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<document id="96FC77CB7FC3939905E58FBB68B6F188" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.03.005" ID-ISSN="2213-2244" ID-PMC="PMC10074407" ID-PubMed="37032843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10668262" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1708029032017" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Scherrer, Patrick, Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre, Marti, Iris A., St, Borel, ephanie, Frey, Caroline F., Mueller, Norbert, Ruetten, Maja &amp; Basso, Walter" docDate="2023" docId="930287D6FFAAFF8DFC92CA1DEEC15AA7" docLanguage="en" docName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.21.1-10.pdf" docOrigin="International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.03.005" docStyle="DocumentStyle:77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931.1:IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931" docStyleName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Toxoplasma gondii" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="6F3BFFAEFFA9FF8EFFA0CE0CEB695F58" masterDocTitle="Exploring the epidemiological role of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1712174335323" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="EEB3D4C9D0DD2CD80C93135DABBDFAE5">Exploring the epidemiological role of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="1B1436C0FFAAFF8DFC92CA1DEE355B7C" blockId="3.[818,1372,1040,1060]" box="[818,1372,1040,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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3.2. Detection of
<taxonomicName id="DCAB4D43FFAAFF8DFC75CA1DEF4D5B7B" authority="(Nicolle &amp; Manceaux, 1908)" box="[981,1060,1040,1060]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">T. gondii</taxonomicName>
oocysts and enteroepithelial stages
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<taxonomicName id="DCAB4D43FFAAFF8DFCF1CA45E8CA5B03" box="[849,931,1096,1116]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">
<emphasis id="29DFEAD2FFAAFF8DFCF1CA45E8CA5B03" bold="true" box="[849,931,1096,1116]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. gondii</emphasis>
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-like oocysts were found in 3/176 (1.7%, 95% CI: 03.6) faecal samples (
<figureCitation id="83902A45FFAAFF8DFC6BCA69EF6B5B20" box="[971,1026,1125,1144]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,605,622]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,149,576]" captionTargetId="figure-198@5.[263,1324,148,577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Unsporulated T. gondii oocysts, with a diameter of 1012 μm, after flotation from a faecal sample of a juvenile lynx (left) (ID W20_8385). T. gondii development stage (meront, arrow) in a histological section of small intestine of a lynx (right) (ID W21_4446)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). All three samples tested positive for
<taxonomicName id="DCAB4D43FFAAFF8DFAD8CA69EEA15B2F" box="[1400,1480,1124,1144]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">
<emphasis id="29DFEAD2FFAAFF8DFAD8CA69EEA15B2F" bold="true" box="[1400,1480,1124,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. gondii</emphasis>
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- DNA and negative for
<taxonomicName id="DCAB4D43FFAAFF8DFBA8CA8DEFEA5BCB" box="[1032,1155,1152,1172]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Hammondia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis id="29DFEAD2FFAAFF8DFBA8CA8DEFEA5BCB" bold="true" box="[1032,1155,1152,1172]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. hammondi</emphasis>
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. All the three lynx with oocysts in faecal samples were juvenile animals, with two of them being antibodypositive.
<taxonomicName id="DCAB4D43FFAAFF8DFC29CAB4E8B05B93" box="[905,985,1208,1227]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">
<emphasis id="29DFEAD2FFAAFF8DFC29CAB4E8B05B93" bold="true" box="[905,985,1208,1227]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. gondii</emphasis>
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enteroepithelial stages were detected in small intestine sections from two of the animals (W20_8385 and W21_4446) (
<figureCitation id="83902A45FFAAFF8DFC9ACAFCE8195A5B" box="[826,880,1264,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,605,622]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,149,576]" captionTargetId="figure-198@5.[263,1324,148,577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Unsporulated T. gondii oocysts, with a diameter of 1012 μm, after flotation from a faecal sample of a juvenile lynx (left) (ID W20_8385). T. gondii development stage (meront, arrow) in a histological section of small intestine of a lynx (right) (ID W21_4446)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10668266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). In the third animal (W14_3480) such evaluation was compromised by autolysis.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="29DFEAD2FFAAFF8DFC92CB48EF355A0F" bold="true" box="[818,1116,1348,1368]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3.3. PCR on fresh tissue samples</emphasis>
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A total of 11 out of 150 analysed fresh tissue samples from 10 out of 92 (10.9%, 95% CI: 4.517.2) lynx, from which fresh tissue samples were available, were positive for
<taxonomicName id="DCAB4D43FFAAFF8DFBCDCBB8EFD55A9F" box="[1133,1212,1460,1479]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">
<emphasis id="29DFEAD2FFAAFF8DFBCDCBB8EFD55A9F" bold="true" box="[1133,1212,1460,1479]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. gondii</emphasis>
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-DNA by qPCR. Positive samples were 7/88 skeletal muscle, 2/26 heart muscle and 2/36 brain tissue. One lynx tested positive in two tissues (skeletal and heart muscle).
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