257 lines
25 KiB
XML
257 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297105" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7b986d2-d221-4c24-ae0a-037b5d4d8887" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905166440" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="41024AA382A70EB44CACDA688A446396" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Geomyidae.859-870.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Geomyidae Bonaparte 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="B149FDE7D3909CFBF93D8FFBC8EF1D48" lastPageNumber="859" masterDocId="B149FDE7D3909CFBF93D8FFBC8EF1D48" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae" masterLastPageNumber="870" masterPageNumber="859" pageNumber="859" updateTime="1716775291689" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="4E4A019A3A00BD76D54ED5558D52330B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="00E50989CC9D7BD5C0C8CA0A927F7375">
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<mods:title id="76980FE9260ADF7A5D9349682BDA43C3">Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="711F8B1F84B29025BC6BAD5557BA0F5F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A805D722B0013FB5F085467A4DF9A1AA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BF2B2AAFB2A94504A1391532ED22280E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="48AD6BC41854D5327FC5DEFC99190F60">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2368C98C3728934F5F3786DAE15BC1BD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="58A534B824EBBBD75DBD287F8548FB9F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="49985B2D3828022DAD3B647B300CD8FF">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="96CDEFFF1887B8EEF73DC72AADFD249C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="C5FE42773FBE69F3C0C4503E0B77A642">
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<mods:dateIssued id="02EA9837F29B1551DFF457E5C6F21D6B">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="EF1CA56A1D6401E7F231EF9DF139DF08">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="5E0086D4E2B0416B450825BEBB61A62F">
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<mods:placeTerm id="2ED2F69856DF8208841C4372ADB244C9">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FDB8D22F313A0825388EB4D8A1879484">
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<mods:title id="B00C0EEB18314966D87156A1CD78688D">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8779F068956DB01CE2AC9095C227086C">
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<mods:extent id="72DC9E82DBA3028902C152D6E75AB48E" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="87088AB80D7D25C45F4D41D5A223754C">859</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E4E36F29A1F7781005481B3ECE46FD89">870</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="D57F1374D7FBCAF0D956A4629E2DBA36">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="901C6E35E834195C97A340DE46024048" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F1392BF7C94B72D43223A67C0FCD2AFF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="41024AA382A70EB44CACDA688A446396" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231543180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41024AA382A70EB44CACDA688A446396" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41024AA382A70EB44CACDA688A446396" lastPageNumber="859" pageNumber="859" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12800001">
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<subSubSection id="F48302AA8C088FFFFBDBD075BE8E9E33" pageNumber="859" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="98C1DC661B17B7235ED07B8AC3484EDF" pageNumber="859">
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<taxonomicName id="67B0380D564E082EB4A888FD771463E9" ID-CoL="6247K" authority="Bonaparte 1845" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geomyidae Bonaparte 1845</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1F37B1B43149FD780498087E101A946A" pageNumber="859" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="44E97A3E6DFDA63B99B31A1896697FA1" pageNumber="859">
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<treatmentCitation id="CCD41E5F63A16F4B33DB89C7B2D34AC5" author="Bonaparte" authority="Bonaparte 1845" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="5" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" title="Geomyidae" volumeTitle="Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe" year="1845">
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<taxonomicName id="EDC84374DA7FC35D197564B481592D65" ID-CoL="6247K" authority="Bonaparte 1845" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Geomyidae
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<bibRefCitation id="BD9A824E752BA4E398D4F90B0E266FC0" author="Bonaparte, C. - L. J. L." refId="ref35525" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. J. L. 1845. Catalogo methodico dei mammiferi Europei. L. di Giacomo Pirola, Milano, 36 pp." year="1845">Bonaparte 1845</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="CC660905A265D94A342ACA2650F32BA5" author="Bonaparte" pageNumber="859" pagination="5" title="Geomyidae" volumeTitle="Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe" year="1845">Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe: 5</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9C5DBBC4C2ADB6FD0151BBEF1BC6A8E" pageNumber="859" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="A5CF46B214B67CCD2EC6018196BEFEC8" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis id="E185A6AC6DAFADEAE0BDE1BE025F734B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="859">Genera:</emphasis>
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6 genera with 40 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D10D7383696B0D7DE71A580AA0B6BA22" pageNumber="859">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="2550EBB1C4375EF5F306E4E11E5433B1" authority="Merriam 1895" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Cratogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4A7A6D3554D1A409C4B7B693FC3B546B" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Cratogeomys</emphasis>
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Merriam 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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(8 species with 42 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D1420C6B4E976CA50195A825FAAE716" pageNumber="859">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="19E1F4EC2606E6E92CEB4429EB4DEBF2" authority="Rafinesque 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1271F97F8E048B81619DEEDCA88C2961" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Geomys</emphasis>
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Rafinesque 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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(9 species with 32 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="398F3B6550D94A87C15ED881FF7DFBD8" pageNumber="859">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="5A9EA2C09EE884476C1F6D8AA96CA2E8" authority="Merriam 1895" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39DEE1F19989B8A6A770A08F53E8A581" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Orthogeomys</emphasis>
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Merriam 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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(11 species with 37 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2FC8C56B8EA9E502630C7B6DF83976CF" pageNumber="859">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="FF1DD9D50D0B1C330AA18126C31FB16E" authority="Merriam 1895" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Pappogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AD5BD9D60947BC2A65403AB068655562" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Pappogeomys</emphasis>
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Merriam 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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(2 species with 8 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ED99312F277030FBB697F9063235209E" pageNumber="859">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="9500293A9BCDA45AFBAF2738372A2B24" authority="Wied-Neuwied 1839" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3A880967F92BF82F020E739B04AF1A94" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Thomomys</emphasis>
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Wied-Neuwied 1839
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</taxonomicName>
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(9 species with 232 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F98B9C0530E99E7FD3A65429E25C2EDA" pageNumber="859">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="5549622FDF592C8196F5D88A1FE30893" authority="Merriam 1895" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Zygogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="82C765E9DC858170F415AE79E0DA43A5" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Zygogeomys</emphasis>
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Merriam 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="167D249D840FBC16CF439001C7E051DE" pageNumber="859" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2DAEE7AA9DE19139F0A2F6FE84311FED" pageNumber="859">
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<emphasis id="8BCA90567ED708CED0E8795610D0C291" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="859">Discussion:</emphasis>
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Revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="93CC842AC838803233ECC6ECBCAADF0F" author="Russell, R. J." refId="ref312742" refString="Russell, R. J. 1968 a. Evolution and classification of the pocket gophers of the subfamily Geomyinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 16: 473 - 579." year="1968">
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Russell (1968
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<emphasis id="A1A7E73F8C74382DCE80F6C53FF6158A" italics="true" pageNumber="859">a</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, who placed all Recent genera in one of two tribes in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="FF40A5C572B61977FBBF1E5DBF8993DA" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geomyinae">Geomyinae</taxonomicName>
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: Geomyini (
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<taxonomicName id="CDA65B3599E19D31EEC7DF822DF49982" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="50A1CF1A4A5547B06B6FC9CFCDDCA51F" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Geomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D8FD5F763D2A73339C36ECECD3ABE5E1" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Pappogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8643F47068D60EB10D01EC7A6A5B9CFA" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Pappogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5756B2148082D6CC0E6BA2368573E089" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B6028597D1D2FE0EC9EDE47C626C7E1B" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Orthogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="7F07EE42CBFF20B90952328F325DCCE9" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Zygogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="96E9F93DAA991EB9F7E439F3F0CBFF11" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Zygogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and Thomomyini (
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<taxonomicName id="1271F64916DF10CB83341CEC902BA4A9" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3388D42447A5F0D95B8D2F5233D02C4" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Thomomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); he included
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<taxonomicName id="0C20F4835093327677DBCD758A4BA228" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Macrogeomys">
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<emphasis id="4853F2BBFF9246DA639DCD73B0310377" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Macrogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1379BC147AAE45F2AC59CE37021BD33B" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Heterogeomys">
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<emphasis id="AD928F5035AD6F697719584F0ED9A8CE" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Heterogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="74B432665679D564C03F521A446F5FFA" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F8C1D7625D76C9F55CB39B99A1D880FE" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Orthogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, an action followed by more recent authors (
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<bibRefCitation id="B9A2322051A33E0FCEE23F9BADD317BC" author="Hafner, M. S." refId="ref136664" refString="Hafner, M. S. 1982. A biochemical investigation of geomyoid systematics (Mammalia: Rodentia). Zeitschrift fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 20: 118 - 130." year="1982">Hafner, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="D9B0E91BCE1A5FAE1C80752AD21E97E1" author="Hafner, M. S." refId="ref136697" refString="Hafner, M. S. 1991. Evolutionary genetics and zoogeography of Middle American pocket gophers, genus Orthogeomys. Journal of Mammalogy, 72: 1 - 10." year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="891D268923FCBCC5BC8E55B1EC76FF28" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="086ED34567105F523B2DD98E9A1A84A6" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Cratogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DF61879AB836D4456581F74CCB2BFE7F" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Cratogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4FCF922193272718B583E37250323679" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Pappogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E400EFD206E85872930DBF0F4DF6ECCC" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Pappogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see also
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<bibRefCitation id="2B2AA42DD34726417FE7E53F401B3EA7" author="Russell, R. J." refId="ref312779" refString="Russell, R. J. 1968 b. Revision of pocket gophers of the genus Pappogeomys. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 16: 581 - 776." year="1968">
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Russell, 1968
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<emphasis id="B738147EF5673A0CB04420BF793F8824" italics="true" pageNumber="859">b</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The latter action was accepted by
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<bibRefCitation id="89A1D27936CAC9857834EC82EF0263B4" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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and Patton (1993) but not by J. K.
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<bibRefCitation id="5AA3F3827E8F1B73C2F816D34CA5BE9B" author="Jones, J. K., Jr. & D. C. Carter & H. H. Genoways & R. S. Hoffman & D. W. Rice & C. Jones" refId="ref177074" refString="Jones, J. K., Jr., D. C. Carter, H. H. Genoways, R. S. Hoffman, D. W. Rice, and C. Jones. 1986. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 107: 1 - 22." year="1986">Jones et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="ACC6741CA587FFB383D649D42794A749" author="Lee, H. Y. & R. J. Baker" refId="ref208836" refString="Lee, H. Y., and R. J. Baker. 1987. Cladistical analysis of chromosomal evolution in pocket gophers of the Cratogeomys castanops complex (Rodentia: Geomyidae). Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 114: 1 - 15." year="1987">Lee and Baker (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="F6349671A228D42553844D7081894181" author="Davidow-Henry, B. R. & J. K. Jones, Jr. & R. R. Hollander" refId="ref74221" refString="Davidow-Henry, B. R., J. K. Jones, Jr., and R. R. Hollander. 1989. Cratogeomys castanops. Mammalian Species, 338: 1 - 6." year="1989">Davidow-Henry et al. (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="387BD22D8D60B9D50436E294EEF6DA28" author="Hollander, R. R." refId="ref156670" refString="Hollander, R. R. 1990. Biosystematics of the yellow-faced pocket gopher, Cratogeomys castanops (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in the United States. Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 33: 1 - 62." year="1990">Hollander (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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, and C.
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<bibRefCitation id="DA735E4B931D76437CCB0550083E40F6" author="Jones, C. & R. S. Hoffmann & D. W. Rice & M. D. Engstrom & R. D. Bradley & D. J. Schmidly & C. A. Jones & R. J. Baker" refId="ref175366" refString="Jones, C., R. S. Hoffmann, D. W. Rice, M. D. Engstrom, R. D. Bradley, D. J. Schmidly, C. A. Jones, and R. J. Baker. 1997. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1997. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University, 173: 1 - 19." year="1997">Jones et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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who considered
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<taxonomicName id="1D8BFB9E10416DD5E619BDCB24BCFCE1" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Cratogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5426270624E620108A5712E034DE4553" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Cratogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a separate genus.
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<bibRefCitation id="2E2DF677771C0FCDFBB3CD5CDF481308" author="Hooper, E. T." refId="ref158180" refString="Hooper, E. T. 1946. Two genera of pocket gophers should be congeneric. Journal of Mammalogy, 27: 397 - 399." year="1946">Hooper (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="C6950DD2021F5139A0D951AE5D1052D5" authority="Merriam" authorityName="Merriam" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Platygeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C86EB8AF01178074E8D6FF1F301F1FDA" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Platygeomys</emphasis>
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Merriam
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="A979BEE0210F744E02D25B6BBD99E693" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Cratogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C81B1706D597AF45D85B5C8F1FD0F629" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Cratogeomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="378467D1EAB078BBD821E582F96EF962" author="McKenna, M. C. & S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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included heteromyids as a subfamily within
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<taxonomicName id="487EBD502EDE8DCFB20464FFF8A8502A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geomyidae</taxonomicName>
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; these are excluded here (see comments under Family
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<taxonomicName id="C6176D6490FA598F8B7584DFC7C87854" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Heteromyidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="BFF09520CA5D429EEA9A5FD69445B326" author="Williams, S. L." refId="ref389670" refString="Williams, S. L. 1982 b. The phallus of Recent genera and species of the family Geomyidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 20: 1 - 62." year="1982">
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Williams (1982
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<emphasis id="25EB73FAEB881881178D94542FD714A3" italics="true" pageNumber="859">b</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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reviewed phallic morphology;
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<bibRefCitation id="E039396CD8CD4EC61D5BF8B7743EBB90" author="Hafner, M. S." refId="ref136664" refString="Hafner, M. S. 1982. A biochemical investigation of geomyoid systematics (Mammalia: Rodentia). Zeitschrift fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 20: 118 - 130." year="1982">Hafner (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E2F6439FCD8DCF7EE6C163F4D7802114" author="Honeycutt, R. L. & S. L. Williams" refId="ref157604" refString="Honeycutt, R. L., and S. L. Williams. 1982. Genic differentiation in pocket gophers of the genus Pappogeomys, with comments on intergeneric relationships in the subfamily Geomyinae. Journal of Mammalogy, 63: 208 - 217." year="1982">Honeycutt and Williams (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="F358912A3828EB0AC4239E8F35E2B42E" author="Hafner, M. S. & P. D. Sudman & F. X. Villablanca & T. A. Spradling & J. W. Demastes & S. A. Nadler" refId="ref136913" refString="Hafner, M. S., P. D. Sudman, F. X. Villablanca, T. A. Spradling, J. W. Demastes, and S. A. Nadler. 1994 b. Disparate rates of molecular evolution in co-speciating hosts and parasites. Science, 265: 1087 - 1090." year="1994">
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Hafner et al. (1994
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<emphasis id="08E3D701D182B93CFA665AD58A6D91A7" italics="true" pageNumber="859">b</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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reported on phylogenetic relationships based on biochemical characters; and
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<bibRefCitation id="63AAE0BC6A89B6A767E046F10CDF2DCA" author="Wahlert, J. H." refId="ref380046" refString="Wahlert, J. H. 1985. Skull morphology and relationships of geomyoid rodents. American Museum Novitates, 2812: 1 - 20." year="1985">Wahlert (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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provided a classification of the superfamily
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<taxonomicName id="DFDDE3B4E35D148D2B945B48CE70031E" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Geomyoidea">Geomyoidea</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<taxonomicName id="D37EE70BBFF52848697E6E45B70034DE" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geomyidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="7778119557CA0D033175AC9614EE4E5D" author="Russell, R. J." refId="ref312742" refString="Russell, R. J. 1968 a. Evolution and classification of the pocket gophers of the subfamily Geomyinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 16: 473 - 579." year="1968">
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Russell (1968
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<emphasis id="40305801522A41B2E3E51EB31DA185DA" italics="true" pageNumber="859">a</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="8557270216C1F8E6B2F19F81E39C4001" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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provided keys to Recent genera.
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<bibRefCitation id="F4AE130182050A097B1B06F22C47B72F" author="Korth, W. W." refId="ref194732" refString="Korth, W. W. 1994. The Tertiary record of rodents in North America. Topics in Geobiology, vol. 12. Plenum Press, New York, 319 pp." year="1994">Korth (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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summarized the fossil record and provided a classification of fossil taxa. Species boundaries within all pocket gopher genera are often difficult to define because of the characteristic allopatric distributions of named taxa (see Patton, 1990) and because of the common discordances among character data sets (see
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|
<bibRefCitation id="140FFE274138EF51180FEE3F876866FB" author="Patton, J. L. & M. F. Smith" refId="ref276324" refString="Patton, J. L., and M. F. Smith. 1994. Paraphyly, polyphyly, and the nature of species boundaries in pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). Systematic Zoology, 43: 11 - 26." year="1994">Patton and Smith, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). As a result, the history of pocket gopher systematics has been one where early on new taxa were described as separate species followed by a period of aggregation of names as subspecies or as simple synonyms (see, for example,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="01D8306287712A05ABDE8D4CA2B5D188" author="Anderson, S." refId="ref9015" refString="Anderson, S. 1966. Taxonomy of gophers, especially Thomomys in Chihuahua, Mexico. Systematic Zoology, 15: 189 - 198." year="1966">Anderson, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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, for a history of the allocation of names in the genus
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|
<taxonomicName id="DCDC8BD64919B0C66FDF5BBE1E521B3C" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66AFCFE10827075D8AB24E1B95D37D65" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Thomomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
). Applications of chromosomal and, more recently, molecular genetic methods have begun to reverse this historical trend, and will undoubtedly continue to do so. These methodologies, along with a shift in the species concept used by systematists to one emphasizing phyletic principles, will undoubtedly result in the elevation of several of the synonyms listed for some species below to full species status in the future. This trend is already evident, for example, in the species now recognized for
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|
<taxonomicName id="1BAF281D05B14637117787D082417C3B" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FADFDE7F047132D994BFA32DA2DB7F2" italics="true" pageNumber="859">Geomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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relative to those listed in Patton (1993). In the accounts that follow, names listed under "synonyms" that were considered distinct species at the time of their original description are indicated by an asterisk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |