247 lines
33 KiB
XML
247 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="87B29A3372B8458DDD177357DCBE4260" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629742199822" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Amaya-Vallejo, Vanessa & Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo" docDate="2011" docId="410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03049p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3049" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Palaemnema mutans Calvert 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="BD3BFFC6FFCB1816FF88FFEBAF30FF9D" masterDocTitle="The larva of Palaemnema mutans Calvert, 1931 (Odonata: Platystictidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1699105328821" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8972A7C6FA787A8A03BF56B805CC2D9F">
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<mods:title id="66E9FFB6A7EA6F606E83895DB9436171">The larva of Palaemnema mutans Calvert, 1931 (Odonata: Platystictidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2C3F89875E170F7DDFE86CE745E9AF4A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0894D89B9ECC698425A740D3201FAB44">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5546B974A3CA6DF40A3844FF076AB8E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9CBC9142194D9E47DB8082D814B6A06D">Amaya-Vallejo, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB06E62E27674BF5F593794EFC6DB551">Universidad de los Andes, Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática LAZOEA. Cra 1 Nº 18 A- 12, Lab J 307 Bogotá, COLOMBIA. Instituto de Ecología A. C. Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, MEXICO.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="83968AFABF6FBAAF77640C24355383F7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="97CBE7209CA125B1630E533FEAEADE17">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C7B18C5EE264167BBD307A16C2761FE9">Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D7AB1F22A62758D9AEF166763D16EEB2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ECF0BF1DB9C9645EC07308CE2914D86B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="49A762B8DB15A6FF6B930A9530065A61">
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<mods:date id="0F2059F298BC59B1210FF6F0EE1F9BD7">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FDC780C56AAA66078F9595A92734CA87">2011-10-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1B0C0C3ECACEA1353298F3863227298B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="21EB532679244A0A83C5040AA9D3C3D5">3049</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B3D5548774D0F94F1A3F7F22B59FE9BA">59</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="DDFDC109D9D345D75B9ABF54448479CE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3B7BF1F1049E846DC36480EDCEE1276D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5301662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5301662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="81B16523FFCB1816FF1FF8D3AECAF8CF" box="[151,506,1848,1874]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C91436A8FFCB1816FF1FF8D3AECAF8CF" blockId="0.[151,506,1848,1907]" box="[151,506,1848,1874]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="925C81C4FFCB1816FF1FF8D3AECAF8CF" bold="true" box="[151,506,1848,1874]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0EAB4D2BFFCB1816FF1FF8D3AECAF8CF" ID-CoL="4C288" authority="Calvert" authorityName="Calvert" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,506,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Platystictidae" genus="Palaemnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutans">
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<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFCB1816FF1FF8D3AECAF8CF" bold="true" box="[151,506,1848,1874]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFCB1816FF1FF8D3AEA5F8CF" bold="true" box="[151,405,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Palaemnema mutans</emphasis>
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Calvert
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81B16523FFCB1816FF1FF8B0AFCFF8EE" box="[151,255,1883,1907]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C91436A8FFCB1816FF1FF8B0AFCFF8EE" blockId="0.[151,506,1848,1907]" box="[151,255,1883,1907]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFCB1816FF1FF8B0AFCFF8EE" box="[151,255,1883,1907]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId-0="1.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1431,365,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1425,207,1330]" captionTargetId-0="figure-112@1.[151,1436,337,1847]" captionTargetId-1="figure-340@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–4. Ultimate larval instar of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (1) general aspect, dorsal view; (2) right antenna, dorsal view; (3a) left mandible, ventral view; (3b) right mandible, ventral view; (4a) prementum, dorsal view; (4b) labial palp, dorsolateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 5–9. Details of the morphology of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view." pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figs. 1–9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81B16523FFCB1817FF1FF848AFC4FE81" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C91436A8FFCB1817FF1FF848AFC4FE81" blockId="0.[151,1436,1955,2015]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFCB1816FF1FF848AE36F821" bold="true" box="[151,262,1955,1980]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" reason="1">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="79C33CF5FFCB1817FE87F848AC9EFF49" collectingDate="2008-09-11" collectingDateMax="2011-01-06" collectingDateMin="2008-09-11" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Amaya & Six" country="Colombia" county="Alto Anchicaya" elevation="528" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="60" latitude="3.571" location="One" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.8797" municipality="Quebrada Acueducto" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="46" specimenCount-female="22" specimenCount-male="24">
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<location id="CC746073FFCB1816FE87F848AE0EF826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9:CC746073FFCB1816FE87F848AE0EF826" box="[271,318,1955,1979]" country="Colombia" county="Alto Anchicaya" latitude="3.571" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.8797" municipality="Quebrada Acueducto" name="One" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">One</location>
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exuvia (
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<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCB1816FE2DF848AEE0F826" box="[421,464,1955,1979]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, reared), 22 F0 larvae (
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<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCB1816FD57F848AC2AF826" box="[735,794,1955,1979]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="male">11 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCB1816FCA0F848AC53F826" box="[808,867,1955,1979]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="female">11 ♀</specimenCount>
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).
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<collectingCountry id="B1BC7638FFCB1816FCF2F848AB24F826" box="[890,1044,1955,1979]" name="Colombia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<location id="CC746073FFCB1816FBA8F848ABE5F826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9:CC746073FFCB1816FBA8F848ABE5F826" box="[1056,1237,1955,1979]" country="Colombia" county="Alto Anchicaya" latitude="3.571" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.8797" municipality="Quebrada Acueducto" name="Alto Anchicaya" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Alto Anchicayá</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="2970ACD2FFCB1816FB6AF848AFE5F842" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Quebrada Acueducto</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<quantity id="0E539B4DFFCB1816FF6CF82CAE60F842" box="[228,336,1991,2015]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.279999999999999" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="528.0">
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<elevation id="4286D19BFFCB1816FF6CF82CAE60F842" box="[228,336,1991,2015]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.279999999999999" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="528.0">528 masl</elevation>
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</quantity>
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),
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<geoCoordinate id="AC9F506FFFCB1816FEEBF82CAEC3F842" box="[355,499,1991,2015]" degrees="03.57025" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="3.57025">03.57025º N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="AC9F506FFFCB1816FE76F82CAD90F842" box="[510,672,1991,2015]" degrees="076.87815" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-76.87815">076.87815º W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="BD151068FFCB1816FD23F82CAC29F842" box="[683,793,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" value="2009-02-02">
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<collectingDate id="AD51E980FFCB1816FD23F82CAC29F842" box="[683,793,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" value="2009-02-02">2-II-2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, (
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<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCB1816FCB8F82CAC69F842" box="[816,857,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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);
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<date id="BD151068FFCB1816FCF8F82CACEEF842" box="[880,990,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" value="2009-02-03">
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<collectingDate id="AD51E980FFCB1816FCF8F82CACEEF842" box="[880,990,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" value="2009-02-03">3-II-2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, (
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||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCB1816FC7AF82CAB2DF842" box="[1010,1053,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCB1816FBACF82CAB7FF842" box="[1060,1103,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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);
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<date id="BD151068FFCB1816FBEFF82CABEAF842" box="[1127,1242,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" value="2010-01-29">
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<collectingDate id="AD51E980FFCB1816FBEFF82CABEAF842" box="[1127,1242,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" value="2010-01-29">29-I-2010</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, (
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||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCB1816FB66F82CAA29F842" box="[1262,1305,1991,2015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
, 1 emerged on
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||
<date id="BD151068FFCA1817FF36FF7CAE1EFF32" box="[190,302,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2010-02-03">
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||
<collectingDate id="AD51E980FFCA1817FF36FF7CAE1EFF32" box="[190,302,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2010-02-03">3-II-2010</collectingDate>
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</date>
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);
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||
<date id="BD151068FFCA1817FECEFF7CAE9AFF32" box="[326,426,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2011-01-05">
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||
<collectingDate id="AD51E980FFCA1817FECEFF7CAE9AFF32" box="[326,426,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2011-01-05">5-I-2011</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, (
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||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCA1817FE4BFF7CAEC2FF32" box="[451,498,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCA1817FE75FF7CAD1CFF32" box="[509,556,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
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);
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||
<date id="BD151068FFCA1817FDC0FF7CAD9CFF32" box="[584,684,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2011-01-06">
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||
<collectingDate id="AD51E980FFCA1817FDC0FF7CAD9CFF32" box="[584,684,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2011-01-06">6-I-2011</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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, (
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||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCA1817FD4CFF7CADC4FF32" box="[708,756,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCA1817FC88FF7CAC1EFF32" box="[768,814,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
),
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||
<collectingCounty id="20754E24FFCA1817FCC2FF7CAB32FF32" box="[842,1026,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Alto Anchicayá</collectingCounty>
|
||
, unnamed forest creek (
|
||
<quantity id="0E539B4DFFCA1817FA97FF7CAAA0FF32" box="[1311,1424,151,175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="538.0">
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<elevation id="4286D19BFFCA1817FA97FF7CAAA0FF32" box="[1311,1424,151,175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="538.0">538 masl</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
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||
<geoCoordinate id="AC9F506FFFCA1817FF1FFF57AE17FF4E" box="[151,295,188,212]" degrees="03.57100" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="3.571">03.57100º N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="AC9F506FFFCA1817FEBBFF57AEE5FF4E" box="[307,469,188,212]" degrees="076.87970" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="-76.8797">076.87970º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD151068FFCA1817FE68FF57AD56FF49" box="[480,614,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2008-09-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AD51E980FFCA1817FE68FF57AD56FF49" box="[480,614,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2008-09-11">11-IX-2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCA1817FDF5FF57AD96FF4E" box="[637,678,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
), all
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFBAAE6DFFCA1817FD69FF57ADC5FF4E" box="[737,757,188,211]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="645E537EFFCA1817FC88FF57AC61FF49" box="[768,849,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Amaya</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="645E537EFFCA1817FC01FF57AC9EFF49" box="[905,942,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Six</collectorName>
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="79C33CF5FFCA1817FC3EFF57AFC0FE81" collectionCode="IEXA" collectorName="Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. & Instituto de Ecologia" country="Colombia" county="Mexico" location="Coleccion Entomologica del Instituto de Ecologia" municipality="Veracruz" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5">
|
||
males and
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFADFD21FFCA1817FBA6FF57ABAEFF49" box="[1070,1182,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, including an emerged individual deposited in
|
||
<location id="CC746073FFCA1817FE39FF34AB32FF6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9:CC746073FFCA1817FE39FF34AB32FF6A" box="[433,1026,223,247]" country="Colombia" county="Mexico" municipality="Veracruz" name="Coleccion Entomologica del Instituto de Ecologia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Colección Entomológica del
|
||
<collectorName id="645E537EFFCA1817FC82FF34AB32FF6A" box="[778,1026,223,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Instituto de Ecología</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, A. C.,
|
||
<location id="CC746073FFCA1817FBE3FF34AB8DFF6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:410287BEFFCB1815FF1FF8D3AA11FAC9:CC746073FFCA1817FBE3FF34AB8DFF6A" box="[1131,1213,223,247]" country="Colombia" county="Mexico" municipality="Veracruz" name="Xalapa" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Xalapa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2970ACD2FFCA1817FB47FF0BAA06FF6A" box="[1231,1334,224,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Veracruz</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="20754E24FFCA1817FACFFF34AAACFF6A" box="[1351,1436,223,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">México</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFBAAE6DFFCA1817FF17FEEFAFD8FE81" box="[159,232,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">IEXA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="9DD46620FFCA1817FF1FF8A7AE23F802" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" startId="1.[151,264,1868,1891]" targetBox="[190,1431,365,1839]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="C91436A8FFCA1817FF1FF8A7AE23F802" blockId="1.[151,1436,1868,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFCA1817FF1FF8A7AE0AF8FE" bold="true" box="[151,314,1868,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
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Ultimate larval instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAB4D2BFFCA1817FDBFF8A7AC6EF8FF" authority="Calvert" authorityName="Calvert" authorityYear="1931" box="[567,862,1868,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Platystictidae" genus="Palaemnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFCA1817FDBFF8A7AC3AF8FF" box="[567,778,1868,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Palaemnema mutans</emphasis>
|
||
Calvert
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (1) general aspect, dorsal view; (2) right antenna, dorsal view; (3a) left mandible, ventral view; (3b) right mandible, ventral view; (4a) prementum, dorsal view; (4b) labial palp, dorsolateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9DD46620FFC91814FF1FFAACADEEFA06" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" startId="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" targetBox="[157,1425,207,1330]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="C91436A8FFC91814FF1FFAACADEEFA06" blockId="2.[151,1436,1351,1435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC91814FF1FFAACAE09FAC3" bold="true" box="[151,313,1351,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURES 5–9.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of the morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAB4D2BFFC91814FDE0FAA3ACBFFAC3" authority="Calvert" authorityName="Calvert" authorityYear="1931" box="[616,911,1352,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Platystictidae" genus="Palaemnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC91814FDE0FAA3AC0BFAC3" box="[616,827,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Palaemnema mutans</emphasis>
|
||
Calvert
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81B16523FFC91815FF4FFA2CAA11FAC9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C91436A8FFC91814FF4FFA2CAAB7F9BA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1479,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC91814FF4FFA2CAE68FA7D" bold="true" box="[199,344,1479,1504]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Exuviae light yellow, larvae dark brown dorsally, light brown laterally, and pale ventrally. Legs and cephalic lobes light brown. Anterior part of head, labrum, mandibles and apex of maxillae reddish-brown. Antennae yellowish-brown; head wider than thorax and abdomen, caudal lamellae saccoid, not petiolate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC91814FABDF9E4AA46F9BA" box="[1333,1398,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1431,365,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-112@1.[151,1436,337,1847]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Ultimate larval instar of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (1) general aspect, dorsal view; (2) right antenna, dorsal view; (3a) left mandible, ventral view; (3b) right mandible, ventral view; (4a) prementum, dorsal view; (4b) labial palp, dorsolateral view." pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C91436A8FFC91815FF4FF9DFAA36FE52" blockId="2.[151,1437,1479,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,1364]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Head. Slightly wider than long, flattened dorsoventrally, occiput widely concave. Compound eyes not prominent. Rows of long, hair-like setae arranged as follows: ventrolateral margin of compound eyes, surrounding the antennal scape, around three circular pale areas on the occiput, on interocellar spaces and on lateral margins of the head. Frons and apical margin of labrum covered with short, stiff setae. Antennae 7-segmented, 3
|
||
<superScript id="3EDE9BE0FFC91814FB58F974ABEDF930" attach="left" box="[1232,1245,1695,1709]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">rd</superScript>
|
||
antennomere the longest, 7
|
||
<superScript id="3EDE9BE0FFC91814FE8CF92DAE20F949" attach="left" box="[260,272,1734,1748]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">th</superScript>
|
||
the shortest. Antennomeres 1–6 with long, hair-like setae on distal portion, surrounding the insertion of following antennomere, 7 with short hair-like setae on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC91814FCDEF906ACAEF898" box="[854,926,1773,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1431,365,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-112@1.[151,1436,337,1847]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Ultimate larval instar of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (1) general aspect, dorsal view; (2) right antenna, dorsal view; (3a) left mandible, ventral view; (3b) right mandible, ventral view; (4a) prementum, dorsal view; (4b) labial palp, dorsolateral view." pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibles with a molar crest set in a soft, fleshy area, with the following formula (
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC91814FDECF8F9AD92F8B4" box="[612,674,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3A4B59FFC91814FD23F8F9AC7AF8B4" author="Watson" box="[683,842,1809,1833]" firstAuthor="Watson" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="155 - 202" refId="ref2393" refString="Watson, M. C. (1956) The utilization of mandibular armature in taxonomic studies of anisopterous nymphs. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 81, 155 - 202." type="journal article" year="1956">Watson, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): R 1 2 3 4 0 a b; L 1 2 3 4 0 a (m1–7) b d, this last tooth sharply pointed. Molar lobe on left mandible usually with 9 teeth, but they could be 10, 11 or also 12; this lobe has a particular shape, divided in 2 portions: dorsal portion with a row of 5–8 small teeth, ventral portion with a fixed number of 4 larger teeth, giving the molar lobe a gapped appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC91814FB8AF896AB42F808" box="[1026,1138,1917,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1431,365,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-112@1.[151,1436,337,1847]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Ultimate larval instar of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (1) general aspect, dorsal view; (2) right antenna, dorsal view; (3a) left mandible, ventral view; (3b) right mandible, ventral view; (4a) prementum, dorsal view; (4b) labial palp, dorsolateral view." pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 3a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prementum-postmentum articulation reaching posterior border of forecoxae. Prementum flat ventrally, longer than wide, sides strongly convex at middle. Lateral margins smooth and without setae. Dorsal surface with small transverse striae to each side of the midline. Ligula strongly protruding, with a row of small scales on apical border and a tuft of short, hair-like setae on each side, before insertion of labial palp; median cleft closed and well defined, with one minute spine on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FE86FF34AE51FF6A" box="[270,353,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1431,365,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-112@1.[151,1436,337,1847]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Ultimate larval instar of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (1) general aspect, dorsal view; (2) right antenna, dorsal view; (3a) left mandible, ventral view; (3b) right mandible, ventral view; (4a) prementum, dorsal view; (4b) labial palp, dorsolateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labial palp with some long, hair-like scattered setae near base and below insertion of movable hook; its internal margin smooth and sharp, bluntly tipped, slightly curved to ligula, ending in two minute cusps; length of movable hook two-thirds length of internal margin of palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FC2FFECCACCCFEA2" box="[935,1020,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1431,365,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-112@1.[151,1436,337,1847]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Ultimate larval instar of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (1) general aspect, dorsal view; (2) right antenna, dorsal view; (3a) left mandible, ventral view; (3b) right mandible, ventral view; (4a) prementum, dorsal view; (4b) labial palp, dorsolateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypopharynx deeply widened near last third of its length, widened borders with 4 long hair-like setae, and apical margin with 5–6 long hair-like setae on each side of median part, that part covered with scattered short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FC5DFE84AB24FE1A" box="[981,1044,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,207,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Details of the morphology of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Galeolacinia with 7 robust teeth, dorsal margin with 3 long, incurved teeth, 3 short teeth more incurved on ventral margin, apical tooth largest. Maxillary palp shorter than galeolacinia acutely pointed and covered with rows of short stiff setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FB32FE5CABC8FE52" box="[1210,1272,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,207,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Details of the morphology of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C91436A8FFC81815FF4DFE37AA23FC89" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Thorax. Posterior margin of pronotum with row of long, hair-like setae, postero- lateral margins covered with same kind of setae. Mesepisternum covered with short setae, mesepimeron with some sparse setae and group of stiff setae surrounding wing insertion; mesinfraepisterna bare; metepimeron and metepisternum covered with sparse, short and long setae; metinfraepisterna bare. Legs long, hind tarsi extending beyond S10 when fully extended; all segments of all legs covered with long and short slender setae; fore tibiae with longer and denser setae than other tibiae; apices of tibiae bordered with row of short and stiff spines along internal margin, this margin slightly expanded on fore tibiae, and with spines more separated. External margin of fore tibiae with 3–4 robust spines intercalated with hair-like setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FDD4FD3CADACFD72" box="[604,668,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,207,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Details of the morphology of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore femora not curved. Fore and hind wing buds reaching basal 0.75 and posterior margin of abdominal segment 5, respectively, and with short, stiff setae on margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C91436A8FFC81815FF4DFCF4AFC9FBE1" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Abdomen. Cylindrical and slender, without lateral spines or dorsal bumps. S4–10 covered with sparse, small, hair-like setae. Male gonapophyses lacking. Female gonapophyses slightly surpassing S10, all valves almost equal in size; ventral border of outer valves with row of short hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FCDFFC8CACA6FCE2" box="[855,918,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,207,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Details of the morphology of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male cerci digitiform, blunt tipped, directed downwards in lateral view, convergent in ventral view, and as long as S10. Tergite coloration uniform, sometimes darker on S5–10. Epiproct shorter than paraprocts, external margins fully covered with long and abundant hair-like setae, ventral margin with hair-like setae only on apical half, increasing in size and number caudally, length of terminal filament 0.25 length of epiproct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FDD9FC1CADACFB92" box="[593,668,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,207,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Details of the morphology of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig 9a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paraprocts grayish-brown, saccoid, not petiolate. External margins covered with scattered small setae that become longer and more abundant on terminal filament; length of filament more than half length of paraproct; widest part of paraproct at half its length without counting terminal filament (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51902A2DFFC81815FF17FB8FAFDCFBE1" box="[159,236,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,207,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Details of the morphology of Palaemnema mutans Calvert: (5) hypopharynx, ventral view; (6) left maxilla, lateral view; (7) right fore tibia, dorsal view; (8) female gonapophyses, lateral view; (9a) medial caudal lamella (epiproct) lateral view; (9b) lateral caudal lamella (paraproct), lateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig 9b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C91436A8FFC81815FF4FFB63AE02FB75" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC81815FF4FFB63AE46FB3D" bold="true" box="[199,374,1160,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(mm): Total length (without caudal lamellae) 9.8–12.9; maximum width of head 2.7–3.2; hind femur 2.8–3.1; male cerci 0.3–0.4; left paraproct with filament 5.0–6.2, right paraproct 4.8–5.4; epiproct with filament 3.2–4.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C91436A8FFC81815FF4FFB18AA11FAC9" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC81815FF4FFB18AE1AFA96" box="[199,298,1267,1292]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC81815FF4FFB18AE13FA91" bold="true" box="[199,291,1267,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAB4D2BFFC81815FE24FB1EAD2BFA91" authorityName="Calvert" authorityYear="1931" box="[428,539,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Platystictidae" genus="Palaemnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDFEABAFFC81815FE24FB1EAD2BFA91" box="[428,539,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">P. mutans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in tropical forest in shallow streams, among rough gravel and cobbles, in a stream section where the riparian vegetation was well preserved, with a closed canopy. Those streams are undisturbed, and the water has high levels of dissolved oxygen and an average temperature of 23°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |