119 lines
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119 lines
14 KiB
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<document id="F83FF4A67DB292058C5197354E5749E6" ID-CLB-Dataset="2968" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5323143f-4530-4bd7-a643-9b34fc48c2d7" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5778510" ID-ZooBank="9924541E-6D36-4B6C-85B1-F12EF6830012" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639468984953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Manukyan, Andranik R. & Zhindarev, Leonid A." docDate="2021" docId="8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FA01FE28" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.4.6.13.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 4 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pherhombinae Kasparyan 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="639" masterDocId="734DEF3CFF98FFF5FF83FA40FF85FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber" masterLastPageNumber="647" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="639" updateTime="1699472375025" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4B733114763F56726C011A8E6409D4F1">Fossil Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CB9AAD202D361CC722A3167C1A1E3A1F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="777335EC437EA0128D60DD46BBBCDFEF">Manukyan, Andranik R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8289B585584BB126D749B1AC6A47307">Kaliningrad Amber Museum, Marshal Vasilevskiy Square 1, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D3C3A2023F0681381215176D893DA9D0">Zhindarev, Leonid A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4D15DCED17BDA2A252EB652B8959899B">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, GSP- 1, Moscow 119991, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="26D3765AAA67FDC797357F50BEC22E07">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="62D9DAC81EE52B40C122E59BB2DF440E">
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<mods:title id="00663F5013A327807F5ACD2DC4A060B1">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2A3FB580FA0E052EB432A702CE1A8BE7">
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<mods:date id="82E52E400805E3B365CE68BE178C7F27">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C563057BCE18742ABD4A02DA0AB52983">2021-12-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="118EC35D2FB6250B838EE7904AAE6157">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B2872E750EE3D4D1C687DD55A92E090E" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.13</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FA01FE28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779998" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191561964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5779998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FA01FE28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FA01FE28" lastPageNumber="639" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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<subSubSection id="4FC775D9FF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FD0EF882" box="[136,651,1856,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="07622652FF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FD0EF882" blockId="2.[136,651,1856,1883]" box="[136,651,1856,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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<heading id="5C2A913EFF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FD0EF882" box="[136,651,1856,1883]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF0BFD00FD0EF882" bold="true" box="[136,651,1856,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE89FD01FD0EF882" authority="Kasparyan, 1988" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" box="[266,651,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pherhombinae">Pherhombinae Kasparyan, 1988</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FC775D9FF9AFFF7FF0BFDC7FA01FE28" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="07622652FF9AFFF7FF0BFDC7FA01FE28" blockId="2.[136,778,1927,2093]" lastBlockId="2.[810,1452,158,497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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This is a monotypic and extinct subfamily, it includes the only genus
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE8DFDEAFDEDF81D" authority="Kasparyan, 1988" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" box="[270,616,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE8DFDEAFE1EF81D" box="[270,411,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">Pherhombus</emphasis>
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Kasparyan, 1988
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</taxonomicName>
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. According to the latest revision (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FEDCFD8DFDA6F83E" author="Manukyan, A. R." box="[351,547,1997,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="1324 - 1338" refId="ref7408" refString="Manukyan, A. R. (2019) New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Baltic amber with descriptions of three new species. Entomological Review, 99 (9), 1324 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090112" type="journal article" year="2019">Manukyan, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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), the fauna of Baltic amber contains six species:
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE37FDB0FC83F7D3" authority="Kasparyan, 1988" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" box="[436,774,2031,2058]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE37FDB0FE40F7D0" box="[436,453,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE53FDAFFDC0F7D0" box="[464,581,2031,2057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">antennalis</emphasis>
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Kasparyan, 1988
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FF0BF253FE1AF7F5" authority="Brues, 1923" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1923" box="[136,415,2066,2093]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brischkei">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF0BF253FF1CF7F5" box="[136,153,2067,2092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF24F252FE8BF7F5" box="[167,270,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">brischkei</emphasis>
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Brues, 1923
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE29F253FCE0FF60" authority="Tolkanitz & Narolsky, 2005" authorityName="Tolkanitz & Narolsky" authorityYear="2005" box="[426,869,158,2093]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolini">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE29F253FE3EF7F5" box="[426,443,2067,2092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE4AF252FD8FF7F5" box="[457,522,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">dolini</emphasis>
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Tolkanitz &
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FD1DF252FCE0FF60" author="Narolsky, N. B. & Tolkanitz, V. I. & Perkovsky, E. E." box="[670,869,158,2092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="50" refId="ref7598" refString="Narolsky, N. B., Tolkanitz, V. I. & Perkovsky, E. E. (2005) The first record of ichneumon wasps of the family Paxilommatidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) from Saxon amber. Vestnik Zoologii, 39 (6), 50." type="journal article" year="2005">Narolsky, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FCF2FADFFB5CFF61" authority="Manukyan, 2019" authorityName="Manukyan" authorityYear="2019" box="[881,1241,158,185]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasparyani">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FCF2FADFFC07FF61" box="[881,898,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FC11FADEFB8BFF61" box="[914,1038,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">kasparyani</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FB94FADEFB5CFF61" author="Manukyan, A. R." box="[1047,1241,158,184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="1324 - 1338" refId="ref7408" refString="Manukyan, A. R. (2019) New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Baltic amber with descriptions of three new species. Entomological Review, 99 (9), 1324 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090112" type="journal article" year="2019">Manukyan, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FB66FADFFC6FFF02" authority="Manukyan, 2019" authorityName="Manukyan" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krextepellensis">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FB66FADFFB73FF61" box="[1253,1270,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FA85FADEFA2EFF61" box="[1286,1451,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">krextepellensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FCA9FA81FC6FFF02" author="Manukyan, A. R." box="[810,1002,193,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="1324 - 1338" refId="ref7408" refString="Manukyan, A. R. (2019) New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Baltic amber with descriptions of three new species. Entomological Review, 99 (9), 1324 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090112" type="journal article" year="2019">Manukyan, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FBA0FA82FA2DFF02" authority="Manukyan, 2019" authorityName="Manukyan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1059,1448,193,219]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorgenauensis">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FBA0FA82FBB1FF02" box="[1059,1076,194,219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FBC1FA82FB64FF02" box="[1090,1249,194,219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">sorgenauensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FB64FA81FA2DFF02" author="Manukyan, A. R." box="[1255,1448,193,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="1324 - 1338" refId="ref7408" refString="Manukyan, A. R. (2019) New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Baltic amber with descriptions of three new species. Entomological Review, 99 (9), 1324 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090112" type="journal article" year="2019">Manukyan, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The biology of pherhombines was reconstructed based on the structure of the mandibles, ovipositor, metasoma, claws and other parts of the body. They most probably developed as parasites of openly living insect larvae. Active nuptial flight took place in spring, probably in the twilight or night hours. Their females mainly inhabited the humid lower shrub-herbaceous layer of the “amber forest”, where the hosts also lived (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FB37FB96FAFDFE28" author="Manukyan, A. R." box="[1204,1400,470,497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="1324 - 1338" refId="ref7408" refString="Manukyan, A. R. (2019) New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Baltic amber with descriptions of three new species. Entomological Review, 99 (9), 1324 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090112" type="journal article" year="2019">Manukyan, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |