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<document id="EA87216D4CE5B0C9AA81177246999DB8" ID-CLB-Dataset="306474" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF0A39D592DA926135D1DCB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1734101643649" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B59D44928842CE40EEC4DAA19D82AF75">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="73D1940AE54DE35B078E7877C4A4BFBC">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D892DA92613724D813" box="[151,533,1333,1360]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA92613724D813" blockId="151.[151,553,1333,1396]" box="[151,533,1333,1360]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF0A39D892DA92613724D813" bold="true" box="[151,533,1333,1360]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D892DA92613724D813" ID-CoL="4LZ9M" authority="Brandt" authorityName="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,533,1333,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamelii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA92613724D813" bold="true" box="[151,533,1333,1360]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA92613482D813" bold="true" box="[151,435,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora hamelii</emphasis>
Brandt
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D892DA920E3718D837" box="[151,553,1370,1396]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA920E3718D837" blockId="151.[151,553,1333,1396]" box="[151,553,1370,1396]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0A39D892D2920E35C3D837" box="[159,242,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="153.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,190,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-17@153.[151,1436,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="153" captionText="FIGURE 73. Adult female of Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 58, fig. 13." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385649/files/figure.png" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0A39D893F0920E3710D837" box="[445,545,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385723/files/figure.png" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 92C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D892DA92CA34FED896" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA92CA34FED896" blockId="151.[151,1437,1438,1493]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF0A39D892DA92CA34FED896" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D892DA92CA34E4D8F5" ID-CoL="4LZ9M" authority="Brandt" authorityName="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,469,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamelii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA92CA34B9D8F5" box="[151,392,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora hamelii</emphasis>
Brandt
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8939392CB34C3D8F5" box="[478,498,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0A39D893B792CA3675D8F5" author="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[506,836,1438,1462]" page="356" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1833">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D893B792CA3675D8F5" author="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[506,836,1438,1462]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref99158" refString="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1833) [Medical zoology or faithful representation and description of animals, ... published in a systematic sequence. Vol. 2]. Gedruckt bei Trowitzsch und Sohn, Berlin, IV + 364 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1833">Brandt &amp; Ratzeburg, 1833: 356</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0A39D8911D92CA3077D8F5" author="Burmeister, H." box="[848,1350,1438,1462]" page="78" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1835">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D8911D92CA3077D8F5" ID-CoL="4LZ8R" authority="Burmeister, 1835: 78" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1835" box="[848,1350,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniaca">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8911D92CA3150D8F5" box="[848,1121,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora armeniaca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D8962492CA3077D8F5" author="Burmeister, H." box="[1129,1350,1438,1462]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref99280" refString="Burmeister, H. (1835) [Scarlet lice. Scale insects. Coccina. (Gallinsecta 1)]. Handbuch der Entomologie. T. F. Inslin, Berlin. [unknown pagination, in German]" type="book" year="1835">Burmeister, 1835: 78</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0A39D8971F92CB34FAD896" author="Meyer, E. H. F." page="336" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1854">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D8971F92CB34FAD896" authority="Meyer, 1854: 336" authorityName="Meyer" authorityPageNumber="336" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8971F92CB343CD896" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Coccus radicis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D8935992E934FAD896" author="Meyer, E. H. F." box="[276,459,1469,1493]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref105372" refString="Meyer, E. H. F. (1854) [History of Botany. Vol. III]. Velag der Gebruder Borntrager, Konigsberg, xvi + 554 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1854">Meyer, 1854: 336</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D892DA91573157DB5E" box="[151,1126,1539,1566]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA91573157DB5E" blockId="151.[151,1437,1539,1998]" box="[151,1126,1539,1566]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA915734A3DB5E" bold="true" box="[151,402,1539,1565]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female very hairy (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D890AA915736BCDB5D" author="Jakubski, A. W." box="[743,909,1539,1566]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref103176" refString="Jakubski, A. W. (1965) A critical revision of the families Margarodidae and Termitococcidae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 187 pp." type="book" year="1965">Jakubski 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Colour not noted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D8928A91733408DA8D" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D8928A91733408DA8D" blockId="151.[151,1437,1539,1998]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8928A917334E6DB02" bold="true" box="[199,471,1575,1601]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval; dorsum and venter of body densely covered by long hair-like setae and small setae. Antennae each with 10 segments, with apical segment much wider than long; sensillum placodeum on segment IV usually present, elongate oval, containing probably 46 sensilla plus a short fleshy seta; other intermediate segments naked; apical segment enlarged, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla. Prothoracic legs each with tarsus fused with claw; enlarged claw at least 2.0x longer than basal width, without a denticle. Thoracic spiracles slightly larger than those on most other
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D896DD918F30A9DBB6" box="[1168,1432,1755,1781]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D896DD918F300CDBB6" box="[1168,1341,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, each with an apodeme; each peritreme with about 512 spiracular disc-pores and a group of 212 perispiracular sensilla on lateral margin. Abdominal spiracles absent. Anterior multilocular disc-pores each with 1 ring of loculi, each ring mostly with 1014 loculi; mainly present in transverse segmental bands 35 pores wide; some (but not all) posterior multilocular disc-pores tending to be slightly larger, these almost always with 2 rings of loculi. Anal opening with a thin, semicircular, poorly sclerotized rim on dorsal margin, surrounded by an area of derm without setae or pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FF0539D792DA907D35C8DA26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385647" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385647/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" startId="152.[151,250,1833,1857]" targetBox="[162,1426,187,1798]" targetPageId="152" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0539D792DA907D35C8DA26" blockId="152.[151,1436,1833,1893]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0539D792DA907D3413DA02" bold="true" box="[151,290,1833,1857]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 72.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0539D79398907D3697DA02" authority="(Archangelskaya)" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[469,934,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynodontis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0539D79398907D37D6DA02" box="[469,743,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Porphyrophora cynodontis</emphasis>
(Archangelskaya)
</taxonomicName>
, modified from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0539D79600907D3051DA02" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[1101,1376,1833,1857]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, page 44, fig. 8.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="44CD6606FF0439D692DA9036305BDA39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385649" box="[151,1386,1890,1914]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385649/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" startId="153.[151,250,1890,1914]" targetBox="[163,1427,190,1863]" targetPageId="153" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0439D692DA9036305BDA39" blockId="153.[151,1386,1890,1914]" box="[151,1386,1890,1914]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0439D692DA90363411DA39" bold="true" box="[151,288,1890,1914]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">FIGURE 73.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0439D693809036363BDA39" authority="Brandt" authorityName="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[461,778,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamelii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0439D693809036378DDA39" box="[461,700,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Porphyrophora hamelii</emphasis>
Brandt
</taxonomicName>
, modified from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0439D691E09036318ADA39" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[941,1211,1890,1914]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, page 58, fig. 13.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D5928A97C235D1DDBA" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D5928A97C235D1DDBA" blockId="154.[151,1436,150,501]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A97C23452DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,355,150,176]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D5932097C33748DDF2" authorityName="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[365,633,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamelii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5932097C33748DDF2" box="[365,633,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora hamelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D5917597C336ACDDF2" box="[824,925,151,177]" name="Armenia" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Armenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D591E697C33135DDF2" box="[939,1028,151,177]" name="Turkey" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D5965B97C3315BDDF2" box="[1046,1130,151,177]" name="Turkey" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Turkey</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D596E297C331EDDDF2" box="[1199,1244,151,177]" name="Iran" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D596A397C330A6DDF2" author="Kaussari, M." box="[1262,1431,150,177]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref103611" refString="Kaussari, M. (1957) La deuxieme liste des cochenilles de l'Iran. Ministere de l'Agriculture, Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, Publication du Departement General de la Protection Plantes. Tehran, 16 - 17, 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1957">Kaussari 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D592DA97EF34EBDD96" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[151,474,187,213]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5931897EF34BADD96" box="[341,395,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), where it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0739D5913397EF36E5DD96" box="[894,980,187,213]" country="Iran" name="Ardabil" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Ardabil</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0739D5965997EF314EDD96" box="[1044,1151,187,213]" country="Iran" name="Hamadan" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Hamadan</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D5974697EF35E2DDBA" author="Farahbakhsh, Gh." pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refId="ref101114" refString="Farahbakhsh, Gh. (1961) A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, 151 pp." type="book" year="1961">Farahbakhsh 1961</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D5928A965731FCDC02" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D5928A965731FCDC02" blockId="154.[151,1436,150,501]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A9657346ADC5E" bold="true" box="[199,347,259,285]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded on grasses belonging to the genera
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D59661965730ADDC5E" box="[1068,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D5966196573190DC5E" box="[1068,1185,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aeluropus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aeluropus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D596E796573023DC5E" box="[1194,1298,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cynodon</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D59756965730ADDC5E" box="[1307,1436,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phragmites</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D5928A967335C5DC03" box="[199,244,295,320]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A967335C5DC03" box="[199,244,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Poa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D5931996733483DC02" box="[340,434,295,321]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D59385967337CBDC02" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[456,762,295,321]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D590339673379EDC02" box="[638,687,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D591679673366BDC02" box="[810,858,295,321]" name="Iran" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Iran</collectingCountry>
, the host-plant was not recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D5928A961E37A8DCCA" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D5928A961E31A3DC26" blockId="154.[151,1436,150,501]" box="[199,1170,330,357]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A961E34E6DC27" bold="true" box="[199,471,330,356]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D59393961F37D7DC26" authorityName="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[478,742,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamelii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D59393961F37D7DC26" box="[478,742,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora hamelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D59610961F31BFDC26" box="[1117,1166,331,357]" name="Iran" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D5928A963B37A8DCCA" blockId="154.[151,1436,150,501]" box="[199,665,366,393]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A963B34A5DCCB" bold="true" box="[199,404,366,393]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D59029963B37A4DCCA" box="[612,661,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D5928A96C635D1DCB6" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D5928A96C635D1DCB6" blockId="154.[151,1436,150,501]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A96C63463DCEF" bold="true" box="[199,338,402,428]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Comments:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D5931496C73753DCEE" authorityName="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[345,610,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamelii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5931496C73753DCEE" box="[345,610,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora hamelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to have been one of the major sources of carmine dye used in colouring textiles and paintings in medieval and earlier times and was of great economic significance (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D5970596E335E5DCB6" author="Cardon, D." pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refId="ref99321" refString="Cardon, D. (2007) Natural Dyes - Sources, Tradition, Technology &amp; Science. Archetype Publications, London, 800 pp." type="book" year="2007">Cardon 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>