F." box="[378,574,1975,1999]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="293 - 302" refId="ref98943" refString="Bouche, P. F. (1844) [Contributions to the natural history of the " Scharlachlause " (Coccina)]. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 5, 293 - 302. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1844">Bouché, 1844: 298</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDA3908900590E336CEDA8C" authority="(Nuzzaci)" baseAuthorityName="Nuzzaci" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[584,1023,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="corni" subSpecies="apuliae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDA3908900590E336A3DA8C" box="[584,914,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parthenolecanium corni apuliae</emphasis>
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(Nuzzaci)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDA3908964790EC31E6DA8C" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[1034,1239,1975,1999]" page="219" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDA3908964790EC31E6DA8C" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[1034,1239,1975,1999]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref98063" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov 1993: 219</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFDA390896AC90E33455DAAD" authority="(Bouche)" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFDA390896AC90E335CDDAAE" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
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(Bouché)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFDA3908932290823775DAAD" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[367,580,2006,2030]" page="9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFDA3908932290823775DAAD" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[367,580,2006,2030]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref105743" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2009) Insects of Iran: the list of Coccoidea in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (2). Hemiptera: Coccoidea. Publications, Plant Pests & Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, No. 16, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moghaddam 2009: 9</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD5390792DA97C236B9DC5E" blockId="72.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD5390792DA97C234A5DDF3" bold="true" box="[151,404,150,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Adult female extremely variable in shape and coloration, depending on the host-plant and age of the insect: on leaves, semitransparent yellow-green; on twigs, mottled yellow and brown. Old females heavily sclerotized, strongly convex. Young adult females before egg-laying, and second- or third-instar nymphs occurring on twigs, well camouflaged and very difficult to detect (
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD5390791469657364ADC5E" author="Gill, R. J." box="[779,891,259,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref101648" refString="Gill, R. J. (1988) The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, 132 pp." type="book" year="1988">Gill 1988</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="44CD6606FFD5390792DA902E3143DAF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385496/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[151,250,1914,1938]" targetBox="[151,1426,309,1890]" targetPageId="72" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD5390792DA902E3143DAF5" blockId="72.[151,1436,1914,1974]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD5390792DA902E342EDAD1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1914,1938]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
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Adult female of
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD539079384902E3614DAD1" authority="(Bouche)" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[457,805,1914,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD539079384902E378FDAD1" box="[457,702,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
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(Bouché)
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</taxonomicName>
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, reproduced from
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD539079190902E317CDAD1" author="Gill, R. J." box="[989,1101,1914,1938]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref101648" refString="Gill, R. J. (1988) The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, 132 pp." type="book" year="1988">Gill (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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page 66, fig. 22, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD43906928A97C2379BD935" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A97C2344BDD97" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A97C234E7DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,470,150,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body oval. Stigmatic clefts not developed. Anal cleft about 1/6
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<superScript id="E7C79BC6FFD4390692F697EE35F9DD8B" attach="left" box="[187,200,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">th</superScript>
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of body length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A978B3746DF54" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A978B3410DDBB" box="[199,289,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Derm membranous in young specimens, but becoming sclerotized at maturity; without clear areolations. Setae of 2 sizes: (i) large, stout, blunt and spinelike, present in a more-or-less double line medially anterior to anal plates, extending as far forward as mouthparts; and (ii) much smaller, blunt and spinelike, scattered throughout. Pores of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFD4390692B5961D3476DC27" box="[248,327,329,356]" count="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
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present throughout: (i) small, circular simple pores, and (ii) bilocular microducts, each with an inner filament. Preopercular pores relatively large and circular with granular centres, present just anterior to anal plates. Duct tubercles present, large and convex, number variable, 0‒18 around submargin. Pocket-like sclerotizations present. Tubular ducts of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFD4390693F996E134C8DC8C" box="[436,505,437,463]" count="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
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present, with outer ductule almost as long as narrow inner ductule, which ends in a small terminal gland; scattered throughout. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 3 small apical setae and 1 along inner margin. Anal ring with 8 setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A957434AFDFC2" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A9574342BDF7A" box="[199,282,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Margin</emphasis>
|
||
. Marginal setae each bluntly spinose, present in 2 rather uneven rows; each side with 11‒20 setae between stigmatic areas. Stigmatic setae in groups of
|
||
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFD4390690B595103615DF1E" box="[760,804,579,606]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
each stigmatic area on margin, median seta longest and usually slightly curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A95D8379BD935" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A95D8343EDFE6" box="[199,271,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Venter</emphasis>
|
||
. Derm completely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, abundant around anogenital fold, becoming progressively fewer anteriorly across preceding abdominal segments; a few also present mesad to each coxa and laterad to each metacoxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin, with 1 or 2 disc-pores present more medially. Microducts abundant in a submarginal band, much fewer medially, particularly on abdomen. Tubular ducts of
|
||
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFD439069601944E3191DE77" box="[1100,1184,794,820]" count="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
|
||
, all with inner ductule much narrower than outer ductule: (i) small duct with short outer ductule, very fine inner ductule and no terminal gland, present in small submarginal groups between antennal bases and on either side of anal cleft; (ii) slightly larger duct with a large terminal gland, sparsely present mediolaterally on head, thorax and abdomen; and (iii) fairly large duct with fairly wide outer ductule, moderately wide inner ductule and large terminal gland, present in broad submarginal band extending from just anterior to each antennal base to near anal cleft. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also with 2‒5 pairs of setae between antennal bases; other setae small and sparse. Legs well developed, each with separate tibia and tarsus but no articulatory sclerosis; claw long and narrow, with a minute denticle; claw digitules dissimilar, with 1 broader than other; tarsal digitules both fine and about as long as claw digitules. Antennae each with 7 segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD43906928A932B3110D9FE" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A932B3110D9FE" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A932B3452D9DA" bold="true" box="[199,355,1151,1177]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD439069320932B37B1D9DA" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[365,640,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD439069320932B37B1D9DA" box="[365,640,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a cosmopolitan species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD43906918D932B31CCD9DA" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[960,1277,1151,1178]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906963693D4319ED9DA" box="[1147,1199,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD43906977F93D43053D9D9" box="[1330,1378,1152,1178]" name="Iran" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is found in Azarbaijan -e Sharghi,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFD4390693B393F7370DD9FE" box="[510,572,1187,1213]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Gilan</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFD43906903F93F7378ED9FE" box="[626,703,1187,1213]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Tehran</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD43906910F93F73124D9FE" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[834,1045,1187,1213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD43906928A93933724D86B" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A93933724D86B" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A9393346AD9A2" bold="true" box="[199,347,1223,1249]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Host-plants:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is highly polyphagous, feeding on hosts belonging to over 50 plant families. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD439069725939330A9D9A2" box="[1384,1432,1223,1249]" name="Iran" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390693FC93BF37BED847" box="[433,655,1258,1285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Crataegus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="azarolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390693FC93BF37BED847" box="[433,655,1258,1285]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Crataegus azarolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390690EC93BE3620D847" box="[673,785,1258,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906916A93BF36CAD847" box="[807,1019,1258,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906916A93BF36CAD847" box="[807,1019,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fraxinus excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906964093BE3146D847" authorityName="von Hoffmannsegg & Link" authorityYear="1809" box="[1037,1143,1258,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390696F693BE30ADD847" box="[1211,1436,1258,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390696F693BE30ADD847" box="[1211,1436,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390692D2925A3411D86B" box="[159,288,1294,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD43906937B925A373BD86B" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[310,522,1294,1320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD43906928A926634D4D8BC" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A92663696D80F" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" box="[199,935,1330,1356]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A926634E6D80F" bold="true" box="[199,471,1330,1356]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
||
Not of any economic importance in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD43906913F92663692D80F" box="[882,931,1330,1356]" name="Iran" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD43906928A920234D4D8BC" blockId="73.[151,1437,150,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906928A920234A9D82C" bold="true" box="[199,408,1365,1392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD439069388920234C4D833" box="[453,501,1366,1392]" name="Iran" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the following parasitoid wasps (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906913592023125D833" box="[888,1044,1366,1392]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
) attack
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD439069638920231FED82C" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1141,1231,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD439069638920231FED82C" box="[1141,1231,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P. corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390696AF920235DAD8D0" authority="(Rossi)" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Encyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390696AF920230ADD82C" box="[1250,1436,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Encyrtus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
(Rossi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390692B5922D344ED8D0" box="[248,383,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390692B5922D344ED8D0" box="[248,383,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Metaphycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
near
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906938D922E3725D8D0" box="[448,532,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">eruptor</emphasis>
|
||
(Howard),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390690D4922E36DFD8D0" authority="Japoshvili" authorityName="Japoshvili" authorityYear="2015" box="[665,1006,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenolecanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390690D4922E3640D8D0" box="[665,881,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">M. parthenolecanii</emphasis>
|
||
Japoshvili
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390691B6922E31D8D8D0" authority="Compere" authorityName="Compere" authorityYear="1940" box="[1019,1257,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390691B6922E3148D8D0" box="[1019,1145,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">M. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
Compere
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906976F922E3464D8F4" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvius">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906976F922E35D2D8F4" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Microterys sylvius</emphasis>
|
||
(Dalman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906932E92C934D2D8F4" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[355,483,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906906992C93605D8F4" box="[548,820,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pachyneuron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906906992C93605D8F4" box="[548,820,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pachyneuron muscarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906913F92C9313BD8F4" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[882,1034,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD43906965292C93034D8F4" author="Jalilvand, K. & Shirazi, M. & Vahedi, H. V. & Fallahzadeh, M. & Naghadeh & Samih, M. A." box="[1055,1285,1437,1464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="299 - 308" refId="ref103215" refString="Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Vahedi, H. V., Fallahzadeh, M., Naghadeh & Samih, M. A. (2013) A preliminary study on natural enemies of Coccoidea (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) in Kermanshah Province, Western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 48 (2), 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1556 / APhyt. 48.2013.2.11" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Jalilvand
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390696C192CA318CD8F4" box="[1164,1213,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD43906975D92C935C9D89F" author="Japoshvili, G. & Jalilvand, K. & Vahedi, H. A. & Fallahzadeh, M." pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref103295" refString="Japoshvili, G., Jalilvand, K., Vahedi, H. A. & Fallahzadeh, M. (2015) Metaphycus parthenolecanii sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Parthenolecanium corni (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 2015, 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2015.1020610" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Japoshvili
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390697C592CA359CD898" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The predator
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD4390693EC929537B7D898" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[417,646,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Lophopidae" genus="Oenopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD4390693EC929537B7D898" box="[417,646,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Oenopia conglobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906908A92953679D898" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[711,840,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD43906911F929536DFD898" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[850,1006,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has been recorded attacking the scale in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD4390692F992B135D0D8BC" box="[180,225,1509,1535]" name="Iran" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD4390692BD92B134E8D8BC" author="Jalilvand, K. & Shirazi, M. & Vahedi, H. V. & Fallahzadeh, M. & Naghadeh & Samih, M. A." box="[240,473,1509,1535]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="299 - 308" refId="ref103215" refString="Jalilvand, K., Shirazi, M., Vahedi, H. V., Fallahzadeh, M., Naghadeh & Samih, M. A. (2013) A preliminary study on natural enemies of Coccoidea (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) in Kermanshah Province, Western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 48 (2), 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1556 / APhyt. 48.2013.2.11" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Jalilvand
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD43906931092B234BED8BC" box="[349,399,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |