240 lines
26 KiB
XML
240 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="FB0FE56E55906A9FECA495533BA026E0" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150" ID-PMC="PMC5019016" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8150" ID-PubMed="27651730" ID-ZooBank="262DB958242246B692E61675C3C07DB1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8150" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens" checkinTime="1553126057039" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Guanyang, Hart, Elwood R & Weirauch, Christiane" docDate="2016" docId="84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8150" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150" docTitle="Zelus pedestris Fabricius 1803" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8150" masterDocId="570F0E795632FF88A15573625E50C567" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens" masterLastPageNumber="8150" masterPageNumber="8150" pageNumber="8150" updateTime="1701316348929" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FEBA12EF6C223237D6317E3DB3CCCF89">
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<mods:title id="1F01156789ADF722F84DCD54A3AD8646">A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F4C75478AA0F3A855D08D134951D4AB8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="08CEA9F1D55BC3CA7C62359688334BB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="93BA3C2BF5246B24695B45116086A3B4">Zhang, Guanyang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D152F94E94E1B6B77562FEB37C5113B">Hart, Elwood R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93000A94E8EB3A10F2F945B867E32FF9">Weirauch, Christiane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2D7A15CA2FACC7CB75E6B98C3B7CC18D">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="62383CC0571C9B68BEF11D4B3AEB3D80">
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<mods:date id="7728CFAAA714FFAE65E58EFFDBE9769C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D490251508DEDD0D779C1B173955CCB9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="44C628C29AB55F4CD3FB259FB7F3CF18">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B8B7E0A4A86BC564AF795BCC8FB4140C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F2E37EAA4B01DF0D3AFDECFA9CB2287D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0C79D662FD126EDFB05789B3E6C2D73C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867" lastPageNumber="8150" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<subSubSection id="2F66DCE3B0D435917412AC10C52E2D33" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9960A13758BE67E5D2DC48DFB1DA862C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="79E0A290197FB8C97009F1F7EEBE64E4" ID-CoL="5D25T" authority="Fabricius, 1803" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus pedestris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">Zelus pedestris Fabricius, 1803</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2A05A53403728352833CE397C3382AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="92B0958DB36643007FC462BA7F03751B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="D390038F631AC9E96D90F6400E6FBAAE" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus pedestris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">Zelus pedestris</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1803, p. 288, orig. descr.;
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<normalizedToken id="D66EB99CF8BF4149CC8C7FA97D8EC3A7" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1872, p. 91, cat. (subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="3A01A159E7BA1B4FDD2FF25E8A4DD27D" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Diplodus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diplodus">Diplodus</taxonomicName>
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); Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 151, cat.; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, checklist; Maldonado, 1990, p. 330, cat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="04ACEA83F5B853B33AE0BFE353394714" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="78757A758FF5433F2BA049B71E957B2D" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus pedestris" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedestris">Diplodus pedestris</taxonomicName>
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:
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<normalizedToken id="4D4E04C2F722ADDAD29CDC80D86138A7" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1868, p. 109, descr. and note; Walker, 1873, p. 125, cat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75FD84A6CA7492FFB612993FFD0405DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="F72275DA1004E3E0AEA7522DF229CF16" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus dispar" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">Zelus dispar</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1803, p. 291, orig. descr.;
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<normalizedToken id="16B534A72A53355E7E91A13B4A6762C7" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1872, p. 92, cat. (subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="98F15CFF146DD56BB032F3F2E56EDA6B" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diplodus</taxonomicName>
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); Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 151, cat.; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 49, checklist; Maldonado, 1990, p. 326, cat. syn. nov. (current study).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE789760D425CB49566727963322D789" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="F9BBA427413B303DFC86363FDDE725E9" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus dispar" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">Diplodus dispar</taxonomicName>
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:
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<normalizedToken id="E83FFA4A8987B280BE2308C3806468D5" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1868, p. 109-110, descr. and note; Walker, 1873, p. 125, cat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="09A125727404702802973B665D88B3CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="2DD51EBC9DA9720D5FB1D68E3A2BFDDC" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus obscuridorsis" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscuridorsis">Diplodus obscuridorsis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="ACBB84828A076A2528ACB69315613CFB" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1860, p. 75, orig. descr.;
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<normalizedToken id="44B08DD7E1AC829F8F5B2FE595EC3CFB" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1868, p. 109, note; Walker, 1873, p. 125, cat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0057D7154B01724E97CD063C4ADB7A5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<taxonomicName id="E2D0B200CC7DB0CA53AFF2581D481C02" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus obscuridorsis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuridorsis">Zelus obscuridorsis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<normalizedToken id="603B449C48AD83A5969C1483A57C172C" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1872, p. 91, cat. and descr. (subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="3A6F003358A64D6885FA93E877D5CC69" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Diplodus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diplodus">Diplodus</taxonomicName>
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); kthierry and Severin, 1896, p. 152, cat.; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, checklist; Wygodzinsky, 1957, p. 26, note and senior syn. of
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<taxonomicName id="BFD311B91113CFFAC61BBFF819215723" lsidName="Z. nugax" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="nugax">Z. nugax</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="69E85FAB52DCD99033E1885E4615E9BD" lsidName="Z. illotus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="illotus">Z. illotus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9EC95478F16DA867433261CA1EFED621" lsidName="Z. carvalhoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">Z. carvalhoi</taxonomicName>
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; Wygodzinsky, 1960, p. 307-308, list. syn. nov. (current study).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="239147CCE7AAD55E855A7C4F9BB9862A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A1258B2C94B71EA16215442363BB9A67" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E7F915F5D1D3E3A96253BFA5E35C1E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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<materialsCitation id="25ABA56A292641F5C8335B4B93298B06" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="Schmidt" country="unknown" location="America meridionali" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Lectotype">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus id="6125EE19170FC853B18B1EDF1AF8BDB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Lectotype of Zeluspedestris Fabricius, 1803 (New Designation by Zhang, Hart & Weirauch, 2016). Bears the following labels: Type / Z.pedestris in Am. mer. Schmidt.; recordedBy:
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<collectorName id="6D954AEF5D7D7CFAA01FF8188BBBF5DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Schmidt</collectorName>
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; sex:
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<specimenType id="BB598705F707D65CBEDF5CAABE39F199" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult female</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluspedestris; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fabricius, 1803; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry id="CCE946E483D3C99161647BCCF771E7F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</collectingCountry>
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; locality:
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<location id="1F0C56480E4A6965CFEEDDDEC3B27D7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867:1F0C56480E4A6965CFEEDDDEC3B27D7B" country="unknown" name="America meridionali" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">America meridionali</location>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode id="C7DC3AE39FDCA59B50B7737A10502B6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="29A73108D2DB9F666B9AD90550E22EC5" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="unknown" location="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paralectotype">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus id="56A1F758CE66480CA50DD3ACBD1E53BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Paralectotype of Zeluspedestris Fabricius, 1803. (New Designation by Zhang, Hart & Weirauch, 2016). Bears only the 'Type' label.; sex:
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<specimenType id="02620E5659703ECC2D724CD6F4413344" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Female</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluspedestris; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fabricius, 1803; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry id="1E4850F5F1D022EC41B6510F9315B6F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</collectingCountry>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode id="7D9D0B1A146ECF013A4DD75F897EF8EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="1E9AF311238332678578561F3CA5D420" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="Schmidt" country="unknown" location="America meridionali" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus id="F53DAAF997E4BDF409E66A34C2B5BAA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Lectotype of Zelusdispar Fabricius, 1803 (New Designation by Zhang, Hart & Weirauch (2016), junior synonym of Zeluspedestris Fabricius, 1803. Bears the following labels: Type / Z.pedestris in Am. mer. Schmidt.; recordedBy:
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<collectorName id="54EFAF1D6A7098D4AEA615CEC528A672" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Schmidt</collectorName>
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; sex:
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<specimenType id="5604D646E28312A605715B90D6AD3A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Male</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluspedestris; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fabricius, 1803; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry id="D409C904368707C1543E3B2F499F65A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</collectingCountry>
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; locality:
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<location id="E1EB14E4AB982CB47B3A5488D4102645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867:E1EB14E4AB982CB47B3A5488D4102645" country="unknown" name="America meridionali" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">America meridionali</location>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode id="D0F0C09E213375FA7401B6228E6C3344" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="277F8636360710DF673D9C2F19A7AFCD" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="unknown" location="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus id="24C9181372D0A298958C24FAFA0A34E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Paralectotype of Zelusdispar Fabricius, 1803 (New Designation by Zhang, Hart & Weirauch, 2016), junior synonym of Zeluspedestris Fabricius, 1803. Bears only a "Type" label; sex:
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<specimenType id="AE3616052847C29690C13FC6738EC92F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Male</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluspedestris; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fabricius, 1803; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry id="C3B39747ED2AE50482745B2A74CA9B7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</collectingCountry>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode id="D7CD6E6DE9572A827CEE97DC5D7794DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="A89F8C485AF6CA09135F84EFAD8A17AB" collectingDate="No date provided" collectionCode="NHRS" country="BRAZIL" location="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00041009" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus id="769F26C402BD0A0FB66EAA84E9DD7FFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode id="B62B88B26447FDD7921D67F843713B08" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00041009</specimenCode>
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; occurrenceRemarks: Lectotype of Zelusobscuridorsis
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<normalizedToken id="2F0E0064B8D4330FB634612746880DBE" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1860 (New Designation by Zhang, Hart & Weirauch, 2016). Verbatim label info: Rio Jan / Stal / Zeluspedestris Fabricius det E.R.Hart 1972 / Lectotype Zelusobscuridorsis Stal / designated by E.R.Hart / obscuridosis Stal / Typus / NHRS-GULI 000000345.; sex:
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<specimenType id="9902AF89077C7BF6E9FFEA77CE418A1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
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; otherCatalogNumbers: NHRS-GULI 000000345; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluspedestris; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fabricius, 1803; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry id="0C7B1C1D2810031130C4411154A84660" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Rio de Janeiro; locality:
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<location id="099F7B47801281C75815D33E14613A20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867:099F7B47801281C75815D33E14613A20" country="BRAZIL" name="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</location>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName id="54130B841A9636D715C9BED0F214E508" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate id="04CEE4845B6D1E731B6DE262F079BFE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">No date provided</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode id="7DB385B2A8F2A1CD7D1B9938F8125526" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">NHRS</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="A2ED50AB64EB7DD4C4AC6D903C74C324" collectingDate="No date provided" collectionCode="NHRS" country="BRAZIL" location="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus id="772ED4AC218216276E3A466BCC2C7CFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Paralectotype of Zelusobscuridorsis
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<normalizedToken id="E4145EA6A9AF64DE33CE2A38AD6FA9D0" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1860 (New Designation by Zhang, Hart & Weirauch, 2016); sex:
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<specimenType id="77BB0FF33F4EA93CCAF6D5C6182D5F3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
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; otherCatalogNumbers: NHRS-GULI 000000345; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluspedestris; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fabricius, 1803; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry id="55480C17616D1AB687544C4D7FDA6D2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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; locality:
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<location id="E6B47A4D64BA48FA518A977B2EA4CBE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84775452343027C91F3EB7A601292867:E6B47A4D64BA48FA518A977B2EA4CBE9" country="BRAZIL" name="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</location>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName id="728B34A7C71322EC5D5FAF34D837D00D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate id="AC69C947ABAFF2E7C259B7CC203D3328" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">No date provided</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode id="03257484E99093E9F132FD8DBABAC5E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">NHRS</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1CDB2F01D10085EEBDA60EA391F533EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9DC0B4BB952E1686B99D788A7EF7AE4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96D4AA0C86D01298DE99EDE361A091EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Figs 156, 157, 158</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="395E439F8CE6B65EC287D9C8A5505E54" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Male: (Fig. 156a, b) Small, total length 9.63-11.26 mm (mean 10.60 mm, Suppl. material 2); slender. COLORATION: Dorsal surface dark brown; lighter on posterior pronotal lobe; lateral and ventral surfaces yellowish-brown; legs yellowish-brown, femoral apices dark, tibiae with three or four darker bands. VESTITURE: Sparsely setose. Entire surface of head with short, recumbent and erect setae, some scattered longer erect setae on postocular lobe, especially ventrally. Anterior pronotal lobe with short, recumbent to short, erect setae, confined to setal tracts dorsally, longer setae laterally; posterior pronotal lobe with short, recumbent and moderate, erect setae. Abdomen with short, recumbent and erect and scattered, longer erect setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Cylindrical, L/W = 2.37. Postocular lobe long; in dorsal view anteriorly gradually narrowing, posterior portion constant, slightly narrower. Eye smallish; lateral margin only slightly wider than postocular lobe; dorsal and ventral margins removed from surfaces of head. Labium: I: II: III = 1: 2.1: 0.4. Basiflagellomere diameter larger than that of pedicel. Thorax: Anterolateral angle subtuberculate; medial longitudinal sulcus shallow near collar, deepening posteriorly. Posterior pronotal lobe with rugulose surface; disc distinctly elevated above humeral angle; humeral angle armed, with dentate projection. Scutellum long; apex slightly pointed. Legs: Very slender, femoral diameters subequal. Hemelytron: Slightly surpassing apex of abdomen, not more than length of abdominal segment seven; quadrate cell small; Cu and M of cubital cell subparallel. GENITALIA: (Fig. 157) Pygophore: Ovoid; not expanded laterally in dorsal view. Medial process blade-like; very slender; long, only slightly shorter than paramere; laterally compressed; semi-erect; nearly straight; apex slightly curved, acute, without modification. Paramere: Cylindrical; moderately long, achieving apex of medial process; directed posteriad; slightly curved dorsad; apical portion not enlarged, apex acute or rounded. Phallus: Dorsal phallothecal sclerite shield-shaped; small indentation of lateral margin at about mid-point; apical portion of phallothecal sclerite distinctly tapered, slightly convex, laterally rounded, not forming angle; posterior margin of foramen deeply concave. Struts attached to dorsal phallothecal sclerite; apically fused; basally fused. Basal plate arm slender; basally fused; in lateral view very slightly curved; bridge extremely short; extension of basal plate small, laterally expanded onto arm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC42165A8889D094D4DCA58F7F219275" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Female: (Fig. 156c, d) Similar to male, except for the following. Larger than male, total length 12.15-13.36mm (mean 13.09 mm, Suppl. material 2). Coloration lighter than male.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="202EF43A90D54DD8610635FE72B643F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7F91FB2733DBA142533664FAEAA28633" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576E3AB529B8BF2FFC787CA3F15FF635" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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The slender, cylindrical paramere and the laterally compressed, blade-like medial process can separate this species from most other species of the genus. Different from
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<taxonomicName id="D60395E326B09F3D5324F8E957D5FFF2" lsidName="Z. illotus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="illotus">Z. illotus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="157C1504504DD0D36CBB15D3CD0E4754" lsidName="Z. impar" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="impar">Z. impar</taxonomicName>
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by the straight medial process, contrasting with the recurved medial processes of the other two species. Difficult to distinguish from
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<taxonomicName id="78CE4E461C833FD91797AEFEA2DC97FE" lsidName="Z. nugax" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="nugax">Z. nugax</taxonomicName>
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, but the paramere apex is generally rounded, the dorsal phallothecal sclerite usually with lateral indentation, the basal plate arms are fused and the basal plate arm extension is present and laterally expanded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1596D9592E1F09992EAEC80959CCC3FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="36B6E6201858D5F95C26409CEA96447B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0F9714A7148BAD5D9616DEFC56AF61F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">South America and adjacent islands of the Caribbean (Fig. 158). Countries with records: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1EF151966E20955466E32872693A8B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="taxon discussion">
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<paragraph id="841F485B561632468B24256DD4825838" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="443D347D450B29F729277B1FD972B6F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
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Some helpful, although not consistently reliable, characters used to distinguish females of
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<taxonomicName id="7F4172919F6DAE3F5D463FEA2DA32CC4" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
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from those of
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<taxonomicName id="E9B7D5CC9B2AF0931363EFC70526AB38" lsidName="Z. nugax" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="nugax">Z. nugax</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CB74237FA721ECB5C89E9166CC7B33AC" lsidName="Z. illotus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="illotus">Z. illotus</taxonomicName>
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are given in the taxon discussion section of
|
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<taxonomicName id="F27A527E92C6EB6F3F9D0FB3681E45BB" lsidName="Z. nugax" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="nugax">Z. nugax</taxonomicName>
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. Uncertainties in species limits between
|
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<taxonomicName id="A8419811F1B9DE3EA5325E73B103EF22" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
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and
|
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<taxonomicName id="EA058615D57D96B61ADDBFD9A670736B" lsidName="Z. nugax" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="nugax">Z. nugax</taxonomicName>
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|
are also discussed in that species. The application of the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C0C731F16E1A3FF52393D96AF13BE437" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to specimens from South America.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7803BB6140C2E12D91ADCF35478B5113" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">The coloration of the posterior pronotal lobe is the most obvious variable character in the males. This varies from a very light to a medium reddish-brown in any given geographic area. This pronotal variation is absent in the females, the dorsal surface varying from a relatively uniform light to medium brown in any geographic area.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |