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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432" ID-PMC="PMC4611750" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-56-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFEE0A50AE636B149C7FFFF9E92EFF97" ID-PubMed="26491388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576309" ModsDocID="1314-2003-56-83" checkinTime="1451251355077" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sulistyo, Bobby P., Boos, Ronny, Cootes, James E. &amp; Gravendeel, Barbara" docDate="2015" docId="1699BAE2A99F5073A99546B33422EFB5" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 56: 83-97" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 56" docPubDate="2015-10-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432" docTitle="Dendrochilum hampelii Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFEE0A50AE636B149C7FFFF9E92EFF97" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFEE0A50AE636B149C7FFFF9E92EFF97" masterDocTitle="Dendrochilum hampelii (Coelogyninae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) traded as ' Big Pink' is a new species, not a hybrid: evidence from nrITS, mat K and ycf 1 sequence data" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1668141472041" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Dendrochilum hampelii (Coelogyninae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) traded as ' Big Pink' is a new species, not a hybrid: evidence from nrITS, mat K and ycf 1 sequence data</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sulistyo, Bobby P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands &amp; University of Applied Sciences Arnhem and Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Boos, Ronny</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cootes, James E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gravendeel, Barbara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands &amp; University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands &amp; Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">barbara.gravendeel@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-10-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>56</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>83</mods:start>
<mods:end>97</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-56-83</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFEE0A50AE636B149C7FFFF9E92EFF97</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576309</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182227718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1699BAE2A99F5073A99546B33422EFB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1699BAE2A99F5073A99546B33422EFB5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName LSID="1699BAE2-A99F-5073-A995-46B33422EFB5" authority="Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes" authorityName="Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes" authorityYear="2015" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum hampelii" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hampelii" status="sp. nov.">Dendrochilum hampelii Sulistyo, Gravend., R.Boos &amp; Cootes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="89">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dendrochilum hampelii: a habit b floral bract c flower d flower (sepals and petals removed) e dorsal sepal f petal g lateral sepal h labellum i column, front view j anther k pollinia. Drawing by Esmee Winkel based on Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654 (L! [spirit no. WAG 0116920])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/58926" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dendrochilum hampelii: A portion of inflorescence of cultivated pinkish salmon-coloured form B habit. Photographs by Lubbert Westra of Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654 (L! [spirit no. WAG 0116920]) C portion of inflorescence of pale yellow-coloured form of a plant growing in the wild in the Philippines in the Misamis Oriental province of the island of Mindanao. Photograph by James Cootes." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/58927" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">, 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
Sine loco et anno,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Perry 490</emphasis>
(holotype L!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
This new species is similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ames" authorityYear="1920" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum propinquum" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="propinquum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Dendrochilum propinquum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ames, but is distinguished by its larger flowers with petals proportionally broader (1.4-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) than the sepals, a broadly cordate labellum (6.8-8.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.2-7.6 m) and acute stelidia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
Medium-sized, tufted epiphytic herb.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Roots</emphasis>
appearing from the rhizome, ca. 2.7 mm in diameter.
<taxonomicName genus="Pseudobulbs" lsidName="Pseudobulbs" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Pseudobulbs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tightly clustered on a short rhizome, fusiform, 3.5-5.0 cm long, 0.5-1.4 cm in diameter, longitudinally striated when dry, 1-leaved, initially covered by ca. 3 imperfectly to nearly perfectly tubular, rounded to acute cataphylls that soon disintegrate into persistent fibers.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Leaves</emphasis>
convolute, dorsiventrally flattened, petiolate; petiole channeled, 3.0-4.5 cm long; lamina (ob)lanceolate, obtuse, 13.0-20.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.7-5 cm, subcoriaceous, with 7-8 distinct (and many indistinct) nerves.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Inflorescence</emphasis>
synanthous, racemose; peduncle suberect, arched, slender, somewhat flattened, 18.0-21.2 cm long, sparsely and finely setose; rachis pendent with distichously alternating flowers (but the rachis axis twisted so as to produce a cylindrical inflorescence), many-flowered with internodes of 3-7 mm, somewhat furrowed, 20.0-27.5 cm long, sparsely and finely setose, basally with 1 appressed non-floriferous bract; flowering starting from the proximal part of the rachis.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Floral bracts</emphasis>
glumaceous, broadly lanceolate to (ovate-)oblong when flattened, obtuse to acute, 4.0-9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.2-4.3 mm, entire,
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="90" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
- to 19-nerved from the base, finely setose on the dorsal side.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Flowers</emphasis>
non-resupinate, pinkish salmon-coloured (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dendrochilum hampelii: A portion of inflorescence of cultivated pinkish salmon-coloured form B habit. Photographs by Lubbert Westra of Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654 (L! [spirit no. WAG 0116920]) C portion of inflorescence of pale yellow-coloured form of a plant growing in the wild in the Philippines in the Misamis Oriental province of the island of Mindanao. Photograph by James Cootes." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/58927" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">4A-B</figureCitation>
) or pale yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dendrochilum hampelii: A portion of inflorescence of cultivated pinkish salmon-coloured form B habit. Photographs by Lubbert Westra of Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654 (L! [spirit no. WAG 0116920]) C portion of inflorescence of pale yellow-coloured form of a plant growing in the wild in the Philippines in the Misamis Oriental province of the island of Mindanao. Photograph by James Cootes." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/58927" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">4C</figureCitation>
) with yellow anther.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Sepals</emphasis>
recurved with revolute margins, entire, obtuse to rounded, minutely mucronate, glabrous, 3- to 5-veined from the base; dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong, 8.7-11.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-3.7 mm when flattened; lateral sepals ovate-oblong, slightly oblique, 8.1-10.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.7-4.0 mm when flattened.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Petals</emphasis>
recurved with flat margins, broadly (ovate-)elliptic, often with a subbasal fold in either side, rounded to acute, 8.4-11.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.4-5.7 mm, 1.4-1.5 times as wide as the sepals, entire, glabrous, 3- to 5-veined from the base.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Labellum</emphasis>
firmly attached, sessile, describing a right to obtuse angle to the column, flat, broadly cordate with entire margins, acute to short-acuminate, 6.8-8.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.2-7.6 mm, without ornaments, glabrous and smooth, 5- to 7-veined from the base.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Column</emphasis>
suberect, straight, semiterete, 1.7-2.1 mm long, smooth, distally prolonged into a truncate to obscurely 3-lobed wing that distinctly exceeds the anther; stelidia appearing from the distal part of column proper, erect, falcately triangular-oblong, acute, subequal to the apical wing; anther circular to transversely elliptic in upper view, rounded in front, lobed at the back, with a small wart on top; pollinia 4, ellipsoid, devoid of caudicles; rostellum slightly protruding, flat, semicircular; fertile stigma part crescent-shaped, concave.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Ovary</emphasis>
(including pedicel) subterete, slightly longitudinally furrowed, twisted through 180°, distally incurved, 3.8-4.5 mm long, glabrous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Fruit</emphasis>
not seen.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="966638" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/58926" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes" authorityYear="2015" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum hampelii" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hampelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Dendrochilum hampelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">a</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">b</emphasis>
floral bract
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">c</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">d</emphasis>
flower (sepals and petals removed)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">e</emphasis>
dorsal sepal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">f</emphasis>
petal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">g</emphasis>
lateral sepal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">h</emphasis>
labellum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">i</emphasis>
column, front view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">j</emphasis>
anther
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">k</emphasis>
pollinia. Drawing by Esmee Winkel based on
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654</emphasis>
(L! [spirit no. WAG0116920]).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="966640" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/58927" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes" authorityYear="2015" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum hampelii" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hampelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Dendrochilum hampelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
portion of inflorescence of cultivated pinkish salmon-coloured form
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">B</emphasis>
habit. Photographs by Lubbert Westra of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654</emphasis>
(L! [spirit no. WAG0116920])
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">C</emphasis>
portion of inflorescence of pale yellow-coloured form of a plant growing in the wild in the Philippines in the Misamis Oriental province of the island of Mindanao. Photograph by James Cootes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<collectingCountry name="Philippines">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
? Sine loco et anno,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">sine coll./cult. Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654</emphasis>
(L! [spirit no. WAG0116920]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">The specific epiphet honours Georg Hampel, who was one of the first to provide us with study material of the newly described species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="distribution and ecology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
The species occurs in the wild in the Philippines in the northern provinces of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental on the island of Mindanao (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dendrochilum hampelii: A portion of inflorescence of cultivated pinkish salmon-coloured form B habit. Photographs by Lubbert Westra of Hort. bot. Leiden 20130654 (L! [spirit no. WAG 0116920]) C portion of inflorescence of pale yellow-coloured form of a plant growing in the wild in the Philippines in the Misamis Oriental province of the island of Mindanao. Photograph by James Cootes." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5432.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/58927" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">4C</figureCitation>
). It grows as an epiphyte at elevations approximately 1,200 m above sea level among mosses on the trunks and branches of trees. Fresh flowers of plants observed in the wild were pale yellow whereas fresh flowers of the cultivated plants studied were pinkish salmon-coloured. We do not consider this reason to describe them as a different variety or forma as color dimorphism is known to occur in other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth., J.Linn.Soc. &amp; Bot" authorityYear="1881" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Coelogyninae">Coelogyninae</taxonomicName>
as well (
<bibRefCitation author="Gravendeel, B" journalOrPublisher="Grafische Vormgeving Kanters, Sliedrecht" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 208" refId="B13" refString="Gravendeel, B, 2000. Reorganising the orchid genus Coelogyne - a phylogenetic classification based on molecules and morphology. Grafische Vormgeving Kanters, Sliedrecht: 1 - 208" title="Reorganising the orchid genus Coelogyne - a phylogenetic classification based on molecules and morphology" year="2000">Gravendeel 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="reproductive biology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Reproductive biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
The live plant in Leiden flowered in mid-December. Attempts to pollinate flowers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes" authorityYear="2015" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum hampelii" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hampelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Dendrochilum hampelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were made using pollinia from the same flower and pollinia from a different flower in the same inflorescence. None of these efforts led to fruit formation. This indicates that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes" authorityYear="2015" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum hampelii" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hampelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Dendrochilum hampelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably self-incompatible, as previously demonstrated for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pfitzer" authorityYear="1907" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum longibracteatum" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longibracteatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Dendrochilum longibracteatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pfitzer (
<bibRefCitation author="Pedersen, HAe" journalOrPublisher="Lindleyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="19 - 28" refId="B22" refString="Pedersen, HAe, 1995. Anthecological observations on Dendrochilum longibracteatum -a species pollinated by facultatively anthophilous insects. Lindleyana 10: 19 - 28" title="Anthecological observations on Dendrochilum longibracteatum - a species pollinated by facultatively anthophilous insects." volume="10" year="1995">Pedersen 1995</bibRefCitation>
), although it should be noted that experimental pollination was severely challenged by the small size of the stigmatic cavity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
Although the species occurs in cultivation we as yet know very little about the distribution and abundance of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sulistyo, Gravend., R. Boos &amp; Cootes" authorityYear="2015" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrochilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrochilum hampelii" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hampelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Dendrochilum hampelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the wild. As such, we recommend the species to be considered for the Data Deficient category of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" refId="B18" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN red list of threatened species categories and criteria, vers. 3.1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" title="IUCN red list of threatened species categories and criteria, vers. 3.1" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>