615 lines
76 KiB
XML
615 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="17DD2F51FDF2A7D03FBFC61275614649">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2BF7340FEECCB802A01A6CF4C53E36C">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8A0DF036B81D29B561EF9CACF62C4DA">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="80591E751C23FE949D2938A82C4ACA79">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3575B2ECC357D9A6664FCDCCE25AD01E">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA7E0A18FF54FCC9FCBD5864" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064221" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064221" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA7E0A18FF54FCC9FCBD5864" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA7E0A18FF54FCC9FCBD5864" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA7E0A1AFF54FCC9FDD35985" box="[151,578,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7E0A1AFF54FCC9FDD35985" blockId="77.[151,578,870,897]" box="[151,578,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA7E0A1AFF54FCC9FDD35985" bold="true" box="[151,578,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFF54FCC9FDD35985" authority="Liston" authorityName="Liston" box="[151,578,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi" subGenus="Cellia">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFF54FCC9FDD35985" bold="true" box="[151,578,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFF54FCC9FE875984" bold="true" box="[151,278,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFEE4FCC9FEFE5984" bold="true" box="[295,367,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cellia</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFE43FCC9FE7B5984" bold="true" box="[384,490,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">turkhudi</emphasis>
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Liston
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA7E0A1AFF54FC04FD965E3B" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7E0A1AFF54FC04FC5C59E7" blockId="77.[151,1436,939,1086]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFEC9FC04FDE959C6" authority="Saliternik & Theodor, 1942" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[266,632,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFEC9FC04FECF59C6" bold="true" box="[266,350,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">telamali</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFEA7FC04FDE959C6" author="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O." box="[356,632,939,963]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref176953" refString="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O. (1942) On a new variety of Anopheles turkhudi from Palestine. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India, 4 (4), 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="1942">Saliternik & Theodor, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFCB0FC04FB2C59C6" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[883,1213,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="turkhudi" variety="telamali">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFCB0FC04FBA859C6" box="[883,1081,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Anopheles turkhudi</emphasis>
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var.
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFBA9FC04FB2C59C6" box="[1130,1213,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">telamali</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(subspecific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFF04FC65FE5D59E7" author="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M." box="[199,460,970,994]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref158836" refString="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M. (2007) Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1542 (1), 35 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1542.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Harbach & Howard 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFDA6FC65FD0C59E7" box="[613,669,970,994]" name="Israel" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFD69FC65FC5059E7" author="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O." box="[682,961,970,994]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref176953" refString="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O. (1942) On a new variety of Anopheles turkhudi from Palestine. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India, 4 (4), 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="1942">Saliternik & Theodor 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7E0A1AFF54FC47FD965E3B" blockId="77.[151,1436,939,1086]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFEC9FC47FE785E05" authority="Liston, 1901" authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="1901" box="[266,489,1000,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFEC9FC47FEF75E05" bold="true" box="[266,358,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">turkhudi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFEAFFC47FE785E05" author="Liston, W. G." box="[364,489,1000,1024]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="361 - 366" refId="ref166113" refString="Liston, W. G. (1901) A year's experience of the habits of Anopheles in Ellichpur. The description of the species of Anopheles found in Ellichpur during the year. Indian Medical Gazette, 36, 361 - 366 + 441 - 443, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1901">Liston, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFD24FC47FC3C5E05" authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="1901" box="[743,941,1000,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFD24FC47FC3C5E05" box="[743,941,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Anopheles turkhudi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFB83FC47FB2E5E05" box="[1088,1215,1000,1024]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFB04FC47FA875E05" box="[1223,1302,1000,1024]" name="Algeria" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFAE3FC47FA085E05" box="[1312,1433,1000,1024]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFF04FBA8FE8F5E1A" box="[199,286,1031,1055]" name="Djibouti" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFEE4FBA7FEF75E25" box="[295,358,1032,1056]" name="Egypt" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFEACFBA8FE265E1A" box="[367,439,1031,1055]" name="Eritrea" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFE7CFBA8FD895E1A" box="[447,536,1031,1055]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFDE3FBA8FDC65E1A" box="[544,599,1031,1055]" name="India" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFDA3FBA7FD1A5E1A" box="[608,651,1032,1055]" name="Iran" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Iran</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFD57FBA7FD2E5E1A" box="[660,703,1032,1055]" name="Iraq" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFD0BFBA8FC925E1A" box="[712,771,1031,1055]" name="Israel" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Israel</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFCCFFBA8FCC35E1A" box="[780,850,1031,1055]" name="Jordan" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFC98FBA7FC285E1A" box="[859,953,1032,1055]" name="Morocco" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFC02FBA8FB915E1A" box="[961,1024,1031,1055]" name="Nepal" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFBCAFBA8FBF35E1A" box="[1033,1122,1031,1055]" name="Pakistan" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFBA9FBA8FB615E1A" box="[1130,1264,1031,1055]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFB3BFBA8FADF5E1A" box="[1272,1358,1031,1055]" name="Somalia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFA95FBA8FA095E1A" box="[1366,1432,1031,1055]" name="Sudan" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFF04FB89FE9F5E38" box="[199,270,1062,1085]" name="Yemen" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFED8FB89FE6A5E3B" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[283,507,1062,1086]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFE48FB88FE295E3B" box="[395,440,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA7E0A1AFF54FBC3FCB85C33" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7E0A1AFF54FBC3FCB85C33" blockId="77.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFF54FBC3FE765E83" box="[151,487,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFF54FBC3FEE05E83" box="[151,369,1132,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="turkhudi">Anopheles turkhudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA7E0A1AFEB4FBC2FE765E83" box="[375,487,1132,1158]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
comprises the nominate form, subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFC7FFBC3FB895E83" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[956,1048,1132,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFC7FFBC3FB895E83" box="[956,1048,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and four synonyms. It ranges from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFF54FB3FFF4B5EAF" box="[151,218,1168,1194]" name="Nepal" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Darsie & Pradham 1990),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFDCFFB3FFDD95EAF" box="[524,584,1168,1194]" name="India" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFD90FB3FFD475EAF" box="[595,726,1168,1194]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFD20FB3FFC205EAF" author="Bashar, K. & Mahmud, K. H. & Reza, M. S. & Goda, P. & Rain, F. F. & Jesmin, M. & Asaduzzaman" box="[739,945,1168,1195]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="211 - 224" refId="ref144414" refString="Bashar, K., Mahmud, K. H., Reza, M. S., Goda, P., Rain, F. F., Jesmin, M. & Asaduzzaman. (2013) Revised checklist and distributions maps of Anopheles (Insecta: Diptera, Culicidae: Anophelinae) mosquitoes of Bangladesh. Check List, 9 (2), 211 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 9.2.211" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Bashar
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFCFBFB3EFCF85EAF" box="[824,873,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), southwestern Asia (not currently recorded, however, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFE80FB1BFE0E5ECB" box="[323,415,1204,1230]" name="Bahrain" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Bahrain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFE68FB1BFE6E5ECB" box="[427,511,1204,1230]" name="Cyprus" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFDC8FB1BFDF15ECB" box="[523,608,1204,1230]" name="Kuwait" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFDAFFB1BFD405ECB" box="[620,721,1204,1230]" name="Lebanon" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFD1EFB1BFC8A5ECB" box="[733,795,1204,1230]" name="Syria" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFCE5FB1BFCE65ECB" box="[806,887,1204,1230]" name="Turkey" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFC40FB1BFC505ECB" box="[899,961,1204,1230]" name="Qatar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Qatar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFBE0FB1BFBE35ECB" box="[1059,1138,1204,1230]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">U.A.E.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFB42FB1BFA935ECB" author="Glick, J. I." box="[1153,1282,1204,1230]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="125 - 153" refId="ref156974" refString="Glick, J. I. (1992) Illustrated key to the female Anopheles of southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 24 (2), 125 - 153." type="journal article" year="1992">Glick 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Saharan Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFF2CFB77FDB05EF7" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[239,545,1240,1266]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is a member of the Cinereus Group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFBA7FB77FA055EF7" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[1124,1428,1240,1266]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the Paramyzomyia Series (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFE27FB53FCA95F13" author="Christophers, S. R. & Barraud, P. J." box="[484,824,1276,1302]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="161 - 192" refId="ref148128" refString="Christophers, S. R. & Barraud, P. J. (1931) The eggs of Indian Anopheles, with descriptions of the hitherto undescribed eggs of a number of species. Records of the Malaria Survey of India, 2 (1), 161 - 192, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1931">Christophers & Barraud 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which also includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFBF7FB53FAFB5F13" authority="Ribeiro, 1969" authorityName="Ribeiro" authorityYear="1969" box="[1076,1386,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azevedoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFBF7FB53FB555F13" box="[1076,1220,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An. azevedoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFB0FFB53FAFB5F13" author="Ribeiro, H." box="[1228,1386,1276,1302]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="113 - 123" refId="ref174856" refString="Ribeiro, H. (1969) Research on the mosquitoes of Angola. IV - Description of Anopheles (Cellia) azevedoi sp. nov. (Diptera, Culicidae). Anais da Escola Nacional de Saude Publica e de Medicina Tropical, 3 (1 / 4), 113 - 123." type="journal article" year="1969">Ribeiro, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFAB5FB53FE2C5F3F" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFAB5FB53FF645F3F" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An. cinereus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFF3DFA8FFE2C5F3F" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[254,445,1312,1338]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFE3BFA8FFCED5F3F" authority="(Theobald, 1903a)" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[504,892,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFE3BFA8FFD0F5F3F" box="[504,670,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An. hispaniola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFD6CFA8FFCE55F3F" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[687,884,1312,1338]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larvae of species of the Cinereus Group have laterally oriented palatal brushes and eggs without floats (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFCA1FAEBFC615F5B" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[866,1008,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFCA1FAEBFC615F5B" box="[866,1008,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An. cinereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above). However, we are not certain this applies to the palatal brushes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFDFFFAC7FD5C5F87" authorityName="Ribeiro" authorityYear="1969" box="[572,717,1384,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azevedoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFDFFFAC7FDCA5F87" box="[572,603,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFDA8FAC7FD5C5F87" box="[619,717,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">azevedoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFCC4FAC7FC3D5F87" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[775,940,1384,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFCC4FAC7FCB75F87" box="[775,806,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFCF5FAC7FC3D5F87" box="[822,940,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">hispaniola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFC7FFAC7FB6C5F87" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[956,1277,1384,1410]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFAB5FAC7FF645FA3" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFAB5FAC7FA045F87" box="[1398,1429,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFF54FA22FF645FA3" box="[151,245,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">cinereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that the “eggs hang vertically in the water and sink readily. Loss of the float is thought to be adaptive to oviposition among the filamentous algae on which the larvae feed by means of specialized mouthparts.” Also, the larvae typically orient vertically, as do most non-anophelines, probably facilitated by lack of palmate setae on the first few abdominal segments. We also noted this combination of palatal brush orientation and eggs without floats in
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFF77F9B3FF4A5C33" box="[180,219,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">An.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFF29F9B3FE8E5C33" box="[234,287,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFF29F9B3FE8A5C33" authorityName="Vršanský" authorityYear="2020" box="[234,283,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Liberiblattinidae" genus="Ano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ano</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7E0A1AFEECF9B3FD0B5C32" authority="Levi-Castillo, 1945" authorityName="Levi-Castillo" authorityYear="1945" box="[303,666,1564,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivadeneirai">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7E0A1AFEECF9B3FE285C33" box="[303,441,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">rivadeneirai</emphasis>
|
||
Levi-Castillo, 1945
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA7E0A19FF04F9EFFC225B44" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7E0A1AFF04F9EFFD615DC7" blockId="77.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EDA3C86BA7E0A1AFF04F9EFFD7D5DC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4134363312" collectionCode="R" country="India" county="The" location="The" municipality="Ellichpur" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="R1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="9B6D6000BA7E0A1AFF04F9EFFF625C5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA7E0A18FF54FCC9FCBD5864:9B6D6000BA7E0A1AFF04F9EFFF625C5F" box="[199,243,1600,1626]" country="India" county="The" municipality="Ellichpur" name="The" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">The</location>
|
||
nominotypical subspecies was described from a female from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7E69ACA1BA7E0A1AFC70F9EFFB8C5C5F" box="[947,1053,1600,1626]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ellichpur</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7E0A1AFBEAF9EFFBF25C5F" box="[1065,1123,1600,1626]" name="India" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
[Amaraoti District, Central Provinces; also called The Deccan].
|
||
<collectingCounty id="776C4E57BA7E0A1AFDE8F9CBFDC65C7B" box="[555,599,1636,1662]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
number of specimens examined was not stated; only the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA7E0A1AFB0CF9CBFAA05C7B" box="[1231,1329,1636,1662]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7E0A1AFF5CF927FEC85CA7" author="Townsend, B. C." box="[159,345,1672,1698]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="35 - 152" refId="ref182830" refString="Townsend, B. C. (1990) Culicidae. In: Townsend, B. C., Chainey, J. E., Crosskey, R. W., Pont, A. C., Lane, R. P., Boorman, J. P. T. & Crouch, C. A. (Eds.), A catalogue of the types of bloodsucking flies in the British Museum (Natural History), Natural History Museum, London, pp. 35 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1990">Townsend 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In summary: Wing with six costal pale spots, including one at apex [basal] pale, prehumeral pale and accessory sector pale spots not present; vein
|
||
<specimenCode id="CE149EA0BA7E0A1AFD3DF902FC885CC9" box="[766,793,1709,1740]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA7E0A1AFCD2F911FC885CC9" attach="left" box="[785,793,1726,1740]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">1</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
with corresponding pale spots, lacking the humeral pale but including an accessory sector pale not continuous with the costa; vein M white-scaled at base; vein 1A with a single white-scaled area [size and position not stated]; pale fringe spots present at ends of all veins except 1A; maxillary palpus with three white bands at articulations of palpomeres 2–3, 3–4 and 4–5, apex of palpomere 5 dark [description stated pale spot present at middle of terminal segment but subsequent descriptions and illustrations show palpomere 5 dark apically, white basally; a key character]; thorax covered with white [slender] scales arranged in lines along median and sublateral areas, lateral areas with brown scales often tipped with white scales; legs dark except for white scales at apices of femora and tibiae
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7E0A19FF04F863FC225B44" blockId="77.[151,1437,1132,2023]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Other characters mentioned in the literature for species in the Cinereus Group are as follow: Larvae with stout dorsal head setae, 2–4-C single, 5–7-C with few branches, 8-C single or double, and 9,10-M plumose; leaflets of the palmate setae short with irregular shoulders and short median filaments.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FBC1FF14FB3F5AD0" author="Senevet, G." box="[1026,1198,187,213]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="17 - 112" refId="ref177471" refString="Senevet, G. (1931) Contribution a l'etude des nymphes d'anophelines (2 e Memoire). Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 9 (1), 17 - 112." type="journal article" year="1931">Senevet (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the lateral margin of the pupal paddle with short blunt tooth-like serration. There is variability of possible note on two wing veins: The costa with or without humeral and presector pale spots, and vein 1A either mostly pale with dark spots at ends, mostly dark-scaled or apical half dark with small basal dark spot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA7D0A18FF04FEE4FCBD5864" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7D0A19FF04FEE4FAEC5838" blockId="78.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FEFFFEE4FDD25B60" authority="Patton, 1905" authorityName="Patton" authorityYear="1905" box="[316,579,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Liberiblattinidae" genus="Ano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azriki">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEFFFEE4FECA5B60" box="[316,347,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEA8FEE4FE3A5B60" box="[363,427,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">azriki</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FE77FEE4FDD25B60" author="Patton, W. S." box="[436,579,330,357]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="623 - 637" refId="ref172752" refString="Patton, W. S. (1905) The culicid fauna of the Aden Hinterland, their haunts and habits. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16 (4), 623 - 637, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1905">Patton, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FCCDFEE4FCFC5B60" box="[782,877,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FCCDFEE4FCFC5B60" box="[782,877,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Edwards in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FBE6FEE4FB3A5B60" author="Evans, A. M." box="[1061,1195,331,357]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref155212" refString="Evans, A. M. (1938) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. II. - Anophelini adults and early stages. British Museum (Natural History), London, x, 404 pp." type="book" year="1938">Evans 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was described from the Aziriki spring near D’thala [West
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FD86FEC0FC855B8C" box="[581,788,367,393]" name="Yemen" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Aden Protectorate</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FCE3FEC0FCE45B8C" box="[800,885,367,393]" name="Yemen" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
]. It was distinguished as having five white scale spots on the costa, vein M with two black spots, one at base and the other at apex, and no pale fringe spots at the ends of primary veins. The observed lack of pale fringe spots can be explained by difficulty seeing them on a pale wing, especially without proper illumination. Edwards, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FCF0FE74FC5F5BF0" author="Evans, A. M." box="[819,974,475,501]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref155212" refString="Evans, A. M. (1938) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. II. - Anophelini adults and early stages. British Museum (Natural History), London, x, 404 pp." type="book" year="1938">Evans (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, stated: “The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FBACFE74FA975BF0" box="[1135,1286,475,501]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="variety" variety="azriki">
|
||
variety
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FB05FE74FA975BF0" box="[1222,1286,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">azriki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FF54FE50FEE6581C" author="Christophers, S. R." box="[151,375,511,537]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref148077" refString="Christophers, S. R. (1933) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. IV. Family Culicidae. Tribe Anophelini. Taylor and Francis, London, vi + (iii) + 371 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1933">Christophers [1933]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA7D0A19FDEDFE50FDCF581C" box="[558,606,511,537]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
only in having the wing-fringe entirely dark, but the fringe-spots are in any case faint, and as suggested by Christophers,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FD50FD8CFD425838" authorityName="Patton" authorityYear="1905" box="[659,723,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Liberiblattinidae" genus="Ano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azriki">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FD50FD8CFD425838" box="[659,723,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">azriki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably not a true variety, but merely another synonym.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7D0A19FF04FDE8FC7F58F4" blockId="78.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FEF8FDE8FD1B5864" authority="Edwards, 1921 c" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1921" box="[315,650,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Liberiblattinidae" genus="Ano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEF8FDE8FECB5864" box="[315,346,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEAAFDE8FE5C5864" box="[361,461,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">flaviceps</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FE16FDE8FD1B5864" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[469,650,583,609]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="69 - 80" refId="ref153602" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1921 c) Mosquito notes. - II. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12 (1), 69 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300044874" type="journal article" year="1921">Edwards, 1921c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FC90FDE8FC235864" box="[851,946,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FC90FDE8FC235864" box="[851,946,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Edwards in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FBA4FDE8FB7C5864" author="Evans, A. M." box="[1127,1261,583,609]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref155212" refString="Evans, A. M. (1938) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. II. - Anophelini adults and early stages. British Museum (Natural History), London, x, 404 pp." type="book" year="1938">Evans 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was described from Erkowit,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FE87FDC4FE1F5880" box="[324,398,619,645]" name="Sudan" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FD0EFDC4FCBD5880" box="[717,812,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FD0EFDC4FCBD5880" box="[717,812,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having about five rather narrow aedeagal leaflets, instead of 12–15 broader ones; claspette with a more basally situated club than
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FBDDFD20FB6958AC" box="[1054,1272,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FBDDFD20FBEC58AC" box="[1054,1149,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="turkhudi">turkhudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA7D0A19FB46FD20FB6958AC" box="[1157,1272,655,681]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, with one seta about as long as the club and another smaller seta, in contrast to various descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FB41FD1CFB7058C8" box="[1154,1249,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FB41FD1CFB7058C8" box="[1154,1249,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have the claspette with one seta twice as long as the club and two much shorter setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7D0A19FF04FD54FAE3593C" blockId="78.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FEF4FD54FDE65910" authority="Edwards, 1921 d" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1921" box="[311,631,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Liberiblattinidae" genus="Ano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEF4FD54FEC75910" box="[311,342,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEA0FD54FE2E5911" box="[355,447,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">persicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FE06FD54FDE65910" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[453,631,763,789]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="263 - 351" refId="ref153643" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1921 d) A revision of the mosquitos of the Palaearctic Region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12 (3), 263 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300040207" type="journal article" year="1921">Edwards, 1921d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FCE2FD54FC7F5910" author="Christophers, S. R." box="[801,1006,763,789]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref148077" refString="Christophers, S. R. (1933) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. IV. Family Culicidae. Tribe Anophelini. Taylor and Francis, London, vi + (iii) + 371 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1933">Christophers 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was described from East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FACEFD54FAC05910" box="[1293,1361,763,789]" name="Iran" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Persia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FA9EFD54FA005910" box="[1373,1425,763,789]" name="Iran" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
]. Christophers dismissed the proposed name since its very short description was based on a single damaged male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7D0A19FF04FCECFB1859CC" blockId="78.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FEF8FCECFDFB5958" authority="de Burca, 1943" authorityName="de Burca" authorityYear="1943" box="[315,618,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Liberiblattinidae" genus="Ano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amutis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEF8FCECFECB5958" box="[315,346,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEA9FCECFE245959" box="[362,437,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">amutis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FE7EFCECFDFB5958" author="de Burca, B." box="[445,618,835,861]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="233 - 234" refId="ref150780" refString="de Burca, B. (1943) A new species of Anopheles from East Africa. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India, 5 (2), 233 - 234." type="journal article" year="1943">de Burca, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FCDDFCECFBDC5958" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[798,1101,835,861]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was described from a single male from Seganeiti,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FE4AFCC8FE485984" box="[393,473,871,897]" name="Eritrea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The corresponding larva, however, was a different species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FBBEFCC8FF4E59A0" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FBBEFCC8FAB45985" box="[1149,1317,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An. squamosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FAE8FCC8FF4E59A0" author="Theobald, F. V." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. De Burca noted that vein 1A was mainly pale and that pale fringe spots were absent. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FB3EFC24FAE359A0" box="[1277,1394,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FB3EFC24FAE359A0" box="[1277,1394,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typically much paler than females, making comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FCE1FC00FC0659CC" box="[802,919,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FCE1FC00FC0659CC" box="[802,919,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females problematic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7D0A19FF04FC7CFDD15CB8" blockId="78.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FE8EFC7CFE3859E8" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[333,425,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE8EFC7CFE3859E8" box="[333,425,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected at Tel Amal, Plain of Esdraelon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FC0CFC7CFB9C59E8" box="[975,1037,979,1005]" name="Israel" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
and described based on characters from
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA7D0A19FF10FC58FEDF5E14" box="[211,334,1015,1041]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="larva">four larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA7D0A19FE9BFC58FE2F5E14" box="[344,446,1015,1041]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA7D0A19FDEDFC58FD245E14" box="[558,693,1015,1041]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FD01FC58FC605E14" author="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O." box="[706,1009,1015,1041]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref176953" refString="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O. (1942) On a new variety of Anopheles turkhudi from Palestine. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India, 4 (4), 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="1942">Saliternik & Theodor 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The authors compared the specimens to a single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FE71FBB4FD805E30" box="[434,529,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE71FBB4FD805E30" box="[434,529,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Chakdara,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FD1AFBB4FC825E30" box="[729,787,1051,1077]" name="India" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FCE0FBB4FC235E30" box="[803,946,1051,1077]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
] and to literature accounts by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FADBFBB4FA0D5E30" author="Puri, I. M." box="[1304,1436,1051,1077]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 227" refId="ref173728" refString="Puri, I. M. (1931) Larvae of anopheline mosquitoes, with full description of those of the Indian species. Indian Medical Research Memoirs, 21, vi + 1 - 227 + 1 (tables), 47 pls." type="journal article" year="1931">Puri (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FF0AFB90FEE25E5C" author="Iyengar, M. O. T." box="[201,371,1087,1113]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1189 - 1192" refId="ref161368" refString="Iyengar, M. O. T. (1930) The larva of Anopheles turkhudi. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 27 (4), 1189 - 1192." type="journal article" year="1930">Iyengar (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as follow: Two white spots present on basal third of costa in the Indian specimen [humeral and presector pale spots], which are not found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FD22FBCCFCAC5E78" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[737,829,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FD22FBCCFCAC5E78" box="[737,829,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; base of R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA7D0A19FC7DFBDAFC575E86" attach="left" box="[958,966,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">1</subScript>
|
||
dark in the Indian specimen, base of R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA7D0A19FA57FBDAFA0D5E86" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">1</subScript>
|
||
white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FF39FB28FEC75EA4" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[250,342,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FF39FB28FEC75EA4" box="[250,342,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[not evident in illustration]; vein R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA7D0A19FD26FB36FD6E5EA2" attach="left" box="[741,767,1177,1191]" fontSize="6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">4+5</subScript>
|
||
all dark in the Indian specimen, nearly all white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FA83FB28FA0D5EA4" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[1344,1436,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FA83FB28FA0D5EA4" box="[1344,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[not evident in illustration]; well-defined white area in middle of 1A in the Indian specimen, but only four or five scattered white scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FE2BFB60FDD55EEC" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[488,580,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE2BFB60FDD55EEC" box="[488,580,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FD90FB60FC095EEC" author="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O." box="[595,920,1231,1257]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref176953" refString="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O. (1942) On a new variety of Anopheles turkhudi from Palestine. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India, 4 (4), 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="1942">Saliternik & Theodor (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the male genitalia agreed with the illustration of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FEFDFB5CFDB35F08" author="Christophers, S. R." box="[318,546,1266,1293]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="371 - 394" refId="ref147972" refString="Christophers, S. R. (1915) The male genitalia of Anopheles. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 3 (2), 371 - 394, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1915">Christophers (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
except for the presence of many more aedeagal leaflets in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FB23FB5CFAAD5F08" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[1248,1340,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FB23FB5CFAAD5F08" box="[1248,1340,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “There are only 3 to 4 indicated in his figure while there are
|
||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA7D0A19FCC7FAB8FC125F34" box="[772,899,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 11 in</quantity>
|
||
our specimen.” Additionally, the hindfemur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FF54FA94FF625F50" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,243,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FF54FA94FF625F50" box="[151,243,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described (and illustrated) with “a well-defined white longitudinal stripe which ends a short distance before tip. On the other femora the white stripe is less clearly defined.” This last character was not mentioned as diagnostic, but we have not seen reference to it elsewhere. Regarding the male genitalia, it is obvious that Saliternik & Theodor erred when they stated that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FD8EFA08FCBC5FC4" author="Christophers, S. R." box="[589,813,1446,1473]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="371 - 394" refId="ref147972" refString="Christophers, S. R. (1915) The male genitalia of Anopheles. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 3 (2), 371 - 394, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1915">Christophers (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated the presence of three to four aedeagal leaflets in his figure of the male genitalia. Christophers’s figure (pl. XXIII, fig. 19), clearly diagrammatic, distinctly shows two apical leaflets on only one side of the aedeagus. In his brief description, he stated that the genitalia were “As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FF54F9BCFEB35C28" box="[151,290,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FF54F9BCFEB35C28" box="[151,290,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FEFDF9BCFEF05C29" box="[318,353,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
“Theca [aedeagus] Y shaped, with about four strongly chitinised leaflets, the inner, the longest, ·5 [0.5] of the length of the theca.” It is obvious that Saliternik & Theodor compared the total number of leaflets in their specimen,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE8BF9F4FEFB5C71" box="[328,362,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
the sum of leaflets on both sides, with the number on one side (5–7) indicated in the descriptions and illustrations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FEACF9D0FDD85C9C" author="Christophers, S. R." box="[367,585,1662,1689]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="371 - 394" refId="ref147972" refString="Christophers, S. R. (1915) The male genitalia of Anopheles. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 3 (2), 371 - 394, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1915">Christophers (1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FD97F9D0FD015C9C" author="Christophers, S. R." box="[596,656,1663,1689]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref148077" refString="Christophers, S. R. (1933) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. IV. Family Culicidae. Tribe Anophelini. Taylor and Francis, London, vi + (iii) + 371 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); thus, the number of leaflets does not distinguish subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FA83F9D0FA0D5C9C" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[1344,1436,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FA83F9D0FA0D5C9C" box="[1344,1436,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the typical form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FE6EF90CFDA85CB8" box="[429,569,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE6EF90CFDA85CB8" box="[429,569,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An. turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7D0A18FF04F968FD905AFC" blockId="78.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="79.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FE8CF968FE3A5CE4" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[335,427,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE8CF968FE3A5CE4" box="[335,427,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been explicitly reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FCB9F968FC295CE4" box="[890,952,1735,1761]" name="Israel" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
since the original description in spite of continued collecting (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FE4EF944FDE75D00" author="Margalit, J. & Avrahami, M. & Tahori, A. S." box="[397,630,1771,1797]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref167862" refString="Margalit, J., Avrahami, M. & Tahori, A. S. (1973) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding in the Dead Sea area. Israel Journal of Zoology, 22, 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Margalit
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE3BF944FDBA5D00" box="[504,555,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FD47F944FC085D00" author="Margalit, J. & Tahori, A. S." box="[644,921,1771,1797]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="77 - 91" refId="ref167829" refString="Margalit, J. & Tahori, A. S. (1974) An annotated list of mosquitoes in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 9, 77 - 91." type="journal article" year="1974">Margalit & Tahori 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the nominotypical form has been reported in some of the same publications. In addition, neither
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FC8DF8A0FBEC5D2C" author="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L." box="[846,1149,1806,1833]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref169149" refString="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly & Knight (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FB6CF8A0FA0D5D2C" author="Rodhain, F. & Boutoxxier, A. & Carterox, B. & Morvax, D." box="[1199,1436,1807,1833]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="302 - 308" refId="ref176062" refString="Rodhain, F., Boutoxxier, A., Carterox, B. & Morvax, D. (1977) Les culicides du Rerritoire francais des Afars et des Issas. 1. Le genre Anopheles. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 70 (3), 302 - 308." type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
Rodhain
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FAD7F8A0FAD45D2C" box="[1300,1349,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1977)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FF39F89CFEC75D48" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[250,342,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FF39F89CFEC75D48" box="[250,342,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their treatments.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FDFBF89CFD5B5D48" author="Glick, J. I." box="[568,714,1843,1869]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="125 - 153" refId="ref156974" refString="Glick, J. I. (1992) Illustrated key to the female Anopheles of southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 24 (2), 125 - 153." type="journal article" year="1992">Glick (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a key to adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FC25F89CFBCA5D48" box="[998,1115,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FC25F89CFBCA5D48" box="[998,1115,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southwestern Asia and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FF54F8F8FF4C5D74" box="[151,221,1879,1905]" name="Egypt" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, stated in an explanatory note (no. 2) that “The variety
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FC96F8F8FCE55D74" box="[853,884,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FC4EF8F8FC255D74" box="[909,948,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cel</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FC0FF8F8FB015D74" box="[972,1168,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FC0FF8F8FBBA5D74" box="[972,1067,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">turkhudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FBF7F8F8FB015D74" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[1076,1168,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">telamali</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FAECF8F8FEEB5D90" author="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref176953" refString="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O. (1942) On a new variety of Anopheles turkhudi from Palestine. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India, 4 (4), 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="1942">Saliternik and Theodor (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from ‘Palestine’ was not seen during this study” and “J. Margalit (personal communication) feels that the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7D0A19FE5CF830FD025DBC" box="[415,659,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="turkhudi" subSpecies="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7D0A19FE5CF830FD025DBC" box="[415,659,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">An. turkhudi telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid subspecies may be in doubt.” Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7D0A19FB21F830FF755DD8" author="Bromley-Schnur, H. J." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref146596" refString="Bromley-Schnur, H. J. (2021) The mosquitoes of Israel and surrounding areas: An illustrated guide. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, 147 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3920 / 978 - 90 - 8686 - 913 - 8" type="book" year="2021">Bromley-Schnur (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in an illustrated guide to the mosquitoes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7D0A19FD35F86CFCA55DD8" box="[758,820,1987,2013]" name="Israel" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
and neighboring areas, reiterated that the validity of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FED4FF38FEE25AB4" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[279,371,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FED4FF38FEE25AB4" box="[279,371,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is doubtful and noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FD65FF38FCA25AB4" box="[678,819,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FD65FF38FCA25AB4" box="[678,819,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">An. turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rare in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7C0A18FC6BFF38FC775AB4" box="[936,998,151,177]" name="Israel" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
and has not been found in the country since it was last identified as larvae collected in 1969 at Eine et Turabe Springs near the northwestern side of the Dead Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7C0A18FED3FF70FE655AFC" author="Margalit, J. & Avrahami, M. & Tahori, A. S." box="[272,500,223,249]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref167862" refString="Margalit, J., Avrahami, M. & Tahori, A. S. (1973) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding in the Dead Sea area. Israel Journal of Zoology, 22, 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Margalit
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FEBAFF70FE3B5AFC" box="[377,426,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA7C0A18FF04FEACFCBD5864" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Although further study could prove differently, we believe that subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FC3EFEACFBC85B18" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[1021,1113,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FC3EFEACFBC85B18" box="[1021,1113,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FAD1FEACFA0D5B18" box="[1298,1436,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FAD1FEACFA0D5B18" box="[1298,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">An. turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FF62FE88FE845B44" box="[161,277,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
]. However, variation reported from the wide geographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FBF2FE88FB505B44" box="[1073,1217,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FBF2FE88FB505B44" box="[1073,1217,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">An. turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests a species complex. We agree with the opinion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7C0A18FD94FEE4FC055B60" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[599,916,331,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that “The discrepancy between the terminalia [genitalia] of specimens from Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA7C0A18FDA9FEC0FD355B8C" box="[618,676,367,393]" name="India" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the rest of its distribution has already been noted, which raises the question as to whether Edwards, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7C0A18FD89FE3CFD705BA8" author="Evans, A. M." box="[586,737,403,429]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref155212" refString="Evans, A. M. (1938) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. II. - Anophelini adults and early stages. British Museum (Natural History), London, x, 404 pp." type="book" year="1938">Evans (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, was correct in synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FBF0FE3CFB065BA8" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1921" box="[1075,1175,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Liberiblattinidae" genus="Ano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FBF0FE3CFB065BA8" box="[1075,1175,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">flaviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FB17FE3CFAA25BA8" box="[1236,1331,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FB17FE3CFAA25BA8" box="[1236,1331,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It seems possible that specimens from the north-west of the Indian subcontinent and from Arabia and Africa may not be conspecific with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FE41FE74FE705BF0" box="[386,481,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FE41FE74FE705BF0" box="[386,481,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Deccan.” Until further studies prove otherwise,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FB8CFE74FB3A5BF0" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[1103,1195,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FB8CFE74FB3A5BF0" box="[1103,1195,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here considered to be conspecific with the nominate species:
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FDBFFE51FDE35839" bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FDBFFE51FBBF581D" authority="Saliternik & Theodor, 1942" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[636,1070,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FDBFFE51FD48581C" bold="true" box="[636,729,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">telamali</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7C0A18FD21FE51FBBF581D" author="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O." box="[738,1070,510,537]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref176953" refString="Saliternik, Z. & Theodor, O. (1942) On a new variety of Anopheles turkhudi from Palestine. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India, 4 (4), 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="1942">Saliternik & Theodor, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FF54FD8DFDE35839" authority="Liston, 1901" authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,626,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi" subGenus="Cellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FF54FD8DFE815838" bold="true" box="[151,272,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FEE3FD8DFEF55838" bold="true" box="[288,356,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cellia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FEB6FD8DFE4B5838" bold="true" box="[373,474,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">turkhudi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7C0A18FE23FD8DFDE35839" author="Liston, W. G." box="[480,626,546,572]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="361 - 366" refId="ref166113" refString="Liston, W. G. (1901) A year's experience of the habits of Anopheles in Ellichpur. The description of the species of Anopheles found in Ellichpur during the year. Indian Medical Gazette, 36, 361 - 366 + 441 - 443, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1901">Liston, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Consequently, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FCF1FD8CFB985838" authorityName="Saliternik & Theodor" authorityYear="1942" box="[818,1033,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telamali">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FCF1FD8CFB985838" box="[818,1033,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Anopheles telamali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” should be removed from the list of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7C0A18FECEFDE8FE135864" box="[269,386,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7C0A18FECEFDE8FE135864" box="[269,386,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |