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<document id="74A11B6A617D52DF07598AD2CDA43775" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFB0396092DA91FA3788DFEA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ceroplastes rubens Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian 2021" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1733918473196" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D75DA8C477BCB052964A691F8FF103EB">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B61B1F5F5D5604369C4F4C53E73E4E85">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9A2FA2B079F3C640129D0C3C947F4AB6">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C680A651E79A8EF7F77ED6043B7A4992">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="901CCC684BCD2D18C4C1CFEE7299CDE3" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BD55431714C7EBD1FF7B7BBC58365206">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1B0D9B6B681E9EC62AFECA16B456F4C" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3CCC793F6F56A29D5070451AF5C5A0EE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BFD5056F3FDBB5EBD3E547298C58A352">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFB0396092DA91FA3788DFEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385486" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFB0396092DA91FA3788DFEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFB0396092DA91FA3788DFEA" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" blockId="45.[151,661,1710,1773]" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" bold="true" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" ID-CoL="T452" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" bold="true" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA91FA344FDB8A" bold="true" box="[151,382,1710,1737]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
Maskell
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB0396292DA918637A4DBAE" box="[151,661,1746,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA918637A4DBAE" blockId="45.[151,661,1710,1773]" box="[151,661,1746,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB0396292D2918635C3DBAE" box="[159,242,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,565,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-176@46.[151,1436,560,1947]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 15. Adult female of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, reproduced from Moghaddam &amp; Nematian (2021) page 179, fig. 2, with kind permission from the Editor of Journal of Entomological Society of Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385446/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB0396292B391863450DBAE" box="[254,353,1746,1773]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,234,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="PLATE 2. Coccidae continued: A, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; B, Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus); C-1 and C-2, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); D, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya); E, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam &amp; Faghih; F, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385392/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Plate 2A</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB039629061918637BCDBAE" box="[556,653,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385711/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 89F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB0396292DA90433438DAA7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA9043371DDA6C" blockId="45.[151,556,1815,1839]" box="[151,556,1815,1839]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFB0396292DA9043371DDA6C" box="[151,556,1815,1839]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB0396292DA90433719DA6C" author="Maskell, W. M." box="[151,552,1815,1839]" page="214" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1893">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB0396292DA90433719DA6C" ID-CoL="T452" authority="Maskell, 1893: 214" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,552,1815,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA9043346ADA6C" box="[151,347,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB03962932C90433719DA6C" author="Maskell, W. M." box="[353,552,1815,1839]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="201 - 252" refId="ref105217" refString="Maskell, W. M. (1893) Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new species from Australia, India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara, and South Pacific. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 25 (1892), 201 - 252." type="journal article" year="1893">Maskell, 1893: 214</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA90093438DAA7" blockId="45.[151,1436,1885,2020]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA900934A2DA34" bold="true" box="[151,403,1885,1911]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female body convex, up to
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFB03962910690093693DA3B" box="[843,930,1885,1912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
long, covered with thick pinkish brown wax not divided into plates; dorsum with short, raised, narrow whiteish ridge leading to each stigmatic cleft. In dorsal view, the waxy test appears sub-rectangular or oval. The pink eggs are laid under the female body, protected by the waxy test.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB33960928A97C23180DCCA" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB33961928A97C23432DD97" blockId="46.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961928A97C234E6DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,471,150,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval and convex. Stigmatic clefts quite wide and deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB33961928A978B3717DCCA" blockId="46.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961928A978B3410DDBB" box="[199,289,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm membranous on young females, but with a rather flat, heavily sclerotized caudal process; with 1 cephalic, 1 mediodorsal, and 6 lateral clear areas devoid of pores and setae. Setae short, cylindrical, and with truncate apex. Pores of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFB3396193EA967234CCDC02" box="[423,509,294,321]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: bilocular, and irregularly oval trilocular. Tubular ducts present throughout. Duct tubercles absent. Preopercular pores present in a group of about 9−15 pores. Anal plates each with 3 long flagellate dorsal setae. Anal ring with 8 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB33961928A96C7374EDF5A" blockId="46.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961928A96C7342BDCEF" box="[199,282,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae slightly longer than dorsal setae, except each anal lobe with 3−5 longer, sharply pointed setae. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with about 15–18 stigmatic setae along margin of each stigmatic cleft, each seta bollard-like, plus, more dorsally, 2 significantly larger bollard-like setae and with a much larger, bluntly pointed, spinose seta at apex of each group.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FFB3396192DA90E736E6DAAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385446/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1971,1995]" targetBox="[163,1427,565,1940]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB3396192DA90E736E6DAAC" blockId="46.[151,1437,1971,2031]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB3396192DA90E73411DA88" bold="true" box="[151,288,1971,1995]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB33961938190E737DBDA88" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityYear="2021" box="[460,746,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961938190E737BEDA88" box="[460,655,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
, reproduced from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB3396191E990E731C0DA88" author="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R." box="[932,1265,1971,1995]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="175 - 181" refId="ref106200" refString="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R. (2021) New record of a scale insect pest from the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae) on Aglaonema commutatum (Araceae) from Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 41 (2), 175 - 181." type="journal article" year="2021">Moghaddam &amp; Nematian (2021)</bibRefCitation>
page 179, fig. 2, with kind permission from the Editor of
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961907C908336E3DAAC" box="[561,978,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Journal of Entomological Society of Iran</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A97C33180DCCA" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A97C3343EDDF3" box="[199,271,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores each with 10 loculi, restricted to around anogenital fold (segment VII). Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in broad bands between margin and each spiracle, and with a few extending medially past spiracular apodeme towards prothoracic coxa. Cruciform pores present at margins. Tubular ducts absent. Minute setae present; interantennal setae numbering at most 3 pairs; setae on pregenital segments small. Antennae quite short, each with 6 segments. Legs much reduced in size, with trochanter and femur occasionally appearing fused, lacking tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; tibia and tarsus fused; claw digitules dissimilar, 1 slightly thicker and longer than other; tarsal digitules both narrow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB23960928A96C63788DFEA" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A96C63746DC92" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A96C63452DCEF" bold="true" box="[199,355,402,428]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960932196C73776DCEE" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityYear="2021" box="[364,583,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960932196C73776DCEE" box="[364,583,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan species of African origin; in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB23960963C96C73190DCEE" box="[1137,1185,403,429]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFB23960970296C735C8DC92" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tehran province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB23960934596E3375ADC92" author="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R." box="[264,619,439,465]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="175 - 181" refId="ref106200" refString="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R. (2021) New record of a scale insect pest from the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae) on Aglaonema commutatum (Araceae) from Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 41 (2), 175 - 181." type="journal article" year="2021">Moghaddam &amp; Nematian 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A968F34D2DF7E" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A968F346ADCB6" bold="true" box="[199,347,475,501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale highly polyphagous, usually feeding on woody hosts and some
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396096AC968F3056DCB6" box="[1249,1383,475,501]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cycadaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396092DA96AB342DDF5A" box="[151,284,511,537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pteridaceae</taxonomicName>
; in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB23960930B96AB3447DF5A" box="[326,374,511,537]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396090DF96AB369ADF5B" box="[658,939,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Aglaonema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="commutatum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB2396090DF96AB369ADF5B" box="[658,939,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Aglaonema commutatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396091F796AB3128DF5A" box="[954,1049,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB23960967C96AB30A5DF5A" author="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R." box="[1073,1428,511,537]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="175 - 181" refId="ref106200" refString="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R. (2021) New record of a scale insect pest from the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae) on Aglaonema commutatum (Araceae) from Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 41 (2), 175 - 181." type="journal article" year="2021">Moghaddam &amp; Nematian 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960928A95773465DF7F" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[199,340,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A95773465DF7F" box="[199,340,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ficus carica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960932F957734E6DF7E" box="[354,471,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A9512303BDFC6" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A951234E9DF23" bold="true" box="[199,472,582,608]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Economic importance:</emphasis>
It is highly likely that this species was introduced to
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB23960967B95133152DF22" box="[1078,1123,583,609]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
on plants that had not been properly inspected. At present, there are some reports of it causing serious damage to fig trees in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB239609698953F3037DFC6" box="[1237,1286,619,645]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A95DB3788DFEA" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,697,654,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A95DB34A5DFEB" bold="true" box="[199,404,654,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB2396090C895DB3787DFEA" box="[645,694,655,681]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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