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<document id="D7AFC40E4E428D1DBB451275EA800C86" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFCE391A92DA910F35D3DF5A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1733918473196" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C89455A293C12FB219CBFF518387586E">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BFD404F9D31A55B44E8ED0F9F53D10D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="97018760483B61780BBC953E7A347AC3">
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<mods:namePart id="3D2E883DF0737426546335C60CD82FC1">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FBF23206636AED25FFCE20F391D618E6">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC40A8D25496EB37F2293C61AE8E00A8">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC7F4C13D98F7E84E76B77A0C35DDB2D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6CBDACC514FC123570F40C5375F2FA73">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C577DB9FC502DF2A737F349A7528C663" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="30BCB54387190E8661D5D16E3AF0916D">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" blockId="83.[151,554,1627,1690]" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" bold="true" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" ID-CoL="4QHFV" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" bold="true" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA910F34B5DB35" bold="true" box="[151,388,1627,1654]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
Cockerell
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA912B371BDBDA" box="[151,554,1663,1690]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA912B371BDBDA" blockId="83.[151,554,1627,1690]" box="[151,554,1663,1690]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFCE391C92D2912B35C3DBD9" box="[159,242,1663,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1626,1650]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,280,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-75@84.[151,1436,272,1603]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 35. Adult female of Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell: tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385518/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFCE391C93F0912B3713DBDA" box="[445,546,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1381,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-17@183.[206,1381,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 93. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell; B, Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); C, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; E, Rhizococcus borchsenii Danzig; F, Rhizococcus istresianus (Goux); G, Rhizococcus reynei (Schmutterer); H, Rhizococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius); I, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); J, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); K, Saissetia coffeae (Walker); L, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell &amp; Parrott); M, Saissetia oleae (Olivier); N, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); O, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385725/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 93A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA91903038DA67" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA9190377EDB9F" blockId="83.[151,591,1732,1756]" box="[151,591,1732,1756]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFCE391C92DA9190377EDB9F" box="[151,591,1732,1756]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFCE391C92DA9190377ADB9F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[151,587,1732,1756]" page="160" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1893">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C92DA9190377ADB9F" ID-CoL="4QHFV" authority="Cockerell, 1893 b: 160" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,587,1732,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA91903451DB9F" box="[151,352,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C932B9190377ADB9F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[358,587,1732,1756]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="159 - 163" refId="ref99452" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1893 b) Two new species of Pulvinaria from Jamaica. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1893, 159 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1893. tb 02062. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Cockerell, 1893b: 160</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA905D3038DA67" blockId="83.[151,1437,1801,2039]" box="[151,1289,1801,1828]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA905D34A3DA60" bold="true" box="[151,402,1801,1827]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Adult female elongate oval, yellow to yellowish green. Mature female convex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391A928A907830BEDDBA" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A9078348FDA29" blockId="83.[151,1437,1801,2039]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A907834E6DA05" bold="true" box="[199,471,1836,1862]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body oval to broadly oval. Stigmatic clefts rather shallow. Anal cleft relatively short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A90203009DAB4" blockId="83.[151,1437,1801,2039]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A90203410DACE" box="[199,289,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Setae relatively long and spiniform, scattered throughout. Pores absent. Preopercular pores oval to circular, in group of 4−12 present anterior to anal plates. Submarginal duct tubercles usually absent but occasionally present in small numbers (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C910590ED3146DA90" author="Williams, D. J. &amp; Watson, G. W." box="[840,1143,1977,2004]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref110856" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Watson, G. W. (1990) The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Part. 3: The Soft Scales (Coccidae) and Other Families. CAB International, Wallingford, 267 pp." type="book" year="1990">Williams &amp; Watson 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Tubular ducts scattered throughout. Anal plates together quadrate, each with 3 or 4 apical setae. Anal ring usually bearing 8 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC9391B928A97C331CCDDBB" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,248]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B928A97C3342BDDF3" box="[199,282,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae slender, with parallel sides or curved, some bluntly pointed, some with fimbriate or bifid tips; with about 9 setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side. Stigmatic clefts rather shallow, each containing 3 setae, with median seta about 2 or 3 times longer than lateral setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FFC9391B92DA910E3743DBD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385518/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[151,250,1626,1650]" targetBox="[159,1431,280,1598]" targetPageId="84" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC9391B92DA910E3743DBD4" blockId="84.[151,1436,1626,1687]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B92DA910E3411DB30" bold="true" box="[151,288,1626,1651]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC9391B9383910F3634DB30" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[462,773,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B9383910F37A6DB30" box="[462,663,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
: tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC9391A928A918B30BEDDBA" blockId="84.[151,1437,1758,2037]" lastBlockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B928A918B343EDBBB" box="[199,271,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Venter</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="A0DA3CD3FFC9391A9352918B30BDDDBA" collectionCode="II, III" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi, present around anogenital fold, and on preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each metacoxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in single to triple rows between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present in a submarginal band and scattered throughout. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFC9391B91C8901E36EBDA26" box="[901,986,1866,1893]" count="3" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
: (i) a short duct, with short filamentous inner ductule and minute terminal gland, present in a broad submarginal band extending from anal cleft to posterior spiracular disc-pore band and with a few ducts also present on marginal area of head and between spiracular disc-pore band; (ii) a large duct, with fairly long and slender inner ductule and a well-developed terminal gland, present in submarginal areas; and (iii) a duct with a shallow cup-shaped invagination, very long slender inner ductule and a well-developed terminal gland, present medially on posterior abdominal segments. Legs well developed, each with freely articulated tibia and tarsus and with articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules broad and shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Antennae each with 8 segments, with segments
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFC8391A9603978B3150DDBA" box="[1102,1121,223,249]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFC8391A96DA978B3182DDBA" box="[1175,1203,223,249]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">III</collectionCode>
subequal in length
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A928A965637A8DC92" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A96563715DC02" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A96563452DC5F" bold="true" box="[199,355,258,284]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A93269657377BDC5E" box="[363,586,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A93269657377BDC5E" box="[363,586,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan species (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A91CF96573188DC5E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[898,1209,259,285]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A96769657315CDC5E" box="[1083,1133,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A96A19657302DDC5E" box="[1260,1308,259,285]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in Sistan &amp; Balouchestan province.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A961F3111DCCA" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A961F346ADC26" bold="true" box="[199,347,331,357]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species is polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 45 families (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A971D961F3447DCCA" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A92B7963B341ADCCA" box="[250,299,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A93EA963B34E6DCCA" box="[423,471,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A9081963B36B9DCCB" box="[716,904,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A9081963B36B9DCCB" box="[716,904,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A91DA963B3125DCCA" box="[919,1044,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A96C631B4DCEE" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" box="[199,1157,402,429]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A96C634E6DCEF" bold="true" box="[199,471,402,428]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Economic importance:</emphasis>
No damage caused by this species has been recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A961D96C731B0DCEE" box="[1104,1153,403,429]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A96E337A8DC92" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" box="[199,665,438,465]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A96E334A5DC93" bold="true" box="[199,404,438,465]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A902996E337A4DC92" box="[612,661,439,465]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A928A968E35D3DF5A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A968E35D3DF5A" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A968E3463DCB7" bold="true" box="[199,338,474,500]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Comments:</emphasis>
This is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A90C7968F3639DCB6" box="[650,776,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A90C7968F3639DCB6" box="[650,776,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. urbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A911F968F36B2DCB6" box="[850,899,475,501]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
. Please see the comments under
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A974E968F30ADDCB6" box="[1283,1436,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A974E968F30ADDCB6" box="[1283,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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