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<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.053.0206" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918573" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1683581107404" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2012" docId="4D5087F77515FFB5FE1C8190FE005F6B" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.53.2.661-702.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 53 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0206" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.4:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synolcus spinosus : Londt 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="693" masterDocId="B169FF8F750BFF95FFDE851EFFAE5C6D" masterDocTitle="The genus Synolcus Loew, 1858, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="661" masterPageNumber="661" pageNumber="691" updateTime="1683701193166" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>The genus Synolcus Loew, 1858, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2012-12-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number>53</mods:number>
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7917775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D5087F77515FFB5FE1C8190FE005F6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D5087F77515FFB5FE1C8190FE005F6B" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="693" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">
<subSubSection box="[450,797,1166,1192]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1166,1676]" box="[450,797,1166,1192]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">
<heading box="[450,797,1166,1192]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" reason="3">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="53Y39" authority="Londt, 1980" authorityName=": Londt" authorityYear="1980" box="[450,797,1166,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Synolcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis box="[450,653,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">Synolcus spinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LONDT, J. G. H." box="[660,797,1166,1192]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" pagination="23 - 40" refId="ref28826" refString="LONDT, J. G. H. 1980. The genus Synolcus Loew (Diptera: Asilidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 43 (1): 23 - 40." type="journal article" year="1980">Londt, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[497,751,1206,1233]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1166,1676]" box="[497,751,1206,1233]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">
<figureCitation box="[497,582,1206,1232]" captionStart="Figs 214" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1491,1513]" captionTargetBox="[200,1127,248,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-9@5.[181,1141,223,1472]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 214. Synolcus species,♂ wing venation:(2) S.acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Gydo); (3) S.amnoni Londt, 1990 (Nkhandla); (4) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm); (5) S.armstrongi sp.n. (Karkloof paratype); (6) S. aurulentus Engel, 1929 (Outeniqua); (7) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Ntumeni); (8) S. griseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni); (9) S. macrocercus sp. n. (Middelpos paratype); (10) S. malawi Londt, 1990 (Lichenya paratype); (11) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Melmoth); (12) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (13) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype); (14) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Monks Cowl holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918577/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[594,669,1206,1232]" captionStart="Figs 6771" captionStartId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-350@31.[181,1141,1083,1627]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 6771. S. spinosus Londt, 1980, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">6771</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[681,711,1206,1233]" captionStart="Figs 7686" captionStartId="36.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[164,1091,214,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-7@36.[144,1104,204,1465]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 7686. Synolcus species, ovipositor: (76) S. acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Cape Town); (77) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm, redrawn from Londt 1990); (78) S. armstrongi sp. n. (Karkloof paratype);(79) S.aurulentus Engel,1929 (Knysna Forest, redrawn from Londt 1980); (80) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Coffee Bay, redrawn from Londt 1980); (81) S. grieseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni,redrawn from Londt 1980); (82) S.macrocercus sp.n.(Worcester paratype);(83) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Ngome, redrawn from Londt 1990); (84) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (85) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype, from Londt 1980); (86) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Injasuti paratype). Scale lines 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918609/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">85</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[723,751,1206,1232]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[181,214,1598,1620]" captionTargetBox="[303,1029,973,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-52@39.[284,1040,962,1560]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig.91.The distributionsSynolcus species:S.amnoni Londt,1990 squares,S.griseusEngel,1927 circles, S. spinosus Londt, 1980 triangles, S. ukhahlamba sp. n. diamonds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918619/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">91</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[144,976,1242,1264]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1166,1676]" box="[144,976,1242,1264]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[144,976,1242,1264]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">
<treatmentCitation author="LONDT, J. G. H." box="[144,498,1242,1264]" page="38" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" year="1980">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="53Y39" authority=": Londt 1980: 37 - 38" authorityName=": Londt" authorityPageNumber="37 - 38" authorityYear="1980" box="[144,498,1242,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Synolcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis box="[144,308,1242,1264]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">Synolcus spinosus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="LONDT, J. G. H." box="[320,498,1242,1264]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" pagination="23 - 40" refId="ref28826" refString="LONDT, J. G. H. 1980. The genus Synolcus Loew (Diptera: Asilidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 43 (1): 23 - 40." type="journal article" year="1980">Londt 1980: 3738</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, figs 7 (wing), 3133 (
<specimenCount box="[704,721,1242,1263]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" type="male"></specimenCount>
gen.), 34 (
<specimenCount box="[822,837,1242,1263]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" type="female"></specimenCount>
gen.); 1990: 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="693" pageId="30" pageNumber="691" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1166,1676]" box="[144,308,1278,1304]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">Redescription:</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1166,1676]" box="[144,208,1319,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">
<emphasis box="[144,202,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">Male</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1166,1676]" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">
<emphasis box="[144,205,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="691">Head</emphasis>
: Dark red-brown to blackish, strongly gold-silver pruinose, white, pale-yellow and black setose. Antenna: Dark red­brown to blackish, fine silver­gray pruinose, scape and pedicel black setose, postpedicel with few yellowish setae dorsally; mean segmental ratios (n =2) 1:0.8:1.7:1.1 (0.1:0.9:0.1), i.e. pedicel shorter than scape, postpedicel more than 1.5 times length of scape, stylus about as long as scape. Face: Dark red-brown to blackish, strongly gold-silver pruinose. Mystax black dorsally, pale yellowish ventrally (and ventrolaterally), setae slightly better developed ventrally. Frons and vertex: Blackish, strongly silver and red-gold pruinose, black setose (including ocellar setae). Occiput: Blackish, strongly silver pruinose, black (dorsally and centrally) and white (centrally and ventrally) setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1142,204,1037]" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">
<emphasis box="[181,262,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Thorax</emphasis>
: Dark red-brown to blackish, silver, gold-silver and dark red-brown pruinose, black and pale yellowish setose. Prothorax: Dark red-brown to blackish, gold-silver pruinose, pale-yellow setose except for dark red-brown macrosetae. Mesonotum: Dark red-brown to blackish, silver to gold-silver pruinose with dark red-brown pruinose median band and lateral patches, macrosetae black, minor setae blackish (mainly anteriorly) and pale yellow-white (mainly posteriorly). Macrosetae:
<emphasis box="[888,925,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">acr</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[981,1007,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">dc</emphasis>
moderately developed posterior of transverse suture,
<emphasis box="[641,667,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">dc</emphasis>
extending anterior of suture, 2
<emphasis box="[1018,1054,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">npl</emphasis>
, 2
<emphasis box="[1088,1135,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">spal</emphasis>
, 3
<emphasis box="[202,238,429,455]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">pal</emphasis>
(1 weak). Scutellum: Dark red-brown to blackish, strongly silvery pruinose, disc pale yellow setose, 1 pair black apical macrosetae. Pleura: Dark red-brown to black, silver to gold-silver pruinose, weakly (except
<emphasis box="[703,737,494,520]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">ktg</emphasis>
) white to pale yellow setose. Legs:
<emphasis box="[181,212,527,553]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Cx</emphasis>
dark red-brown to black, gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow setose;
<emphasis box="[951,976,527,552]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">cx</emphasis>
3 with 2 lateral macrosetae.
<emphasis box="[318,356,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Tro</emphasis>
dark red-brown, weakly pruinose, pale yellow setose.
<emphasis box="[944,993,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Fem</emphasis>
uniform dark red-brown to black, major setae mixed black and pale yellow, minor setae pale yellow.
<emphasis box="[181,217,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Tib</emphasis>
orange proximally, dark red-brown, distally, major and minor setae black and pale yellow.
<emphasis box="[269,307,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Tar</emphasis>
dark red-brown, major and minor setae mixed black and pale yellow. Wing (
<figureCitation box="[190,272,687,714]" captionStart="Figs 214" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1491,1513]" captionTargetBox="[200,1127,248,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-9@5.[181,1141,223,1472]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 214. Synolcus species,♂ wing venation:(2) S.acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Gydo); (3) S.amnoni Londt, 1990 (Nkhandla); (4) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm); (5) S.armstrongi sp.n. (Karkloof paratype); (6) S. aurulentus Engel, 1929 (Outeniqua); (7) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Ntumeni); (8) S. griseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni); (9) S. macrocercus sp. n. (Middelpos paratype); (10) S. malawi Londt, 1990 (Lichenya paratype); (11) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Melmoth); (12) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (13) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype); (14) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Monks Cowl holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918577/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): Veins mostly dark red-brown, anterior veins more orange-brown proximally, membrane transparent (slight yellow appearance due to microtrichiae). Cell
<emphasis box="[1029,1052,721,746]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">sc</emphasis>
lacking scr. Cells
<emphasis box="[314,325,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">r</emphasis>
1 and
<emphasis box="[401,412,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">r</emphasis>
2+3 considerably expanded and displaying corrugations. Wing length ×breadth (mean, n =2) 9.3 (8.010.4) × 3.8 (3.2 4.5) mm. Haltere: Pale brown with darker distal and proximal ends.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1142,204,1037]" lastBlockId="32.[144,1104,204,774]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="693" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">
<emphasis box="[181,286,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Dark red-brown to black, strongly silver to gold-silver, pale yellowish setose. T1 fairly uniformly silver pruinose,
<emphasis box="[582,594,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">c</emphasis>
. 5 pale yellow macrosetae laterally accompanied by many setae. T28 strongly silver pruinose (reflective properties change with angle of view), pale yellowish setose (including
<emphasis box="[624,636,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">c</emphasis>
. 3 posteroventral macrosetae). S similar to T. Terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[345,481,978,1004]" captionStart="Figs 6771" captionStartId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-350@31.[181,1141,1083,1627]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 6771. S. spinosus Londt, 1980, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Figs 6771</figureCitation>
):
<emphasis box="[501,574,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Epand</emphasis>
in lateral view (
<figureCitation box="[762,845,978,1004]" captionStart="Figs 6771" captionStartId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-350@31.[181,1141,1083,1627]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 6771. S. spinosus Londt, 1980, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
) fairly short (a little more than twice as long as deep), with broadly rounded, spinose distal end;
<emphasis box="[977,1045,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">epand</emphasis>
lobes in dorsal view divergent proximally, becoming closely associated before curving outwards towards inwardly directed distal ends (
<figureCitation box="[596,684,236,262]" captionStart="Figs 6771" captionStartId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-350@31.[181,1141,1083,1627]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 6771. S. spinosus Londt, 1980, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
). S8 unmodified, hind margin fairly straight to slightly medially indented.
<emphasis box="[564,625,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Hypd</emphasis>
fairly well-developed with gently indented posterior margin (
<figureCitation box="[342,471,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 6771" captionStartId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-350@31.[181,1141,1083,1627]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 6771. S. spinosus Londt, 1980, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Figs 67, 69</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis box="[490,557,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Gonst</emphasis>
in lateral view as in
<figureCitation box="[785,866,300,327]" captionStart="Figs 6771" captionStartId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-350@31.[181,1141,1083,1627]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 6771. S. spinosus Londt, 1980, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis box="[877,921,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Aed</emphasis>
fairly stout with short U­shaped, filamentous tip (
<figureCitation box="[510,594,333,359]" captionStart="Figs 6771" captionStartId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-350@31.[181,1141,1083,1627]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 6771. S. spinosus Londt, 1980, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918605/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="692" startId="31.[181,220,1630,1652]" targetBox="[205,1116,1093,1606]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1142,1630,1676]" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">
Figs 6771.
<taxonomicName authority="Londt, 1980" authorityName=": Londt" authorityYear="1980" box="[296,513,1630,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Synolcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="692" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis box="[296,396,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="692">S. spinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LONDT, J. G. H." box="[401,513,1630,1652]" pageId="31" pageNumber="692" pagination="23 - 40" refId="ref28826" refString="LONDT, J. G. H. 1980. The genus Synolcus Loew (Diptera: Asilidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 43 (1): 23 - 40." type="journal article" year="1980">Londt, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype male genitalia (Gladdespruit): (67) lateral, (68) dorsal, (69) ventral, (70) gonostylus, (71) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1104,204,774]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">
<emphasis box="[144,228,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Female</emphasis>
: Essentially similar to male. Wing length × breadth (mean, n=3) 9.3 (8.99.6) × 3.5 (3.43.8) mm (length and range almost identical to male but breadth narrower due to lack of expansion). Terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[518,600,437,464]" captionStart="Figs 7686" captionStartId="36.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[164,1091,214,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-7@36.[144,1104,204,1465]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 7686. Synolcus species, ovipositor: (76) S. acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Cape Town); (77) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm, redrawn from Londt 1990); (78) S. armstrongi sp. n. (Karkloof paratype);(79) S.aurulentus Engel,1929 (Knysna Forest, redrawn from Londt 1980); (80) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Coffee Bay, redrawn from Londt 1980); (81) S. grieseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni,redrawn from Londt 1980); (82) S.macrocercus sp.n.(Worcester paratype);(83) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Ngome, redrawn from Londt 1990); (84) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (85) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype, from Londt 1980); (86) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Injasuti paratype). Scale lines 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918609/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
): Ovipositor laterally compressed, fairly short (about 1.5 times as long as deep).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1104,204,774]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">
Type material examined:
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<collectingCountry box="[375,542,508,529]" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount box="[551,579,508,529]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[585,664,508,530]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
<specimenCount box="[670,699,508,529]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[705,792,508,529]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">paratypes</typeStatus>
<materialsCitation collectorName="DB Transvaal &amp; Febr &amp; Stuckenberg &amp; Grassland &amp; Gallery" country="South Africa" county="Kaapsehoop" elevation="1524" latitude="-25.589445" location="Gladdespruit River" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="30.77" municipality="Headwaters" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D5087F77515FFB5FE1C8190FE005F6B:C026603A752BFFB5FCFF84E2FC7C5E7F" box="[801,978,508,530]" country="South Africa" county="Kaapsehoop" latitude="-25.589445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="30.77" municipality="Headwaters" name="Gladdespruit River" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Gladdespruit River</location>
/
<collectingMunicipality box="[997,1104,508,530]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Headwaters</collectingMunicipality>
at
<collectingCounty box="[167,279,532,554]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Kaapsehoop</collectingCounty>
[
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<geoCoordinate box="[404,511,532,554]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" precision="15" seconds="12" value="30.77">30°46'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
] / 2530
<collectorName box="[583,710,532,554]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">DB Transvaal</collectorName>
<quantity box="[717,776,532,554]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" unit="ft" value="5000.0">
<elevation box="[717,776,532,554]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000ft</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<quantity box="[788,855,532,554]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" unit="m" value="1524.0">
<elevation box="[788,855,532,554]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" unit="m" value="1524.0">1524m</elevation>
</quantity>
] / 23
<collectorName box="[912,954,532,554]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Febr</collectorName>
71
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/
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&amp;
<collectorName box="[279,347,556,578]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Gallery</collectorName>
forest
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount box="[427,455,556,577]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[462,540,557,578]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">paratype</typeStatus>
<materialsCitation collectorName="DB Transvaal &amp; Stuckenberg &amp; Grassland &amp; Gallery" country="South Africa" county="Kaapsehoop" elevation="1524" location="Gladdespruit River" municipality="Headwaters" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D5087F77515FFB5FE1C8190FE005F6B:C026603A752BFFB5FDEC8732FD4E5E2F" box="[562,736,556,578]" country="South Africa" county="Kaapsehoop" municipality="Headwaters" name="Gladdespruit River" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Gladdespruit River</location>
/
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at
<collectingCounty box="[894,1006,556,578]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Kaapsehoop</collectingCounty>
/ 2530
<collectorName pageId="32" pageNumber="693">DB Transvaal</collectorName>
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<elevation box="[238,297,580,602]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000ft</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<quantity box="[308,375,580,602]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" unit="m" value="1524.0">
<elevation box="[308,375,580,602]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" unit="m" value="1524.0">1524m</elevation>
</quantity>
] / 3 xi 70
<collectorName box="[467,580,580,602]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Stuckenberg</collectorName>
/
<collectorName box="[598,689,580,602]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Grassland</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[717,785,580,602]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Gallery</collectorName>
forest
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1104,204,774]" box="[144,958,615,637]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">
Other material examined:
<materialsCitation box="[381,954,615,637]" collectingDate="1986-12-08" country="South Africa" location="SOUTH AFRICA" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCountry box="[381,548,615,636]" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount box="[556,584,615,636]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
Barberton, 2531CC,
<date box="[779,872,615,637]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" value="1986-12-08">
<collectingDate box="[779,872,615,637]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" value="1986-12-08">8.xii.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, Meakin
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1104,204,774]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">
Distribution, phenology and biology: Known only from two localities in the
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Mpumalanga province</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry box="[276,418,684,710]" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[431,512,684,710]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[181,214,1598,1620]" captionTargetBox="[303,1029,973,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-52@39.[284,1040,962,1560]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig.91.The distributionsSynolcus species:S.amnoni Londt,1990 squares,S.griseusEngel,1927 circles, S. spinosus Londt, 1980 triangles, S. ukhahlamba sp. n. diamonds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918619/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="693">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
), and collected in November and December (Table 1) from grassland and gallery forest. The label data suggest that the species inhabits forest and forest margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>