220 lines
26 KiB
XML
220 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="890A1C94AE2516EF6CF1E1D92BDA7FD1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFAC397E92DA963A304FDBFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1733918473196" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A5C6E9889E4436933BD63A58289EC23A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB084D8465F66BA3E486FF28F5C2AA2A">
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<mods:title id="8251C42868C896F0A6FE8BCBBB8EECDB">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="CBB85F78CE07BEB8950114BD34A91304" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="279B37EB6309215E513D15E32C832992">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CF9C7CF561B63308AB45546772F065EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C5E3938F556FD1A2A402D9C9E4780E78">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="14CF02B1DD6F36EC8D58842DC04DB817">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F46F47DCF930B488C707861C05F471B3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C4E8BBF9269A7B0493875DD2624B9D81">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B17887B30B59410165598AF0D42CC90D">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="921A2A296DF3665F0633C9B36EA4E990" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="36454086C600C32E0CB70DFD4E0184B5">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4F3565EFE7EFD66944C78577D5DE9297" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F6C469311DC6CB88C3447FD15897AED0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="265BE0FC907BA79F9DA492A54A1330FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8D0E733E84356C1B3C3E2DE598EAC84A">
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<mods:date id="141AD41EBCBBB0E97B38A77171D9C901">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8ACE7A8B8CEF299A9076BEA9E7A9765E">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B868D46F2F1DBA55795695C7D89F4270" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="09E4309621EDFB7294718535CE19EA2E">5542</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="67BF88CF7A8757B8236275932EC34FEB">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="86A2B8EF08E310BBC10A27A04E5ABA42">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="164460163FDBAF6F5325A58270F849CD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="35FF9B7D874B8E3F3A2BA5AFDA43FA0C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFAC397E92DA963A304FDBFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFAC397E92DA963A304FDBFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFAC397E92DA963A304FDBFB" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" box="[151,552,366,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" blockId="49.[151,554,366,429]" box="[151,552,366,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" bold="true" box="[151,552,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" ID-CoL="69N8C" authority="Del Guercio" authorityName="Del Guercio" box="[151,552,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" bold="true" box="[151,552,366,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA963A34BADCCB" bold="true" box="[151,395,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
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Del Guercio
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E92DA96C6371BDCEF" box="[151,554,402,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA96C6371BDCEF" blockId="49.[151,554,366,429]" box="[151,554,402,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAC397E92D296C635C3DCEF" box="[159,242,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,191,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-22@50.[151,1436,181,1861]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 17. Adult female of Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385458/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAC397E93F096C63713DCEF" box="[445,546,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385711/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 89H</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E92DA968336C7DFE0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA96833779DCAC" blockId="49.[151,584,471,495]" box="[151,584,471,495]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFAC397E92DA96833779DCAC" box="[151,584,471,495]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFAC397E92DA96833775DCAC" author="Del Guercio, G." box="[151,580,471,495]" page="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1900">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92DA96833775DCAC" ID-CoL="69N8C" authority="Del Guercio, 1900: 3" authorityName="Del Guercio" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,580,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA96833457DCAD" box="[151,358,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E932196833775DCAC" author="Del Guercio, G." box="[364,580,471,495]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="3 - 26" refId="ref100707" refString="Del Guercio, G. (1900) [Observations on a new scale insect harmful to citrus fruits in Italy and on the way to immunize the woody part of the plants against the bite of scale insects in general and to destroy them]. Nuove Relazione della R. Stazione di Entomologia Agraria Firenze, 3, 3 - 26. [in Italian]" type="journal article" year="1900">Del Guercio, 1900: 3</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA954936C7DFE0" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA954934A3DF74" bold="true" box="[151,402,541,567]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Live adult female body almost circular with an irregular margin, convex, covered with thick wax. Wax of young females white, divided into 8 plates, 5 near margins with a blurred brownish patch at the centre of each; in ventral view, with narrow white strip of secretion between each spiracle and margin. Old females with reddish brown wax, with plate divisions and darker brown patches indistinct.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E928A95F935C9D830" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A95F934AEDFA8" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A95F934E9DF84" bold="true" box="[199,472,685,711]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body oval, convex, with shallow stigmatic clefts. Caudal process short and stout.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A95A234FBDE80" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A95A23410DE4C" box="[199,289,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Derm membranous in young females, except for sclerotized caudal process. Derm with 8 clear areas. Setae each cylindrical with a rounded or pointed apex. Pores mostly trilocular, of 3 main
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<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFAC397E96C2944D31FFDE70" box="[1167,1230,793,819]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">types</typeStatus>
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: (i) oval trilocular pores, (ii) triangular trilocular pores, and (iii) bilocular pores; a few 4-locular pores also present, particularly at anterior end. Preopercular pores present in a transverse band, numbering about 8–20 pores. Tubular ducts and duct tubercles absent. Anal plates each with 3 large dorsal setae on posterior quarter of each plate, plus a smaller apical seta (not shown in
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAC397E932694FD348CDE80" box="[363,445,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,191,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-22@50.[151,1436,181,1861]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 17. Adult female of Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385458/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A949A3419D910" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A949A342BDEA4" box="[199,282,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Margin</emphasis>
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. Marginal setae flagellate; with 2−4 marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side; anal lobe with 3 or 4 marginal setae; submarginal setae more frequent than marginal setae. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 18−54 hemispherical, bullet-shaped or lanceolate spiracular setae in 3 or 4 irregular rows in each cleft.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A930A35C9D830" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A930A343ED934" box="[199,271,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Venter</emphasis>
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. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores restricted to around anogenital fold and across 2 preceding abdominal segments; much less frequent medially and occasionally present mediolaterally on segment V; generally absent from segment IV and more anteriorly. Spiracular disc-pore bands at narrowest point each only 3 or 4 pores wide, but about 5 or 6 pores wide near margin. Cruciform pores scattered (not illustrated). Simple microducts (filamentous ducts) present around margins, not always visible. Ventral tubular ducts present in groups on head and around anogenital fold. Antennae each usually with 7 segments (but
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<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFAC397E91DA924536F3D868" box="[919,962,1297,1323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
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Iranian specimens). Legs well-developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw digitules both broad; each claw with an almost imperceptible denticle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E928A9229304FDBFB" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A922936BCD8F8" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A92293452D8D4" bold="true" box="[199,355,1405,1431]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E93249229377FD8D4" box="[361,590,1405,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E93249229377FD8D4" box="[361,590,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a widespread species in warm temperate to subtropical countries; in
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<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E9725922930A9D8D4" box="[1384,1432,1405,1431]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
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, it is found in
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<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAC397E936092F5345AD8F8" box="[301,363,1441,1467]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gilan</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAC397E93EC92F5371AD8F8" box="[417,555,1441,1467]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
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provinces (
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E90E392F536B0D8F8" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[686,897,1441,1467]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref105893" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) (Identification, Biology, Natural Enemies and Distribution). Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 175 pp." type="book" year="2017">Moghaddam 2017</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A929137E9DB64" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A9291346AD89C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1477,1503]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Host-plants:</emphasis>
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The scale is polyphagous, mostly on woody broad-leafed hosts. In
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<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E9622929131AED89C" box="[1135,1183,1477,1503]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
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, it has been found on
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92DA92BE3468DB40" box="[151,345,1514,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Punica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granatum">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA92BE3468DB40" box="[151,345,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Punica granatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E932B92BD34D6DB40" box="[358,487,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E93B592BE3764DB40" box="[504,597,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E93B592BE3701DB40" box="[504,560,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rosa</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E902F92BD37FEDB40" box="[610,719,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E90AE92BD3685DB40" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[739,948,1513,1539]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref105893" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) (Identification, Biology, Natural Enemies and Distribution). Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 175 pp." type="book" year="2017">Moghaddam 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E918B92BD3164DB40" box="[966,1109,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Hedera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E918B92BD3164DB40" box="[966,1109,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hedera helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E962F92BD31ECDB40" box="[1122,1245,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E96BF92BD34A3DB6B" author="Feli Kohikheili, Z. & Damavandian, M. R." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref101152" refString="Feli Kohikheili, Z. & Damavandian, M. R. (2015) First record of two parasitoid wasps (Hym.: Mymaridae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 83 (1), 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="2015">Feli Kohikheili & Damavandian 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E939891593760DB64" box="[469,593,1549,1575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E93989159372ADB64" box="[469,539,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9012915937FDDB64" box="[607,716,1549,1575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A91653008DB08" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" box="[199,1337,1585,1611]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A916534E6DB08" bold="true" box="[199,471,1585,1611]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is a serious pest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9170916536B2DB08" box="[829,899,1585,1611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E9170916536B2DB08" box="[829,899,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees in the northern provinces of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E974991653004DB08" box="[1284,1333,1585,1611]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A9101304FDBFB" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A910134A7DB2C" bold="true" box="[199,406,1621,1647]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
||
The following parasitoid wasps (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E915591013685DB2C" box="[792,948,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have been observed attacking
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E976D910130ACDB2C" box="[1312,1437,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E976D910130ACDB2C" box="[1312,1437,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E92F7912D35DADBD0" box="[186,235,1657,1683]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92B0912D3777DBD0" authority="(Mercet)" baseAuthorityName="Mercet" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[253,582,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Aphytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92B0912D34E7DBD0" box="[253,470,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Aphytis hispanicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Mercet)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E90C4912D36CEDBD0" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[649,1023,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycimnia">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E90C4912D36BEDBD0" box="[649,911,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Coccophagus lycimnia</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9658912D3194DBD0" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[1045,1189,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E96F3912E340ADBF4" authority="(Motschulsky)" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nietneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E96F3912E30ADDBD0" box="[1214,1436,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Microterys nietneri</emphasis>
|
||
(Motschulsky)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E930491C934F9DBF4" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[329,456,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E904691C9362BDBF4" authority="Soyka" authorityName="Soyka" authorityYear="1950" box="[523,794,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="priesneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E904691C937FDDBF4" box="[523,716,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Alaptus priesneri</emphasis>
|
||
Soyka
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E916591C9369CDBF4" box="[808,941,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E918E91C93043DBFB" author="Feli Kohikheili, Z. & Damavandian, M. R." box="[963,1394,1693,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref101152" refString="Feli Kohikheili, Z. & Damavandian, M. R. (2015) First record of two parasitoid wasps (Hym.: Mymaridae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 83 (1), 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="2015">Feli Kohikheili & Damavandian 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |